2017同等学力英语基础六：词汇题-名词语法(共10页).doc

《2017同等学力英语基础六：词汇题-名词语法(共10页).doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2017同等学力英语基础六：词汇题-名词语法(共10页).doc（10页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2016同等学力英语基础六本课主要内容：习题演练：教材英语基础词汇知识 Unit One 第21-30题名词语法课堂巩固练习2016同等学力英语基础六(1)：教材英语基础词汇知识 Unit One 第21-30题21. Long-term use of the drug can _ the patients personality.A. alter B. switch C. exchange D. substitute本题选A。考查：动词词义辨析。alert 更改，改变。其余三项：switch 交换，转换；exchange 交流；交换；substitute 替换，代替

2、。句意：长期服用药物会改变病人的性格。22. The volleyball team has had five _ victories in the last three years.A. successive B. excessiveC. subsequent D. eventual本题选A。考查：形容词词义辨析。 successive 连续的，相继的。其余三项：excessive 过度的，过分的；subsequent 随后的，后来的；eventual 最后的，结果的。句意：这支排球队在过去的三年里获得了5连胜。23. According to the American federal go

3、vernment, residents of Hawaii have the longest life _:77.2.A. rankB. spanC. scaleD. scope本题选B。考查：名词词义辨析。 span （注意力、生命等）持续时间；时距；（桥梁、拱门等的）跨距。其余三项：rank 军衔；地位；级别；scale 刻度；程度；规模；scope （科学、活动、书籍等的）范围，（发挥能力的）机会。句意：根据美国联邦政府报告显示，夏威夷居民拥有最长的寿命77.2岁。24. The lawyer advised him to drop the _, since he stands litt

4、le chance to win.A. event B. incidentC. caseD. affair本题选C。考查：名词词义辨析。 case 实例，情况，案例。其余三项：event 事件，大事；运动项目；incident 骚乱，事故；小插曲；冲突；affair 事件；affairs 事情，事务，e.g. foreign affairs 外交事务。句意：律师建议他放弃这单案子，因为他胜出的机会很小。25. He is quite sure that its _ impossible for him to fulfill the task within two days.A. absolut

5、ely B. exclusivelyC. fullyD. roughly本题选A。考查：副词词义辨析。 absolutely 绝对地，完全地。其余三项：exclusively 独有地，排他地；fully 完全地，圆满地；roughly 大致地，粗略地。句意：他非常确信要他在2天之内完成这项任务是完全不可能的事情。26. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play _ roles in raising children.A. incapableB. indispensable C. insensibleD. in

6、finite本题选B。考查：形容词词义辨析。 indispensable 不可或缺的，必不可少的。其余三项：incapable 无能的；insensible （对可能发生的事情）没意识到的；无感觉的；infinite 无限的，无穷的。补充：play a role in sth 在方面起作用。句意：在中国的家庭中，祖父母和其他亲戚在抚养孩子方面起到非常重要的作用。27. Eye contact is important because wrong contact may create a communication _.A. catastropheB. vacuum C. questionD.

7、barrier本题选D。考查：名词词义辨析。 barrier 障碍，隔阂。其余三项： catastrophe 毁灭性大灾难；困境，不利局面；vacuum 真空，失落感；question 问题。句意：眼神交流很重要，因为不当的交流会引起沟通障碍。28. _ energy under the earth must be released in one form or another, for example, an earthquake.A. AccumulatedB. Gathered C. AssembledD. Collected本题选A。考查：形容词词义辨析。 accumulated 蓄积

8、的（侧重一点一滴积累）。其余三项： gathered 集合的（侧重往一个中心聚集）；assembled 装配的，组装的，collected收集的。句意：地下蓄积的能量必须以某种形式得到释放，比如地震。29. The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural _.A. traditionB. transportation C. transmissionD. transformation本题选D。考查：名词词义辨析。 transformation 变形，转变。其余三项

