人教版八级英语上册期末复习知识点总结.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结Unit1 Where did you go on vacation.A.短语与固定搭配go on vacation 去度假 be on vacation 度假stay at home 待在家里 go to the mountains 去爬山go to the beach 去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp 去参观夏令营bye for now 再见quite a few 相当多study for 为 而学习 go out 出去 most of the time 大部分时间long time no see 好久不见 along the

2、 way 沿途 another two hours=two more hours 另外两小时taste good 尝起来很好吃have a good time 玩得兴奋of course 当然keep a diary 记日记go shopping 去购物in the past 在过去walk around 四处走走because of 由于one bowl of 一碗 the next day 其次天drink tea 喝茶find out 找出。查明go on 连续take photos 照相something important 重要的事up and down 上上下下come up 出来

3、复合不定代词somebody = someone 某人something 某物,某事1anybody = anyone 任何人anything 什么事物,任何事物,无论什么事物nobody = no one 没有人,不重要的人nothing 没有东西,什么也没有 ; 不重要的人或事everybody = everyone 每人 ,人人 ,全部人 everything 每一个事物,一切词组： for nothing白费,没有好结果,免费 , nothing but仅仅,只不过 , It s nothing. 不用谢,不必在意anybody else别人 复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句子中作主语、

4、宾语和表语Everything is made of elements. 任何东西都是元素构成的。 I have nothing to say toady.我今日没什么可讲的。 Thats nothing.没什么。（ 1 ）作主语时,谓语动词用单数。（ 2）something 和 anything 的区分与 some 和 any 的区分一样,前者一般用于确定句,后者一般用于否定句、 疑问或句条件状语从句 中。I have somethingimportant to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告知你。 （确定句）Someone is asking to see you.有人要见你。（确

5、定句）Has anything happened ？ 出什么事了吗？（疑问句）We cant decide anything now.我们现在不能作什么打算。（否定句）If you wantanything, call me. 你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。（条件状语从句）（ 3） 复合不定代词被定语所修饰时,形容词 或不定式等 其他定语就须放在它们的后面。There isnothingwrongwith the machine.这机器没出什么毛病。（形容词）This issomethingspecial.这是种特殊的东西。 （形容词 （ 4 ）除与 -thing构成的复合不定代词外,即eve

6、ryone、everybody、someone, somebody都有全部格形式。当其后有else时, s要加在 else后面。如： That must besomebody else scoat; it isn t mine那. 肯定是别人的外衣,不是我的。（ 5 ） everyone=everybody, anyone=anybody,只指人,不能与 of短语连用。 every one,any one可指人也可指物,肯定要与of 连用才可以。 如： Is anybody here.有人吗？You can takeany one of these.你可以任凭拿一个。（ 6 ）与 some-,

7、 any- 构成的复合不定代词的用法与some,any的用法相同。与any-构成的复合不定代词一般用于 否定句或疑问句中, not any- 构成完全否定 ,与 some-构成的复合不定代词用于确定句 中1可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结【巧记复合代词分合】：分合皆能单独用,后加of 合不成。【巧学不定代词】： 不定代词美名扬,修饰成分后边藏。单数动词作谓语,何时何的都一样。take 带来 bring 带走feel like 给 的感觉。感受到 feel like doing sth buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物taste + a

8、dj. 尝起来 look+adj.看起来 smell 闻起来 sound 听起来feel 感觉起来feed 喂养 feed sb/sth with sth 用某物喂某人feed sth to sb/sth 或 sb/sth on sth 用某物喂某人 /物nothing but 意为除了 之外什么都没有nothing to do.but do sth/nothing but do stharrive in+ 大的点 / arrive at+ 小的点 意为到达某的 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力去做某事forget doing sth. 遗忘做过

9、某事 / forget to do sth. 遗忘做某事enjoy doing sth. 宠爱做某事 /dislike doing sth.不宠爱做某事want to do sth. 想去做某事 /start doing sth. 开头做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事 /stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事keep doing sth.连续做某事 /keep on doing sth. 反复做某事Why not do. sth. 为什么不做 了？so+adj.+that 从句意为如此 以至于 it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth对某人来说

10、做 怎么样tell sb. not to do sth.告知某人（不要）做某事/ask sb. not to do sth. 要求某人（不要）做某事want sb. not to do sth.想要某人（不要）做某事1. seem +形容词 seem + to do sth. seems / seemed +看起来, .似乎、似乎做某事从句看起来似乎 , 。似乎,. seem like,.似乎,似乎, .3. decide to do sth.打算做某事 decide +疑问词 + 动词不定式4. start doing sth = start to do sth.开头,（=begin ） 但

