考研英语一试卷真题后附答案详解.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -20XX 年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版SectionUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best wordsfor each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.10 pointsCould a hug a day keep the doctor away.The answer may be a resoundingyes. （1）helpi

2、ng you feel close and （2）to people you careabout,it turns out that hugs can bring a （_ 3）of health benefits to your body andmind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you （_ 4）getting sick this winter.In a recent study （5）over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University

3、 in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs （6）the participantssusceptibility to developing thecommon cold after being （7）to the virus.People who perceived greater socialsupport were less likely to come （ 8）with a cold,and the researchers （_ 9）that the s

4、tress-reducing effects of hugging （_ 10） about 32 percent of thatbeneficial effect. （ 11）among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe （ 12） .Hugging protects people who are under stress from the （13）risk for colds thats usually （

5、 14）with stress,notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie,Huggingis a marker of intimacy and help （15）the feeling thatothers are there to help （_ 16）difficulty.Some experts （_ 17）the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging tothe release of oxytocin,often calledthe bonding

6、hormone （_ 18）it promotesattachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 38 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料

7、word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结is released into the bloodstream.But some of it （_（ 20）mood,behavior and physiology.19） in the brain,where it 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1.ABesidesBUnlikeC ThroughoutDDespite2.AequalBrestrictedC connectedDinferior3.AviewBHostC lessonDchoice4.Aa

8、voidBforgetC recallDkeep5.AcollectingBaffectingC guidingDinvolving6.AonBinC atDof7.AdevotedBattractedC lostDexposed8.AalongBacrossC downDout9.AimaginedBdeniedC doubtedDcalculated10.A servedBRestoredC explainedDrequired11.A ThusBStillC RatherDEven12.A defeatsBsymptomsC errorsDtests13.A HighlightedBin

9、creasedC controlledDminimized14.A PresentedBequippedC associatedDcompared15.A assessBGenerateC moderateDrecord16.Ain the name ofBin the form ofC in the face ofDin the way of17.A attributeBcommitC transferDreturn18.A unlessBbecauseC thoughDuntil可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2

10、 页，共 38 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -19.A remainsBemergesC vanishesDdecreases20.A experiencesPart ABcombinesC justifiesSectionReading ComprehensionDinfluencesDirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing

11、 A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1First two hours,now three hoursthis is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some major U.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to to

12、lerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines p

13、ublic support for the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americanseconomic and private lives,not to mention infuriating.Last year,the Transportation Security AdministrationTSAfound in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weaponsboth fake and real past airport s

14、ecurity nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures sincethen,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices,have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline secu

15、rity has become but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 38 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -airline travel,so the TSA is no

16、w rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoidchecked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA

17、could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on trav

18、elers who are higher risk,saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big reason is sticker shock:Passengers must pay$85 every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning,this price tag has

19、 been PreChecks fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of

20、 the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to Aexplain American s tolerance of current security checks. Bstress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.Chighlight the necessity of upgrading m

21、ajor U.S.airports. Demphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 38 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -ANew restriction

22、s on carry-on bags. BThe declining efficiency of the TSA. CAn increase in the number of travellers. DFrequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word“expedited”Liner 4,Para.5is closet in meaning toAquieter. Bcheaper. Cwider. Dfaster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is Aa dramatic reduction of

23、 its scale.Bits wrongly-directed implementation. Cthe governments reluctance to back it. Dan unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text. ALess Screening for More SafetyBPreChecka Belated SolutionCGetting Stuck in Security Lines DUnderused PreChe

24、ck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers”, wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaiis可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 38 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -last reigning monarch,in 1897.Star watchers were among the most es

25、teemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protestshave erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter TelescopeTMT,a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant

26、 volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telesco

27、pes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some

28、blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keasfragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islandsinhabitants.Hawai

29、ian culture is not a relic of the past。 it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspir

30、es astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we e

31、xplore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 38 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -The astronomy community is making compromises to c

32、hange its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number oftelescopes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural s

33、tate.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates Aher conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.Bthe importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.

34、 Cthe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times. Dher appreciation of star watchersfeats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to Aits geographical features.Bits protective surroundings. Cits religious implications. Dits existing infrastructure.28. The constru

35、ction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because Ait may risk ruining their intellectual life.Bit reminds them of a humiliating history. Ctheir culture will lose a chance of revival. Dthey fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today s astr

36、onomy可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 38 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Ais fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians. Bhelps spread Hawaiian culture across the world. Cmay uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.Dwill ev

37、entually soften Hawaiians hostility.30. The author s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of Asevere criticism.Bpassive acceptance. Cslight hesitancy. Dfull approval.Text 3Robert F.Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measur“eseverything except that which makes life worthwhile.

38、”With Britain voting to leave the EuropeanUnion,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things

39、 that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures,the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over 17 million people vote forBrexit,despite the warnings about what it could do

40、 to their countrys economicprospects.A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth intowell-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总

41、结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 38 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over 40 different sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been me

42、asured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2021 global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and educatio

43、n,majoreconomies have continued to decline.Yet this isn t the case with all countries.Somerelatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regard

44、ed asthe sole measure of a country s success,the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environment

45、al quality or education outcomesall things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simplyworrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even seeprogress.31. Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he Apraised the UK for it