9、：tradition 传统，惯例；transportation 交通；transmission 传递，传播。句意：世界范围内的政治、经济以及文化在二十世纪发生了巨变。30. The _ stuck on the envelope says “By Air”.A. diagramB. label C. signalD. mark本题选B。考查：名词词义辨析。label 标签。其余三项：diagram图表；signal 信号，指令；mark 标记，符号。句意：黏在信封上的标签上写有“空运”。2016同等学力英语基础六(2)：名词语法英文中能够表达实际意义的词：动词，名词，形容词，副词名词语法主要包

10、括：修饰名词的限定词；部分名词的数的特殊表达法；主谓一致关系1. 修饰名词的限定词 (1)冠词：定冠词the，不定冠词an/a定冠词the的用法：指独一无二的物体: The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起.第二次出现的名词Yesterday I met a man. The man seemed very sad.昨天我碰到一个人，这个人看上去很悲伤。带后置定语的名词: She is a girl. / She is the girl from Shanghai.除此之外还有一些特殊用法：国际通行节日前不加the：e.g. National Day, Labor

11、Day, Womens Day, Childrens Day, Christmas Day, Thanksgiving Day中国传统的、按农历时间定的节日名词前要加the：e.g. the Spring Festival , the Mid-Autumn Day, the Dragon Boat Festival专有名词表国名、地名等前面不加the：如China, Washington普通名词转换来的专有名词前要加the：e.g. the Peoples Republic of Chinathe United States of Americathe United Kindom of Gre

12、at Britain and Northern Ireland (UK)不定冠词an/a的用法：表达数量的概念: 一/一个 e.g. There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一个苹果。表示泛指某一类人或物 e.g. A student should study English well. 学生应该学好英语。定冠词特殊含义： 表主/被动关系：e.g. in charge of 负责，掌管 in the charge of 归管in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 归拥有表肯/否定关系：e.g. out of questio

13、n 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能表大/小范围：e.g. Shenzhen is located in the south of China. 深圳位于中国的南方。Vietnam is located in south of China. 越南位于中国南方。表抽象/具体：e.g. go to school上学 go to the school 去学校in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院go to church 做礼拜 go to the church 去教堂at table 在进餐 at the table 在桌边 by day 在白天

14、by the day 按日计算 (2) 只能修饰可数名词的限定词: many, a few（一些，几个，表肯定）, few（很少，不多，表否定）, several, a （large）number of, both, a couple ofe.g.There are a few students. 教室里有一些学生。There are few students. 教室里没几个学生。(3) 只能修饰不可数名词的限定词: much, a little（少量，一些，表肯定）, little（不多的，表否定）, a great deal of, a large amount ofe.g.There i

15、s a little water in the cup. 杯子里有一点水。There is little water in the cup. 杯子里没多少水了。(4)既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词的限定词: a lot of /lots of, a plenty of, some, most , alle.g.All of us are going to see the game.All of his time was spent on gambling.Three-fourths of the people are illiterate.注意：下列不定代词短语修饰名词时，名词前必须有定

16、冠词“the”，且谓语动词的数取决于该名词的单复数：plenty of, one fourth of, none of, some of, majority of, percent of, the rest of, most of, all of, some of, many of, much ofe.g. Most of the books are interesting.2016同等学力英语基础六(3)：2. 名词的数 (1)四大特殊表达法以-o结尾，除hero, tomato, Negro, potato, echo加 es 以外，其它以-o结尾的单词复数加s，比如photo, radi

17、o, zoo, cargo, volcano, zero等；古英语：child-childrenfoot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese woman-womentooth-teeth复合名词： A. 在中心词上加slooker-on - lookers-on 旁观者 passer-by - passers-by 过路人runner-up - runners-up 亚军 comrade-in-arms - comrades-in-arms 战友editor-in-chief - editors-in-chief 总编辑 mother-in-law - mothers-i

