介词加关系代词引导的定语从句.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -介词+关系代词引导的定语从句（一）“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose ,它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要依据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来打算。一介词挑选的主要标准1. 介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degreetowhichthey c

2、an be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可掌握的程度来说是不一样的。 to a degree The gentlemanabout whomyou toldmeyesterdayprovedtobe a thief.你昨天告知我的那个绅士被证明是个小偷。 tell sb. about sb./ sth. The English playin whichmy students acted at the New Year s party was a greatsuccess. 那场在新年晚会上我同学参与表演的英语剧很胜利。in the play Th

3、e schools themselves admit that not all children will be successfulin the jobsforwhichthey are being trained.学校本身承认，并不是全部的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业胜利。 be trained for the job 2. 介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配Who is the manwith whomour teacher is shaking hands.我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁？ shake hands with sb. Last month , part of S

4、outheast Asia was struck by floods , from whose effects the people are still suffering.上个月，东南亚的部分的区发生洪水，人们仍在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。 suffer from sth. 3. 介词与定语从句中的形容词构成一种习惯性的搭配可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - -

5、 - - - -Ours is a beautiful country ,of whichwe are greatly proud .我们的国家是一个漂亮的国家，我们为之感到很骄傲。 be proud of The woman to whomSpielberg is married is an actress.同斯皮尔伯格结婚的女人是一位演员。 be married to The West Lake ,for whichHangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.西湖很美，杭州以西湖而著名。 be famous for The womanto whomhe

6、 was engaged was a doctor.他与之订婚的那个女士是位医生。be engaged to 4. 有时关系代词前用什么介词，要依据句子的意思来打算，此时不但要留意其前的搭配，也要留意其后的搭配I was a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the dark.Before I could recognize whoshe was , she had ran back in the directionfrom whichsh

7、e had come.观察一位妇女在黑暗中像我走来，我仍没来得及认清她是谁，她已经从她来的 方向跑回去了。（假如仅留意先行词，很简单受习惯心里的影响而使用in thisdirection的搭配，但考虑到语境后的come ，就应当使用 from 。）He was educated at the local high school,after whichhe went on to BeijingUniversity.他在当的一所高中上学， 之后他上了北京高校。（after which的意思就是“在当的一所高中接受完训练之后”）。In the office I never seem to have

8、time until after 5:30 pm.by which time many have got home. 在办公室我似乎总是没时间，只有等到下午五点半， 而那个时候大家都已经回家了。 （此句不能受 at 5:30 pm 的通常表达的影响而选用介词 at, 而应当依据整个句子的语意来确定介词。 ）5. 表示“全部格”或“整体与部分关系”时，用介词of可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结

9、归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -The journey aroundtheworldtook the old sailor ninemonths,of which the sailing time was 226 days.这次环球旅行老水手用了9 个月，其中航行的时间是 226 天。The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ofwhich aresoldabroad.这个工厂每年生产50 万双鞋，其中的（指50 万双鞋）80%销往海外。I was told that there w

10、ere about 50 foreign students studying Chinesein the school, mostof whomwere from Germany.我被告知这个学校有大约 50 个外国同学在学习中文，其中大多数来自德国。I have many friends,of whomsome are businessmen.我有许多伴侣，其中有些是生意人。二介词不能提前的情形当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可以提前放在which（指事物不能用 that ）或者 whom指人不能用 who之前，也可放于原先的位置，但在含有介词的动词固定短语中，由于动词和介词的关系

11、比较紧密，一般不能将介词与动词拆开而将介词提到关系代词之前。这类短语动词有listen to/look at/depend on/take care of/look into/break into/get rid of/look forwardto等。This is the roomwhich/thatLu Xun used to live in.=This is the room in whichLu Xun used to live.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房间。The man介词加关系代词引导的定语从句（二）例句：1) Have you ever dreamed of playing in f

12、ront of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -2) They may startas a group ofhigh-schoolstudents,forwh

13、ompractising their music in someones house is the first step to fame.3) Laterthey maygiveperformancesinpubs or clubs,for whichtheyare paid in cash.4) The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.5) However, after a year or so in

14、 which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs likea real band.6) They produceda new recordin1996,withwhichtheycelebratedtheir former time as a real band.“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句， 是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演化出“

15、介词+关系代词”句型。例如：The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一、基本构成1. “介词 +关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which （指物）或 whom 指人，即：介词 +which/whom。（1） ）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.（2） ）The city in which she lives is far away.（3） ）The littlegirlisreadinga book

16、,inwhichtherearemanycartoons.留意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2. 关系副词when， where， why 可用“介词 which ”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词先行词。其中可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -when=表时间的介词（如： in ，at,on,during等） +wh

17、ich 。Where=表的点的介词（如： in ，at,on,under等） +which。Why=表缘由的介词（如： for）+which(1) 当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词which 来代替关系副词when。 I still remember the day when I came here. on the day=when(2) 当先行词表示的点， 定语从句中缺少的点状语时， 通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示的点的介词which 来代替关系副词where。 Thisis the house where I

18、 lived last year. in thehouse= where(3) 当先行词为reason ，定语从句中缺少表示缘由状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。 There are many reasons why people like traveling.for thereasons =why留意：1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如: look for, lookafter, take care of， pay attention to, look forward to等。 This is the watc

19、h which / that I am looking for.2. “介词 +关系代词”前仍可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词 , 表示先行词的一部分或全部。He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.二介词的挑选依据从句中动词与先行词的规律关系。可编辑资料 - - - 欢

20、迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Eg:Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles. The school which/that he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studiedis very famous.

21、他曾经就读过的学校很出名。2. 依据从句中动词与形容词的搭配。The student to whom I want to be grateful is Tom.3. 依据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：Eg:1949 was the year in which the P.R.C was founded.4. 依据从句的意义来确定介词。My computer, without which I cant play computer games, broke downyesterday.昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能玩电脑嬉戏。5. whose可转换为“ of +关系代词”型。They live

22、in a house, whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south. 三.填空练习1. This is the gun the hunter shot the antelope.2. The athleteshe willcompete come fromGreece and Czech Republic.3. He llneverforge

23、ttheday he was admittedtotheOlympicGames for the first time.4. The musicians we have great interest toured Europe withus.5. The sun gives us heat and light, which we can t live.6. Ill never forget the day whichshe said good-bye to me.学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料

24、- - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -7. Who can give me the reasonwhich he hasn t turned up yet.8. In the dark street, there wasn t a single person she couldturnfor help.9. The man you shook hands just now is our headmaster.10. The room my family live used to be a garage.11. Did yo

25、u find the pen I wrote just now.12. Did you find the paper I wrote my letter.13. Did you find the composition I wrote just now.Keys:1.with which 2.against whom 3.on which 4.in whom 5.without 6.on7.for8.towhom9.withwhom10.inwhich 11.withwhich 12.on which 13.which可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载