初二英语上册----知识点总结.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结初二英语上册（外研版） Module 10 The weather学问点总结一、重点词汇cloud基本用法cloudn. 云,云影When there are black clouds you can tell its going to rain.有乌云的时候,就知道快下雨了。学问拓展 -相关单词cloudyadj.有云的,多云的It was cloudy yesterday.昨天是阴天。shower基本用法showern. 淋浴。阵雨She is taking a shower. 她正在洗淋浴。The weatherman predict shower this aftern

2、oon.气象预报员说,今日下午有阵雨。学问拓展 -相关短语take/have a shower洗淋浴Can I take a shower.我可以洗个澡吗 .snow基本用法1. snown. 雪Last winter the snow lay thick on the ground.去年冬天,的上积雪很厚。2. snowvt. 下雪可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结It was snowing heavily.天正在下大雪。学问拓展 -相关单词snowyadj.下雪的,多雪的 Its cold and snowy in December. 十二月是冰冷多雪的。storm基本用法

3、stormn. 暴风雨In the storm I took shelter under the tree.暴风雨时,我正在树下逃避。学问拓展 -相关单词stormyadj.暴风雨的。猛烈的On a stormy night, people stay at home.在暴风雨的夜晚,人们都呆在家里。rainy基本用法rainyadj. 下雨的,有雨的He visited her on a rainy morning.他在一个下雨的早晨去拜望了她。学问拓展 -相关单词1. rainn. 雨The boys went for a walk despite of the rain.尽管下雨,孩子们仍

4、是去漫步。2. rainv. 下雨If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well have a picnic.假如明天不下雨,我们就去野餐。sunny基本用法sunnyadj.晴朗的,阳光明媚的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结What a sunny day.真是个晴朗的日子！学问拓展 -相关单词sunn. 太阳The sun shines upon the river.阳光映射在江面上。windy基本用法windyadj.有风的,多风的In spring, its warm, sunny and windy.春天是一个温和、多日照和多风的季节。学问拓展 -相

5、关单词windn. 风A gust of wind blew my hat off.一阵大风吹走了我的帽子。skate原文再现I m going to the park to skate.我去公园滑冰。基本用法skatev. 滑冰In winter, many people skate on the lake.冬天时,很多人在湖上溜冰。The ice is too thin to skate on. 冰太薄,不能在上面溜冰。学问拓展 -相关短语go skating去滑冰Would you like to go skating with me.你想和我去溜冰吗？出题建议可编辑资料 - - - 欢

6、迎下载精品名师归纳总结当词表选为： go fishing/shopping/skating/,题型可挑选单项、 完成句子,同时在关键词中输入： skating 。thick原文再现There s thick ice on the lake.湖上有厚厚的冰。基本用法thickadj. 厚的,浓密的He put on a thick sweater since it was cold in the morning.早晨很冷,他穿上了一件厚毛衣。学问拓展 -反义词thinadj. 薄的,瘦的The ice is too thin to bear your weight.冰太薄,承担不了你们的重量。j

7、oke原文再现Are you joking.你是在开玩笑吗？基本用法1. joken. 玩笑,笑话He closed his speech with a funny joke.他用一就好玩的笑话终止了演讲。2. jokev. 说笑话,讲笑话The children are joking about his old hat.孩子们正拿他那顶旧帽子开玩笑。学问拓展 -相关短语play jokes on sb开某人的玩笑Do your friends play jokes on you on April Fools Day.你的伴侣愚人节跟你开玩笑吗？might原文再现And it soucdl y

8、 too, so it might snow.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结而且今日阴天,因此可能会下雪。基本用法mightaux.表示可能He may know the answer.他可能知道答案。学问拓展might 作为情态动词,仍表示恳求答应,语气较may 更委婉。Might I sit here.我可以坐在这里吗 .I wonder if I might ask you for a favor.不知能否请你帮个忙。出题建议题型可挑选：单项、完成句子,并在关键词中输入：might 。temperature原文再现What s the temperature.温度是多少

9、？基本用法temperaturen. 温度,气温Her temperature came down in the evening.到了晚上她的体温就降下来了。学问拓展 -相关短语take one s temperature量体温I feel I have a fever. I need to take my temperature.我感觉发烧了,我需要量一下体温。minus原文再现It s between minus eight and minus two degrees.零下八度到零下二度之间！基本用法可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1. minusadj.负的。减的The

10、temperature is minus twenty degrees.温度是零下二十度。2. minusprep. （表示运算）减去 One minus one is zero.1 减 1 等于 0 。degree原文再现It s between eight and minus two degrees.零下八度到零下二度之间！基本用法degreen. 数 度,度数。程度。学位Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius.（degree 做“度数 ”讲） 水在摄氏零度结冰。They cannot be trusted in the slightest degree.（d