18、n-law 岳母；婆母B. 在最后一个词后加s: film-goer - film-goers 爱看电影的人 go-between - go-betweens 中间人grown-up - grown-ups 成年人 good-for-nothing - good-for-nothings 没用的人C. 构成复合词的每个部分都变成复数: man-driver - men-drivers 男司机 man teacher - men teachers 男教师 woman-nurse - women-nurses 女护士 woman player - women players 女运动员十大特殊复数形

19、式的名词：单复数相同的名词: fish, sheep, deer, series(系列), means(方式), species(物种), Chinese等等e.g. A series of lectures is going to be held in this room. 这间教室将举办一系列讲座. I am a Chinese. /We are Chinese.复数形式，单数用法：学科： physics(物理学), politics(政治学), economics(经济学), statistics(统计学)疾病： measles(麻疹), mumps(腮腺炎), rickets(佝偻病)

20、国名，机构名或报刊杂志名：the United States of America, the United Nations(联合国，简称UN), New York Times(纽约时报), The Times(泰晤士报), newse.g. The United Nations is the biggest international organization in the world.联合国是世界上最大的国际组织。注意: economics 不指经济学，而指整体经济状况或形势时，谓语动词用复数。politics 不指政治学，而指政治观点或政治主张时，谓语动词用复数。 e.g. My poli

21、tics are quite different from yours. 我的政治观念与你不同。statistics 不指统计学，而指统计数据时，谓语动词用复数。单复数意义不同的名词：time 时间 - times 时代minute 分钟 - minutes 会议纪要authority 权威 - authorities 当局humanity人类 - humanities 人文学科pain 痛苦 - pains 努力 (no pains, no gains 一分耕耘一分收获)light 光 - lights 灯air 空气- airs 架子 (put on airs 摆架子,装腔作势)work

22、工作 - works 作品，工厂2016同等学力英语基础六(4)：3. 主谓一致Both you and I are communist members. 你和我都是共产党员。Neither you nor I am communist members. 你和我都不是共产党员。原则一：复数原则，即两个或者两个以上的名词由and连接作主语时，或主语由bothand 连接时，谓语动词用复数。(1)A and B (不同概念的名词) (2)Both A and B (3)Both, A and Be.g. Tom and Mary are good friends. 汤姆和玛丽是好朋友。Baseba

23、ll and swimming are usually summer sports.Both bread and butter are sold in that grocery. 那个杂货店既卖面包，也卖黄油。原则二：单数原则 (1) 表示时间、距离、价值、量度的复数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。e.g. Three hours is not enough. 三个小时不够用。One hundred dollars is a huge sum for a child from countryside.一百美元对一个农村孩子来说是一大笔钱。2,300 kilometers from Beijing

24、to Shenzhen is a long distance.2300公里从北京到深圳是很长的距离。(2) and连接两个名词表示一个概念做主语时，谓语用单数; 若表示的是多个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。War and peace is a constant theme in literature.战争与和平是文学中永恒的主题。(war and peace是一对概念，看作一个主题)同例：law and order 法律秩序apple pie and ice cream 苹果派冰激凌 folk and knife 刀叉 needle and thread 针线 love and hate 爱与

25、恨 egg and rice 蛋炒饭(3)动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. What I said today is important. 我今天讲的内容很重要。 Reading many books is useful. 多看书是有用的。 To work hard is necessary.(4) many a, more than one + 单数可数名词，尽管表示复数意义，谓语仍用单数。e.g. Many a student in our class is from Shandong. 我们班上有许多学生来自山东。 More than one stude

26、nt in our class is from Shandong. 我们班上不止一个学生来自山东。(5) 由 everyand every; each and each; no and no; many a and many a 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词用单数。e.g. Every man and every woman working here is getting along well with me. 我和在这里工作的男男女女都相处得很好。No difficulty and no hardship has discouraged him.没有什么艰难险阻能打败他。原则三：就近原则，谓语

