2021大学英语听力：两位美国大学教授获得诺贝尔经济学奖 诺贝尔化学奖中国人.doc

《2021大学英语听力：两位美国大学教授获得诺贝尔经济学奖 诺贝尔化学奖中国人.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021大学英语听力：两位美国大学教授获得诺贝尔经济学奖 诺贝尔化学奖中国人.doc（3页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2021大学英语听力：两位美国大学教授获得诺贝尔经济学奖 诺贝尔化学奖中国人英语听力网权威发布大学英语听力：两位美国大学教授获得诺贝尔经济学奖，更多大学英语听力相关信息请访问英语听力网。Nobel Prize Winners Studied Agreements Affecting EveryoneTwo professors at American universities have won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. They were honored for their work on business agreements that af

2、fect billions of people worldwide: contracts.“The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Sveriges Richsbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for 2016 to Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmstrom for their contributions to contract theory.”Goran Hansson, the Secretary Ge

3、neral of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciencesannounced the prize Monday.Oliver Hart is a professor at Harvard University. Bengt Holmstrom is at the nearby Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or M.I.T.The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said the prize was awarded for work on the theory of contr

4、acts. These agreements affect almost every part of modern life.Contracts are everywhereInsurance, loans, buying agreements, employment, property rights, political constitutions and marriage are all kinds of contracts.Hart and Holmstrom developed a theory for understanding how contracts work. Their r

5、esearch has been used to design contracts. It relates to contracts in private markets and in public policy.Contracts are agreements between a principal and an agent. One example of this relationship is the one between an employer and an employee.The leader of a company and its shareholders also have

6、 a contractual agreement.Hart and Holmstroms work raised questions about tying the pay of high-level officials to a companys current profits. They found that performance-based pay might not be the best policy in some cases. Doing so, may give a business leader anincentive to make decisions that increase profits for a short period of time. Those same decisions may harm the company over the long term.The two also studied insurance contracts. They argued that people may become careless if insurance companies fully replaced things that are d第 3 页 共 3 页