11、egree 做“程度 ”讲）对他们一点也不能信任。To do this job, you must have a degree in English.（ degree 做“学位 ”讲） 从事这个工作你必需具有英语专业的高校学位。although原文再现Not usually, although this year it snowed quite a lot.通常不是的,虽然今年下了很多。基本用法althoughconj.虽然。尽管,引导让步状语从句They are generous although they are poor.他们虽穷却大方。Although he worked hard,

12、he failed in the exam.虽然他很努力,但他考试没有及格。wet原文再现Most Decembers are wet and rainy.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结大部分时候, 12 月份都是潮湿有雨的。基本用法wetadj. 潮湿的,多雨的If the weather is wet or cold choose an indoor activity.假如碰上下雨天或是寒冷天气,就挑选一项室内活动。学问拓展 -反义词dryadj. 干燥的,干旱的After these dry days, everyone hopes for rain.干燥的天气之后,人

13、人都期望下雨。neither原文再现Me neither.我也不喜爱。基本用法neither的词性和用法较多1. pron.两者都不Neither of my parents enjoys music.我父母都不喜爱音乐。2. adj.两者都不的 Neither chair is comfortable. 两把椅子坐起来都不舒适。3. adv.也不He hasnt got a ticket and neither have I.他没有票,我也没有。本句中 neither 也是副词词性,表示 “也不 ”。学问拓展 -相关短语1. neither of指“两个都不 ” Neither of my

14、sisters drinks coffee. 我的两个姐妹都不喝咖啡。2. neither o指r “既不 也不 ”,用于连接两个并列成分。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结It is neither hot nor cold in winter here.这里冬天既不热也不冷。terrible原文再现Rainy weather is terrible.下雨天很糟糕！基本用法terrible adj. adj.可怕的。很糟的What terrible weather.多坏的天气啊！The terrible accident made 3 people die and a numb

15、er of people injured.那场可怕的事故造成3 人死亡,多人受伤。学问拓展 -相关单词terriblyadv.很。特别。特别糟糕的My son has suffered terribly. He has lost his best friend. 我儿子遭受了庞大痛楚,他失去了最要好的伴侣。 wish原文再现I wish I were in Australia now.我期望我现在在澳大利亚。基本用法1. wishv. 希望,问候,常用于“ wish sb. n./adj. 表示 ”“希望某人 ”。Wish you happiness.祝你欢乐！Wish you a pleas

16、ant trip.祝你旅途开心！wish 接从句时,需采纳虚拟语气。(1) 与过去事实相反,句子结构为：had +过去分词 /would / could / might / should + have +过去分词。(2) 与现在事实、将来事实相反,句子结构为：过去时be用 were 。I wish I were a grown-up now.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结我期望我现在是个大人。I wish she had told me the truth.我期望她告知我实情。2. wishn. 希望,祝愿His wish to be an actor has come tr

17、ue.他想当演员的愿望实现了。Best wishes.致以最良好的希望！probably原文再现It s probably sunny and hot there.那可能阳光明媚,天气温和。基本用法probablyadv.大致。或许He will probably not agree with the plan as it cost more money.他可能不同意这个方案,由于需要花更多钱。学问拓展相关单词probable adj.可能的,可能发生的 It is not probable that he will succeed. 他不会胜利。词义辨析： maybe/perhaps/pos

18、sibly/probably这些副词均有 “或许,大致 ”之意。maybe ：一般用词,美国英语多用。指某事或许如此,含不能确定意味。perhaps ：一般用词,多用于英国,与maybe 同义。possibly ：指客观上潜存着发生某种变化的可能。probably ：一般指依据规律推理,估量有发生的可能,把握性较大,语气比possibly 强。come on原文再现Come on, better get going.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结好了,走吧！基本用法come on开头。快点。前进Come on Doreen, lets dance.来吧,多琳,我们跳舞吧。Co

19、me on, Bill. Send Tom a card and make him happy.来吧,比尔。给汤姆寄张卡片让他兴奋兴奋吧。学问拓展 -词义辨析： come 词组1. come about发生How did this come about.这事是怎么发生的 .2. come across偶然遇到We came across an old man lying in the road.我们碰见一位老人躺在路上。3. come back回来She came back two hours later.她两小时后回来了。4. come from来自She comes from Americ

20、a.她来自美国。round原文再现The weather is fine all year round.天气全年都很好。基本用法1. roundadv.环绕的He stood there looking all round.他站在那儿环顾四周。“ all year round 意为”：全年,一整年。He makes a lot of money all year round.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结一年到头他赚了很多钱。Prices have kept up all year round.全年物价始终居高不下。2. roundadj.圆的He put the apple