27、动词单复数取决于B（最靠近谓语动词的名词）neither A nor Beither A or BA or Bnot only A but also BThere be + B and Ae.g. There is a teacher and many students in the classroom. 教室里有一位老师和许多学生。There are many students and a teacher in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生和一位老师。Not only the students but also their teacher is invited to att

28、end the party. 原则四：就远原则，谓语动词单复数取决于A（即第一个主语的名词的单复数）A as well as BA together with BA accompanied by BA except BA besides Be.g. My mother, as well as my two brothers, has a key to the office. 我母亲，还有我的两个哥哥都有一把办公室的钥匙。例外1：a number of (a total of , an average of )+复数 名词，谓语动词用复数； the number of (the total of

29、, the average of )+ 复数名词， 谓语动词用单数。 e.g. A number of students are from Shanghai. The number of students is 100.例外2：One of my friends is a film star.（one是主语，my friends修饰one） Tom is one of my friends who are from Shanghai. （are为who引导的定语从句的谓语动词，要与先行词friends保持一致，故用复数）； Tom is the only one of my friends w

30、ho is from Shanghai. （有only修饰，句子强调的重心是one，所以从句谓语动词用单数）。例外3：the + adj / v-ed 表示一类人时，用复数谓语动词；表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：the poor / dumb / innocent / guilty / unemployed / aged / oppressed / exploitede.g. The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 病人得到了医治，失踪的也找回来了。We can do the difficult first. The

31、impossible takes a little longer.我们先从难题开始，不会的可能花的时间长一些。The best is yet to come. 好戏还在后头。练习：1. We tend to think the men we like are good for everything, and _we dont, good for nothing.A. onesB. thoseC. the oneD. that解析：本题选B。考查代词。此处需要一个人称代词指代the men (复数），只能选用those和ones指代可数名词的复数形式，排除C、D项；ones是泛指，而the me

32、n则是特指，本题不合适。故选B项。句意：我们常常认为我们喜欢的人什么都好，而我们不喜欢的人什么都不好。2. A thousand miles no longer _ much to us today, for modern jets can easily get us to a great distance within a few hours. A. meantB. meansC. meanD. will mean解析：本题选B。考查主谓一致。表示时间，金钱，距离，重量等的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式，故选B项。句意：一千英里对如今的我们而言，不再意味着什么，因为现

33、代飞机能够轻而易举地在短短几个小时内把我们送到遥远的地方。3. The secretary and accountant of our company _ the meeting.A. were to attendB. are to attendC. is attendD. is to attend解析：本题选D。考查主谓一致。由and所连接的两个名词,如果表示一个概念时，谓语动词用单数；如果表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。简单的判断方法是看and后面的名词前有没有冠词，如：A black and a white dog are playing in the yard. (两只狗)。A

34、black and white dog is playing in the yard.（一只狗）。本题中accountant前没有冠词，意思是秘书和会计由同一个人兼任，所以谓语动词用单数，故选D。句意：我们公司的秘书兼会计将出席这次会议。4. Many a writer of newspaper articles _ to writing novels. A. has turned B. have turnedC. being turned D. are going to turn解析：本题选A。考查主谓一致。”many a单数可数名词”时尽管表示的是复数意义，但谓语动词仍用单数，故选A项。句

35、意：许多写报纸文章的作家都转向了写小说。5. John as well as the other children who _ no parents _ good care of in the center. A. have; is being taken B. have; has takenC. has; is taken D. has; have been taken解析：本题选A。考查主谓一致和动词时态，who引导的定语从句修饰other children所以谓语动词应是复数，排除C、D项；A as well as/together with B中，谓语动词要根据“就远原则”由A决定，这里即与John一致，所以第二空格的谓语动词为单数，约翰应该是受到照顾，要使用被动语态，故选A项。句意：约翰同其他那些没有父母的孩子一起在这个中心受到很好的照顾。