11、以下几种情形不能用begin创办,开办：He started a new shop last month.机器开动：I can t start my car.动身,动身：I will start tomorrow morning.5. over介词,多于,超过,在, 以上（表示数目、程度）= more than在, 之上,与under相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.超过： I hear the news over the radio.遍及： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many太多,后接可数

12、名词复数 too much太多,修饰不行数名词,修饰动词作状语。 much too太,修饰形容词或副词。7. because of和 because because of介词短语,由于,由于,后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子。 because连词,由于,引导状语从句,表示直接明确的缘由或理由。8. most的用法形容词意为大多数的代词意为大多数most+n=most of the+n：大多数可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Unit2 How often do you exercise.A.短语与固定搭配help with housework 帮忙做家务on weekends

13、在周末how often 多久一次hardly ever 几乎从不once a week 每周一次twice a month 每月两次every day 每天be free 有空go to the movies 去看电影use the Internet 用互联网swing dance 摇摆舞play tennis 打网球stay up late 熬夜。睡得很晚at least 至少have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课go to bed early 早点睡觉play sports 进行体育活动how come.怎么会be good for 对 有好处sb. s

14、pend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时间be bad for 对 有坏处sb. spend time / money on sth. 在某方面花费时间 /金钱be good with 与 友好相处sb. spend time /money in doing sth. 在做某事上花费时间 /金钱be good at sth./ doing sth 善于某事 /做某事be friendly with sb.与某人友好相处be friendly to sb.对某人友好be kind to sb.对某人友好 go camping 去野营not at all 一点儿也不 in ones

15、free time 在某人的业余时间the most popular 最受欢迎的such as 比如。诸如old habits die hard 积习难改go to the dentist 去看牙医morn than 多于。超过less than 少于help sb. with sth. 帮忙某人做某事How about .怎么样？ / 好不好？want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事How many+ 可数名词复数 +一般疑问句？ 有多少 .主语 +find+that 从句 . 发觉 Its+ adj.+ to do sth.做某事的 的。ask sb. about sth.向

16、某人询问某事ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事by doing sth.通过做某事What s your favorite .你最宠爱的 是什么？the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式Which do you like best.你最宠爱B 词语辨析：1.how often多久一次,用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once , twice, three times等词语。How often do you play sports.Three times a week.how long多长,用来询问多长时间,也可询问某物有多长。How long does

17、it take to get to Shanghai from here.How long is the ruler.howfor多远, 用来询问距离,指路程的远近。Howfaris it fromheretothe park.It s about2 kilometers.1.free闲暇的,有空的,反义词为 busy. be free有空,闲着,相当于have time.仍可作“免费的、自由的”be free to do sth.自由的做某事。2.How come ？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很古怪,有点想不通。可单独使用,也可引导一个问句, 相当于疑问句why, 但 how com

18、e3.stay up late开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍旧是陈述语序。指“熬夜到很晚,迟睡” 。 Don t stay up late next time.stay up指“熬夜,不睡觉” 。 He stayed up all night to write his story.4.go to bed go to bed go to sleep和 go to sleep强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程,但人不肯定睡着。强调“入睡,睡着,进入梦乡”。She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.5.find可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 fi

19、nd +宾语+名词 , 发觉 find +宾语+ 形容词 发觉 find +宾语+ 现在分词 发觉6. percent百分数,基数词 + percent ： percent没有复数形式,作主语时,依据所修饰的名词来判 断谓语的单复数。Forty percent of the students in our class are girls.Thirty percent of time passed.7. more than超过,多于,相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than.9. afraid形容词, 担忧的,可怕的,在句中作表语,不用在名词前作定语。

20、be afraid of sb / sth可怕某人 / 某事。 be afraid of doing sth.可怕做某事。 Im afraid +从句, 唯恐, 担忧： Im afraid I have to go now. be afraid to do sth可怕做某事10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time的区分： sometimes频度副词,用how often提问 sometime副词,某个时候。用 when. 提问 some times名词词组,几次,几倍。其中time是可数名词,提问时用how many times. som

21、e time名词短语,一段时间 . 表示“一段时间”时,提问时用How long.Unit3 I m more outgoing than my sister.A. 重点句型Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. That s Tara, isn t it.Are you as friendly as your sister.Im shy so it s not easy for me to make friends.B. 短语与固定搭配more outgoing 更外向as as 与 一