21、s on a round plate.他把苹果放在一个圆盘子里。3. prep.环绕,在另一侧He walked round the corner into the next street.他走过拐角,到了另一条街上。northwest原文再现In Seattle, in the northwest, it is not very cold but it rains a lot, so bring an umbrella.在西雅图西北部,天气不是很冷但常常下雨,因此要带雨伞。基本用法1. northwestn. 西北,西北方There is a large hilly area in the

22、northwest.西北部有一大片丘陵的带。2. northwest adj.西北的,来自西北的The northwest wind will spring up this evening.今日傍晚将开头刮西北风。学问拓展 -相关单词northeastn.东北,东北方adj.东北的,来自东北的southwestn.西南,西南方adj. 西南的,来自西南的southeastn.东南,东南方adj. 东南的,来自东南的from time to time原文再现There are storms from time to time in summer and autumn.夏秋季不时有暴风雨。基本用法

23、from time to time不时,有时可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Her daughters visited him from time to time when he was ill.他生病的时候她的女儿们常常去探望他。From time to time, I get a letter from my former student.有时我会收到以前同学寄来的信。二、重点句型And it s cloudy too, so it mightsnow.并且天气多云,因此可能下雪。基本用法本句是由 so 连接的并列句,表示因果关系。might 表示 “可能 ”但可能性较小。

24、It was snowing, so I could not go out.天在下雪,所以我无法外出。The younger people might not like the idea.年轻一些的人可能不喜爱这个想法。What s the weather like in America in winter, Betty.贝蒂,美国冬天的天气如何？基本用法本句是询问天气的句型,也可以用“ How is the weather in America in winter.”- How is the weather.天气如何？- Its sunny.晴天。同时, “ What is lik？e ”除

25、了可以提问天气外,仍可以用来询问“人像什么样,什么模样,怎样的”。-What is your teacher like？ 你老师是怎样一个人？-She is very kind and beautiful.她既和善又美丽。出题建议题型挑选单项、完成句子,关键词中输入：what is like 。I like sunny weather, and I like snow as well.我喜爱晴朗的天气,也喜爱下雪。基本用法as well 表示 “也”,放在句末。I write my own songs and I play the guitar as well.我唱自己谱曲的歌,也弹吉他。可编

26、辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学问拓展词义辨析： as well/as well asas well as意为： “也”不“仅 而且 ”,意同 “ not only but als具o有连”词性。 She is my friend as well as my doctor.他不仅是我的医生,也是我的伴侣。as well意为 “也”具有副词性,大致相当于also或 too 。He can speak Chinese as well.他也能说中文。词义辨析： also/too/ as well1. also 较正式,位置通常靠近动词,用于句中。且用于确定句中。如：He also pl

27、ays football.他也踢足球。2. too多用于口语,通常置于句末,前边须用逗号隔开,也可用于句中,且前后均须用逗号隔开。用于确定句中。He is a worker, too.他也是名工人。3. as well是副词短语,多用于口语,只用于句末。如： She not only taught us English but taught us math as well. 她不但教过我们英语,仍教过我们数学。But I don t like showers or windy weather.但是我不喜爱雷阵雨和刮风的天气。基本含义本句中 or 用于否定句中,连结并列成分,表示“和,与 ”之意

28、。There isnt any air or water on the moon.月球上既没有空气也没有水。The baby is too young. He can t speak or walk.那婴儿太小,他不会说话,也不会走路。学问拓展or 的其他用法1. 用在挑选疑问句中连结被挑选的对象,意为“或者,仍是 ”。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Is he a doctor or a teacher.他是医生仍是老师？Did you do your homework or watch TV last night.你昨晚做作业仍是看电视了？2. 用于句型 “祈使句 +or+

29、 陈述句 ”中,表示在以祈使句为条件下的相反假设,意为“否就,要不然 ”。Work hard, or you will fall behind.你要努力学习,否就会落后。Get up early tomorrow, or you will miss the early train.你明天要早点起身,要不然就赶不上早班火车了。出题建议题型可挑选单项、完成句子等,关键词中输入：or 。Me neither.我也不喜爱。基本用法“ Me neither. 表示”具有跟上文同样的否定情形,意为“我也不 ”。She doesnt like playing baseball. Me neither.她不喜

30、爱打棒球,我也不喜爱。Jack isnt at home. Me neither. 杰克不在家,我也是。学问拓展“ Me too.表”示 “我也一样 ”,用于跟上文具有同样的确定情形。 The woman has been to France. Me too.那位女子去过法国。我也是。He can speak English. Me too. 他会说英语。我也是。It s about 3,000 miles from the east coast to the west coast, so choose carefullythe places to see and the time to go

