英语系动词易错题归纳.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结stay;remain;make;feel;go;get; turn;turn;stand;promise;keep;fall;1. I need to go home and changed before swimming.2. Don t worry. The fruits will fresh for a few day.3. There are so many problems to be settled.4. The house empty.5. Will this fish until tomorrow. Only if you put it in the frid

2、ge.6. Many students ill with flu.7. You are patient. Im sure you will a very good teacher8. It good to lie on the beach.9. Many crimes unreported, which made the police very worried.10. Happy birthday, Alice. So you have 21 already.11. The housewife author, which surprised us a lot.12. Tonight s mee

3、ting to be a difficult one.1. get; 2. stay; 3. remaining 4. stands/stood 5. keep; 6. fell; 7. make; 8. feels; 9. went; 10. turned;11. turned; 12. promises英语系动词的功能主要是把表语（名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句）和它的主语联系在一起，说明主语的属性、特点或状态。它有自己的但不完全的词义，不能在 句中独立作谓语，必需和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。它虽是虚词， 但是其用法是复杂的，而且不行忽视。 很多英语初学者会因此显现这样

4、那样的错误，然而很多语法书却没作特的系统的介绍。 因此，我们有必要小结一下英语系动词用法，以便大家参考。我想从以下四个方面归纳一下英语系动词的用法：I、常见系动词错误及其成因。II 、系动词分类。 III 、系动词用法应留意的8 个问题。 IV 、系动词与高考及其练习。I 、常见系动词错误及其成因：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学英语的中国同学在使用系动词时会遇到以下两个问题：一是有漏掉系动词的倾向性，由于汉语中无系动词，如： I afraid he won t come tomorrowam二是误用系动词，如：His hair changed grey . 混淆了 chan

5、ge 与 turn， growHis hands feel coldly.feel本身作系动词与实义动词的差别不清这主要是由于同学没有把英语中的系动词与实义动词的用法区分开来。二者结构区分如下表，其后所接词性不尽相同，成份也不同。II. 系动词分类：一、依据系动词后所跟结构，我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类：完全系动词（其后只能跟表语的动词，如be, seem）和半系动词（其后既可跟表语作系动词用法，也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用，如look ）He looked sad at the news.（“看起来”，系动词用法）例如： 1）He looked sadly at the boy. “看着”

6、，实义动词用法 He looks a clever boy . （“看起来”，系动词用法）2）He looks at a clever boy. （“看着”，实义动词用法）在英语中， 某一动词是多义词，既有实义动词用法，又有系动词用法。同学务必弄清其二者区分。切忌把二者混为一谈，这也是会考、高考常见考点。此类常见易混词有：changelistenlooktouchturnhearseebecomesoundseemfeeleatcontinuelastremain可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结continuestay tastekeepremainleave二、依据系动词的意

7、义，我们把英语系动词分为四类：A 五大感官系动词B状态系动词 C动态系动词D双谓语系动词A 五大感官系动词，描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来，都是半系动词。 1 look “看起来像是” ，后接 adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful. 这位女孩咬着嘴唇，看上去如有所思。2 smell“闻起来” ，后接 adj. 分词。The flowers smell sweet.这些花气味真香。3 sound“听起来”，后接分词。The music sounds sweet.这首诗听起来真动听。4 taste

8、“尝起来”，后接分词。The apples taste very good.这些苹果很好吃。5 feel “摸起来，给感觉”。“觉得” ，后接 adj./p.p. The silk feels very soft.丝绸摸起来很滑。You will feel better after a night s sleep.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结睡上一晚，你会觉得好些。B状态系动词： 1 be，“是”，属完全系动词。I am a student.我是一个同学。 2 seem,“似乎，似乎” ，完全系动词。They seem quite happy.他们似乎很欢乐。3 appea

9、r,“显得，看起来似乎” ，半系动词。He appeared tired and sleepy.他显得疲惫而且似乎要睡觉了。It appearedto bea true story.看来这是一个真实的故事。The river appears as if enveloped in smog.这条河似乎覆盖在烟雾之中。Now it appears to me that he may play an important part in settling the problem.在我看来，他可能在解决这个问题中起着重要作用。4 keep, “保持的状态” ，半系动词，后接adj 或介词短语。You d

10、 better go to bed and keep warm.你最好躺在床上去温和一下。5 remain,“仍是”，半系动词。Iremained silent.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结我仍旧缄默。6 stay“保持（某种状态） ”，半系动词，后接adj.、过去分词。 The window stayed open all the night.7.prove “证明是” ，半系动词，后接adj.n. The treatment proved to be successful.这种疗法证明是胜利的。C动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程。1 get“变成，变得起来”