22、样the singing competition唱歌竞赛be similar to 与 相像的 / 类似的be the same as和 相同。与 一样be different from 与 不同care about 关怀。介意look after照料 take care of 照料be like a mirror 像一面镜子the most important 最重要的as long as 只要。既然bring out 使显现。使表现出get better grades 取得更好的成果reach for 伸手取in fact 事实上。实际上make friends 交伴侣the other

23、其他的touch ones heart 感动某人be talented in music 有音乐天赋be good at 善于 be good with 善于与 相处have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣be good at doing sth 善于做某事make sb. do sth.让某人做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事as+adj./adv.的原级 +as 与 一样It s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth.对某人来说,做某事 的。词语辨析 ：laugh v. &n.笑（与 at 连用）嘲笑 Don t laugh at him.别嘲笑他。

24、笑。笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。though conj.虽然。纵然。即使。尽管= although.留意：不能受汉语的影响,在though 引导的从句后不能使用but though adv. 不过,可是,然而,常用于句末,用逗号隔开。C. 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级（不作比较） ,修饰词 very,so,too,pretty,really 。比较级,表示“较 ”或“更 ”的意思（两者之间进行比较）, 标志词 than,A or B/of t

25、he two,修饰词 much,a lot,a little 。最高级,表示“最 ”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较）,形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the, 后面可带 in（ of ）短语来什么比较的范畴。单音节词和部分双音节词重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先 双写辅音字母, 再加 -er 或-est以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的双音节词,先把“改为“ i ”,再加-er 或 -esty”hot big thin fat funny easyearlyhotter bigger thinner fatter funnier easierearlierhottest biggest thinne

26、st fattest funniest easiestearliest多词分音 节和 部双 音在词前加 more 或 mostbeautiful athleticoutgoingmore beautiful more athleticmore outgoingmost beautiful most athleticmost outgoing节词形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规章变化：原 级比较级最高级good/well bad/badly many/much littlefarbetter worse more lessfarther（更远）further （更深远）best worst mo

27、st leastfarthest最远 furthest （最深远）As+ 原级 +as 与 一样 not as/so as 不如Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter than Lucy.Unit4 What s the best movie theater.A.重点句型1. It has the biggest screens.2. The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.3. How do you like it so far.4. Thanks forget telling me.5. Ca

28、n I ask you some questions.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规章变化：构 成 方 法原级比 较级最 高 级一般在词尾加 -er 或-esthigh shorthigher shorterhighest shortest以字母 e 词尾的词,加latelaterlatest-r 或-stfinefinestfinest可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结B.短语与固定搭配movie theater 电影院close to 离 近clothes store 服装店in town 在镇上so far 到目前为止10 minutes by bus 坐公共汽车 10 分

29、钟的路程talent show 才艺表演in common 共同。共有around the world 世界各的。全世界more and more 越来越 and so on 等等all kinds of 各种各样的be up to 是 的职责。由 打算not everybody 并不是每个人make up 编造（故事、谎言等）play a role in 在 方面发挥作用 /有影响for example 例如take seriously 仔细对待 give sb. sth.给某人某物come true（理想、期望）实现。达到Can I ask you some.我能问你一些 吗？ How d

30、o you like .你认为 怎么样？ Thanks for doing sth. 因做某事而感谢。What do you think of .你认为 怎么样 .much+ adj./adv. 的比较级 得多watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事是作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色one of+ 可数名词的复数 之一C.形容词和副词的最高级一般变化规律比较级变化,一般词尾加-er,最高级变化,词尾加上-est, 词尾如是哑音 e, 直接加 r 就可以,词尾如是哑音 e, 直接加上 -st, 辅音字母加 y, 记得把 y

31、变 i 加 -er,辅音字母加 y, y 变 i 再加 -est,一辅重读闭音节,末尾双写加-er ,一辅重读闭音节,末尾双写加-est,形副音节 123,比较等级 more 在前。形副单词多音节,最高级前the most。1.表示由动词加 -ing 或-ed 构成的形容词。2. 表示由形容词加后缀 -ly 构成的副词。3. 表示部分双音节及多音节词。tall- tallershort- shorterlong- longerfat- fattercute - cuterheavy- heavierclever- cleverestthin - thinnerstrict - stricter