31、.从东海岸到西海岸绵延3000 多英里,因此要仔细挑选要去看的的方和去的时间。基本用法本句中显现了两个动词不定式“ to see和”“ to go,”它们做定语分别修饰前面的“ the places 和”“ the time。”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结动词不定式做定语,一般都放在被修饰的词之后。We must find a person to do the work.我们必需找一个人来做这个工作。He has a lot of books to read.他有很多书要读。Please give me some paper to write on.请给我写纸,写在上面。文

32、中仍有动词不定式做定语的句子,详细如下：New York and Washington DC are good places to visit in May or October, but in winter there is a lot of snow.纽约和华盛顿是 5 月或 10 月去旅行的好的方,但是冬天的时候多雪。The best time to visit New England is in September.游玩新英格兰最好的时间是9 月。So when is the best time to visit the US. 那么游玩美国最好的时间是什么时候了？The weathe

33、r gets cooler, and the green leaves start to turn gold, then brown.天气变得更凉快,树叶开头变成金黄色,然后变成棕色。基本用法本句中 get 和 turn 都是系动词,表示 “变得 ”。At the news of the plane crash she turned pale. 听到飞机失事的消息她的脸都吓白了。The weather is sure to get better tomorrow.明每天气肯定会变好。学问拓展其他常见的一些系动词1. 状态系动词,只有 be 一词,例如：He is a teacher.他是一名老

34、师。（ is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2. 连续系动词：用来表示主语连续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand,例如: He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持缄默。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3. 表像系动词：用来表示 看起来像 这一概念,主要有 seem, appear, look,例如：He looks tired.他看起来很累。He seems to be very sad.他看起来很难过。4. 感官系动词：感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound

35、, taste,例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。5. 变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。If you want to visit Alaska, you had better go in summer.

36、假如你想游玩阿拉斯加,最好夏天去。基本用法本句中采纳了 if 引导的条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时,主句中使用了情态动词had better 。当主句是如下三种情形时,从句通常用一般现在时：1. 当主句是一般现在时或是一般将来时时。2. 当主句是祈使句时。3. 主句含有情态动词时。本句中从句是一般现在时,主句为祈使句。If she doesnt come, she will be sorry.假如她不来,她会遗憾的。Have a good rest if you are tired.假如累了,你就好好休息一下。We must study hard if we want to pass the

37、final exam.假如想通过期末考试,我们必需努力学习。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Do not forget to bring a warm sweater with you.别忘了带件厚毛衣。基本用法1. 本句中是由 do not 形成的否定祈使句。祈使句的否定形式如下：(1) 直接在句首加 dont或 do not 。Do not come in unless asked.非请莫入。 Don t make noise. 别出噪音。(2) Lets开头的祈使句的否定：直接加not doLets not go home.我们别回家。但是 Let 开头的祈使句的否定：直

38、接在前面加Dont 或在 sb 后面加 not例如： Let him come in.变为 Dont let him come in或 Let him not come in.(3) no 开头的祈使句表示 “禁止,不要 ”,语气较强硬。No smoking.禁止吸烟。2. forget to do sth意为：遗忘做某事（该事尚未发生）,而forget doing sth意为：遗忘做过的事（该事已经发生过了）,二者区分需牢记。He has forgotten to pay me.他遗忘付给我钱了。He has forgotten paying me.他遗忘钱已经付给我了。In Texas a

39、nd southeast, it is usually very hot and sunny compared to other places.德克萨斯和西南部,与其他的方相比,天气通常很热,阳光充分。基本用法本句中 “ compared to other places作为”句子的独立成分来修饰全句,说明说话者的态度、 观点等, 意为：与 相比Compared to ours their house is a palace.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结他们的房子和我们的相比简直太豪华了。My handwriting is good, but it is poor compa

40、red to my fathers.我的书法很好,但与我父亲的相比,我的就很差了。同时,做状语表示 “与 相比较 ”时, compared to=compared with学问拓展 -词义辨析： compare to/compare withcompare with的意思是 “把 跟 比较 ”,一般用于两个同类事物之间,着重区分。compare to的意思是“把比作 看待 ”,一般用于两个不同性质的事物比较。She compares me with my sister.她把我和我妹妹进行比较。We may well compare the little girl to a kitten.我们可

41、能把这个小姑娘比作小猫来看待。Any time you like.任何你喜爱的时间都可以.基本用法本句中 any 用在确定句中,表示“任何的,任一的 ”。Im prepared to take any advice.我情愿接受任何忠告。You are welcome to visit the hospital at any time.你可以随时来医院。三、重点语法may/might表估量的用法基本用法may/might都可表估量,只是might 比 may 语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小。He may /might know the answer.他可能知道答案。And who may /might she be.那么她会哪一位了？在用法方面留意以下几点：1. 后接动词原形,表示对现在或将来的估量：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结You may /might be right.你可能是对的。He may /might tell