11、，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。The days are getting longer and longer.白天变得越来越长了。The train didn t get going again.火车仍没重新启动。It s nothing to get excited about.没啥可因此而兴奋的。 My watch gets out of order. 我的表出毛病了。2 fall “进入（某种状态） ，成为”，后常接以下形容词：asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.The old men, unable to express himself, fel

12、l silent.那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不做声了。My father fell ill and died.我的父亲生病死了。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3 grow “慢慢变得起来，长得”You will grow used to it.你逐步会习惯的。It s growing warm.天气慢慢温和起来了。4 turn“转变成（新的与原先完全不同的颜色或性质），变质（色） ”。Maple trees turn red in autumn.枫叶在秋天变红了。It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turne

13、d fine.今日早上是阴天，幸好已经转晴了。He has turned writer.他已成为一个作家。（留意：此时writer 之前无冠词a.） 5 go，“变成（某种坏的状态）”The telephone has gone dead.电话不通了。The tire went flat.轮胎瘪了。The material has gone a funny colour.这料子的颜色变得古怪了。The thieves must not go unpunished.决不能让这些盗贼逍遥法外。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结go 之后常接的adj. 仍有： bad, blind,

14、wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey, naked 等。 .6 become“变成，成为（好坏均可的情形）”He became angry with me.他对我愤怒了。It became dark.天气晚了。They became good friends. 他们成了好伴侣。I became interested in drawing.我开头对素描感爱好了。7come，“变成为 （已知的状态） ，证明为”，后常接形容词或前缀un- 的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情形的变化。

15、His wish to become a pilot has come true.他想当飞行员的愿望实现了。If you look into the matter, everything will come clear.假如你调查一下这事，一切都会清晰。My shoelaces have come undone.我的鞋带松了。后面常接的形容词仍有：apart, dear（昂贵）， natural, open, short, right （好了）， unstuck（没有粘住）， untied（松开）。8 run,“变成”，后接 adj.The well has run dry.这井已经变干了。可

16、编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The price ran high.价格上升了。9 make，“达到某种状态 后接形容词 ，如 sure, certain, merry, bold, free We must make certain of facts.我们肯定要弄清事实。The Children make free with the apples.孩子们任凭吃苹果。D 双谓语系动词此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义。例如：The run rose red.太阳升起红艳艳。She stopped and stood quite still.她停下来

17、然后一丝不动的站着。The book lay open on the table.那书在桌子上打开着。The snow lay thick on the ground.雪厚厚的积累在的上。He married young.他结婚很早。The window blew open.窗户吹开了。The dog has broken loose.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结狗摆脱锁链了。She blushed as red as a peony.她的脸红得像一朵牡丹花。Lei Feng died young.雷锋早逝。The material has worn thin.这种布料已穿

18、薄了。The weather continued calm.天气仍旧安静。He continued silent.他连续缄默不语。III 系动词用法应留意的八个问题1系动词的进行时态应分情形争论。一般的说， 状态系动词无进行时态，而动态系动词有进行时态，而动态系动词有进行时态。但是在某些情形下，状态系动词也有进行时态，表示两个用途：一是表示一种短暂的、反常的状态。如：He is being kind.他装出和气可亲的样子（一时而不能长久的性质）二是表示一种探询口气，使语言客气、生动、亲切。例如：I hope you are keeping well. （语气委婉） 我期望你保持健康。Are y

19、ou feeling any better. （语气亲切） 你感觉好了些吗？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结试比较：Your hand feels cold. （无意识的静态性质。 ） 你的手摸起来冰凉。不行以说：Your hand is feeling cold. 但可以说：The doctor is feeling her pulse.（有意识的动态动作）医生正在给她拿脉。The soup tastes good.（静态性质，无进行时） 这汤的味道不错。The cook is tasting the soup. （动态动作，有进行时） 厨师在尝汤的味道。总之，系动词有无进行

20、时态应随系动词的意义或其语境变化而变化。我们在概述某一动词的 进行时态时，不能笼统的说feel， smell 无进行时，应指出其意义及其语用环境。例如smell 的用法可见一斑。smell 作“嗅觉”的才能时，虽是实义动词，但指的是一种性质的存在状态不能用于进行时态，常与can, could, be able to 连用。The camels can smell the water a mile off.骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。指“嗅、闻”的动作时，实义动词，可用于进行时态。The girl is smelling the flower.这姑娘正在闻那朵花。smell 指“含有气味” ，“发出