32、kind - kindernice - nicercalm - calmerwild - wildersmart - smarterquiet - quieterloud-loudershy - shierlovely - lovelierpretty- prettierugly-uglierfunny - funnierfriendly -friendlier / less friendly happy-happierlazy - lazierpopular - more popularoutgoing more outgoing talented - more talentedseriou

33、s more/less seriousactive - more activeathletic -more athletichandsome -more handsomebeautiful - more beautifulhardworking more/ less hardworking jump high - higher run fast - faster work hard - harder get up early - earlier sing well - sing betterlate - later dance well - dance better play basketba

34、ll well - play basketball betterbe good at - be better at feel good - feel bettersing clearly - sing more clearlyspeak loudly - speak more loudly calmly - more calmlywildly - more wildlyquietly - more quietlyseriously -more seriously可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结actively - more activelyUnit5 Do you want t

35、o watch a game show.A. 短语与固定搭配think of 认为learn from 从 获得。向 学习find out 查明。弄清晰talk show 谈话节目game show 嬉戏节目soap opera 肥皂剧go on 发生watch a movie 看电影a pair of 一双。一对 try one s best 尽某人最大努力as famous as与 一样出名 have a discussion about 就 争论 one day 有一天such as 例如dress up 装扮。梳理take sb.s place 代替。替换do a good job 干

36、得好something enjoyable 令人开心的东西interesting information好玩的资料 one of 之一look like看起来像around the world 全世界a symbol of 的象征let sb. do sth.让某人做某事plan to do sth. 方案 /准备做某事hope to do sth.期望做某事happen to do sth.碰巧做某事expect to do sth.希望做某事How about doing .做 怎么样？ be ready to do sth.乐于做某事try ones best to do sth.尽力做

37、某事B. 词语用法 ：1.the other, the others, other, others,another辨析 the other表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分,可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个 , 另一个, 时,常用one ,the other, 。例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys. the ot

38、hers特指某一范畴内的其他的（人或物）,是the other的复数形式,相当于the other+复数名词。 the other +复数名词 = any other +名词单数。例：You two stay here, the others go with me.I m different from Jeff because I m louder than the other kids any other kid in my class. other作代词或形容词,可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjec

39、ts. others作代词,泛指“其他的人或物”。例：Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly. another泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：I don t like this one. Please show me another one. 2.find out查明,弄清晰, find找到3.go on和 happen happen v. 发生,一般指 偶然发 生, 主语为事,不能为人。 Sth + happens to sb.某事发生在某人身上 Sth + happen

40、s +的点/ 时间,意为：某的/ 某时发生了某事 happen v ,表示“碰巧”,主语可以是人,后常跟动词不定式to, 表示“碰巧 , ”.Sb + happens to do sth. go on发生,与 take place同义* takeplace意为“发生,举办,举办”,一般指非偶然性大事的“发生”,即这种大事的发生肯定有某种缘由或事先的支配。例： Great changes have taken place in China.翻译：一小时前发生了什么？1.expect v.期望,希望,预期,后常接四种结构：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 expect +名词 /

41、代词,期望某事 / 某人,估计 , 可能发生。I m expecting Li Lin s letter. expect to do sth.估计做某事Lily expects to come back next week. expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事I expect my mother to come back early. expect +从句估计,I expected that I ll come back next Monday.7. serious a.庄重的,仔细的。He is a serious man. be serious about sb/st

42、h.对某人 / 某事当真Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.be serious about doing sth.对某事当真 He s serious about selling his house. take sth. seriously仔细对待某事动词不定式做宾语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A. 短语与固定搭配Unit6 I m going to study computer science.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结grow up 成长。长大every day

43、每天be sure about 对 有把握make sure 确信。务必send to 把 送到 be able to 能the meaning of 的意思different kinds of 不同种类的write down 写下。登记have to do with 关于。与 有关系take up 开头做。学着做hardly ever 几乎不。很少too to 太 而不能 /太 以至于不能be going to+ 动词原形准备做某事practice doing 练习做某事keep on doing sth. 不断的做某事learn to do sth. 学会做某事finish doing s

44、th. 做完某事promise to do sth.许诺去做某事 help sb. to do sth.帮忙某人做某事remember to do sth.记住做某事agree to do sth.同意做某事love to do sth. 宠爱做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事B. 词语用法 ：1 promise vt.保证,许诺。有三种结构： promise to do sth. My mother promised to buy a piano for me. promise sb. sth. My aunt promised me a bike. promise + that从句Tom promises that he can return on time. 2.promise n.承诺,诺言 make a promiseLily is a dishonest girl. She n