21、气味”等事物性质时，半系动词，无进行时态。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The dinner smells good.这饭菜闻起来真香。2系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题。某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn 等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用，表示渐进过程，其意思是“越来越”。例如：He is growing taller and taller.他长得越来越高了。Our life is getting better and better.我们的生活是越来越好了。The things are getting worse.情形是越来

22、越糟了。3全部半系动词的被动语态要分情形争论。英语中某动词在作系动词用时，无被动语态，而作实义动词用时，才有被动语态，二者不行混为一谈。例如：不能说：The apple is tasted good.（由于 taste 此时是系动词， “尝起来”之意，指的是苹果的性质，无被动语态） 但我们可以说：The apple is tasted by me.这苹果被我尝了一下。（taste 此时指“尝一尝”这一动作，有被动语态）因此，在平常的英语教学和学习之，要有意留意半系动词在详细的语言环境中究竟是系动词用法仍是实义动词用法，要留意区分、识别。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结4瞬时动态

23、系动词能否与时间段连用的问题英语中某些表示瞬时意义的系动词不能与“ for+ 时间段，since+时间点，how long until+ 时间 ,by+ 时间， so far”等直接连用。例如：不能说： He has become a teacher for 2 years.应改为： He has been a teacher for 2 years.不能说： He has turned writer since 3 years ago. 应改为： He has been a write since 3 years ago. 或 It is two years since he turned

24、writer.不能说： He got angry until his child came back home.应改为： He didn t get angry until his child came back home. 5系动词能接几种表语（从句）系动词除了接adj.n.prep. 短语，某些adv.以外，仍可接以下几种表语形式：能接 asif/as though 表语从句的系动词有：look （看起来）， smell（闻起来）， sound（听起来）， feel（觉得）。 appear（显得）， seem（似乎）。例如：It looks as if we are going to ha

25、ve snow.看样子天要下雪了。He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.他看来似乎刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的。She seemed as if though she couldn t understand why Laura was there.看来她似乎不能懂得为什么劳拉呆在那儿。It sounds to me as though there s a tap running somewhere.我似乎听到某处水龙头流水的声音。She felt as if her head were splitti

26、ng.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结她似乎觉得她的头要裂开了。The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.那条河似乎覆盖在烟雾之中。It seems as if it were spring already.似乎已是春天了。可用于“ It+ 系动词 +that 从句”结构的有：seem, appear, 不行用 be, look 。如： It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.似乎他在工作中犯了严峻错误。It appeared that he was t

27、alking to himself.似乎他在自言自语。能用不定式作表语的系动词有：be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow. Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照管孩子们。He seems not to look after the children.他似乎不是她的父亲。He looks to be a young girl of twenty. 他看起来像是一个20 岁的年轻姑娘。 He didn t appear to dislike it.看不出他憎恨此事。My advice proved to

28、be wrong.我的建议证明是错误的。He will grow to like this work gradually.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结他会逐步喜爱这个工作的。能与 there 连用的系动词有：be, appear, seem.There appeared to be only one room.那儿似乎只有一个房间。There seemsto beno need to go.似乎没有必要走。6能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个：seem, appear.举例说明：It doesn t seem that we can get our money back.= I

29、t seems that we can t get our money back.He seems not to be her father.= He doesnt seem to be her father.The baby doesn t appear to be awake.= The baby appears not to be awake. 7后接作表语的过去分词可构成系表结构能构成系表结构的系动词通常有两个：第一个是常见的beis, am, was 等。其次个是get，口语中常用。 当二者作系动词用时，它们均表示一种存在状态，而不表示被动动作。当二者作助动词用时，后接作谓语的过去分

30、词构成被动语态。Be + P.P 常可以用get + P.P.来代替，但是并不是be 系动词总是可以用get 来代替。 Get + P.P.系表结构常用于以下两种情形： 1）表示偶然的、突发性的、意想不到的被动动作的结果或状态。Last night I got caught in the downpour.昨夜我被雨淋了（表示意想不到）The new car got scratched.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结新车给刮坏了。 （表突发性）2）表示对自身所作的事。如get dressed, get lost 等。 John got wounded while playin

31、g football last Saturday.约翰上周星期六踢足球时受了伤。They got married last month.他们上个月结婚了。另外，要留意区分系表结构与被动语态结构的用法。8几组易混系动词的区分系动词的区分主要从两个方面作比较，一是其意义，二是其结构。1） get, become, go, turn, grow “变成”。get：“变得”口语。后接形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式作表语，但不能与名词直接连用。become：“变成，成为（好坏情形均可）。”后接形容词、名词、过去分词作表语，不能与不定式连用。go：“变成（某种由好到坏的情形）”，后接形容词、

32、过去分词、名词作表语。Turn ： “转变成”强调与原先不同的、新的变化，如变质、变色等。后接形容词、不带冠词的名词作表语，后不接不定式。grow ： “逐步变得” ，强调其变化过程。后接形容词、分词、不定式，不行直接跟名词。以上词的例子见前面相关词例。2） look, seem, appear“似乎”三者作系动词时在意义上的区分：look ：“似乎， 看起来”，一般用于非正式场合，侧重指从本身外表特点上由视觉得到的印象。seem ：“似乎，似乎” ，指说话人内心的估量与判定，有肯定依据，接近于实际情形。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Appear ：“显得，似乎” ，常用于正

33、式文体中，指某事物或人给他人的表面印象，有时含有实质上并非如此之意。例如：He looks like his father.（指其长相看起来相像）He seems like his father.（指说话人从个性方面得到的判定）He appears like his father. （指他的外貌、衣着给他人的印象）三者作系动词时在结构上的区分：现列表分析三者之后所接成份（可带者打“”，不行接者打“” ）。例句见前面相关词例。3） keep, remain, stay“保持状态” keep系 动 词 用 时 “ 保 持状 态 ”， 后 接adj. 或 介 词 短 语 其 后 常 见 ：alive

34、,awake,cheerful,silent,dry,well,fit,fine,close,clean,happy,firm in one s stand 等。 Have you kept well all these years.这些年来你身体好么？I hope it will keep fine.我期望天气连续好下去。In order to keep fit, all students go in for sports. 为了保持健康，全部同学都参与体育运动。We d better keep in touch.我们最好保持联系。remain ，系动词“仍旧存在状态”，后接 adj.、过去

35、分词、名词或介词短语，强调某种状态前后无变化。The door remained closed.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结门仍旧关着。Kosovo intensity remained high.科索沃局势仍旧高度紧急。Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.彼得当了法官，而约翰照旧是渔民。Your room remains like this.你的房间照旧是这样子。stay，作系动词用时“保持状态”，后接形容词、分词。That fellow stayed single.那个小伙子仍保持单身。The door

36、stayed closed.门始终关着（无比较的连续状态）It s easy to stay hidden.躲起来很简单。Please stay seated.请连续坐着。后常接的形容词有：calm, clean, fresh, healthy, tight, young, open, awake, still, warm, fine, as high as,常可与 keep 互换。如：Stay/keep calmclean, fine, healthy, awake 等 IV .系动词与高考及其练习1.系动词显现于单项挑选题中 The story sounds MET 89A. to be

37、trueB. as trueC. being trueD. true可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Those oranges taste MET 91A. goodB. wellC. to be goodD. to be well-Are you feeling .-Yes, I m fine now/NMET92A. anywellB. any betterC. quitegoodD. quite better-Can I join the club, Dad.-You can when you a bit older.NMET 94A. getB. willgetC. g

38、etD. will have got -Do you like the material.-Yes, it very soft.NMET 94A. is feelingB. feltC. feelsD. is felt可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I love to go to the seaside on Summer. It sea.NMET 96A. doesB. feelsC. getsD. makesgood to lie in the sun or swim in the cool可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Cleaning women in

39、big cities usually get by the hour.NMET 98A. payB. payingC. paidD. to payWhy don t you put the meat in the fridge. It will for several days.NMET2003）A. be stayedB. stayC. be stayingD. have stayed以上七题答案分别如下：1.D, 2.A, 3.B, 4.A, 5.C, 6.B, 7.C, 8.B2.系动词与短文改错（ NMET 96 ）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结They eager

40、to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.were NMET 97I d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.be3.系动词巩固练习挑选填空：请在A 、B、 C、D 四个选基中选出正确答案。 What you have said .A is sounded interestingB sounds interesting C sound interestedD listens interested The class be

41、gins. Please keep .A silentB silenceC the silenceD silently Look. Several people in the crowd seemed . A to be fightingB to have foughtC being foughtD having fought How the song she sings sounds. I have never a better voice. A beautifully, soundedB beautiful, soundedC sweet, listened toD sweet, heard Her feeling about the marriage rather strange. A is lookedB is seemedC seemsD is appeared The new shirt right.A doesn t feelB isn t felt C isn t feelingD doe