高中英语构词法总结.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结1转化法（ conversion）在英语中,一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。1. 动词转化为名词Let me have a try.让我试试。They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。2. 名词转化为动词He shouldered his way through the crowd.他用肩膀推开人群前进。The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。3. 形容词转化为

2、动词We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。They tried to perfect the working conditions.他们努力改善工作条件。4. 形容词转化为名词He didn t know the difference between right andwrong.他不辨是非。The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。5. 形容词转化为副词How long have you lived there.你

3、在那儿住多久了？6. 个别词在肯定场合中可转化为名词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.穿温和的衣服到山区去是必需的。Life is full of ups and downs.人生有满意时也有失意时。His argument contains too many ifs and buts.他的辩论中含有太多的“假如”和“但是”。2合成法（ composition ）由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词,这种构词法叫做合成法, 合成的词叫做合成词（ compounds ）。合成词的写法由习惯打算,

4、可以写在一起,也可以用连词符号连接。1. 合成名词名词 / 代词 +名词newspaperblood-testshe-wolf动词 +名词typewriterpickpocketdaybreak形容词 +名词greenhousehighway副词 +名词overcoatoutside名词 +v.-ing/v.-ing +名词handwritingreading-roomfreezing-point动词 +副词/副词 + 动词breakthroughget-togetheroutbreakoutcome名词 +介词+名词sister-in-laweditor-in-chief2. 合成形容词名词

5、 +形容词 / 形容词 +名词world-famousduty-freelarge-scalelong- term副词 +形容词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结over-anxiousevergreen名词 +过去分词man-madesun-burnt名词 +现在分词peace-lovingEnglish-speaking形容词 +现在分词good-lookingeasy-going副词 +过去分词well-informedwidespread副词 +现在分词hardworkingfar-reaching形容词 +名词 +edwarm-heartedabsent-minded数

6、词 +名词+edthree-leggedten-storied数词 +名词one-wayfive star数词 +名词+形容词ten-year-old800-meter-long名词 +to+名词face to-facedoor - to -door3. 合成动词名词 +动词baby-sitsleepwalk副词 +动词outnumberunderestimateoverwork形容词 +动词whitewash4. 合成副词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结形容词名词meanwhileanyway形容词副词everywhereanyhow副词副词however介词名词before

7、handoverhead介词副词forever5. 合成代词代词宾格 self/selves herselfthemselves物主代词 self/selves myselfyourselves形容词名词anythingnothing6. 合成介词副词名词insideoutside介词副词withoutwithin副词介词into3派生法由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。1. 前缀可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结除少数前缀外,前缀一般转变单词的意义,但不转变单词的词性。（1） 表示否定意义的前缀un-unhappyunfinishedun

8、dress dis- disagreedisbelieveinil- 在字母 l 前 , im- 在字母 m,b,p前 , ir 在字母 r 前 -inaccurateillegalimpoliteimbalanceirregularmis-misbehavemisleadmistake non-nonstopnonsmoker（2） 表示其他意义的前缀en-“使”enrichenlargeencourage inter- “相互”internationalintercontinental re- “再,又,重”rethinkretellrecycletele-“远程的”telescopete

9、lephonetelegraph auto- “自动的”automaticautomobileco-“共同”coworkercooperate coexistanti- “反对,抗击”antiwarantifreezeantinuclear multi- “多”multistory multiculturalmulticolorbi-“双,二” bicycle bilingualbilateralmicro- “微小的,微小的”microwavemicrocomputer over- “太多,过分”overworkoverdooverestimateself-“自己,本身”self-cente

10、red self-confidentself-controlunder-“ 在下面, 下的, 不足的” underline, underground,underestimate, underrate可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2. 后缀（1） 形容词后缀-able “可的,具有的”acceptabledrinkableknowledgeablereasonable-al“与有关的”physical, magical, political-an“属于某的方的人”AmericanAfrican-ern“方向”southern, northern, eastern-ful/ le

11、ss “（没）有的”helpful, useful,homeless, hopeless-ish“如的。有特点的”foolishchildishselfish-ive“有倾向的”activeattractiveexpensive-en“由制成的”goldenwoodenwoolen-ous“有（性质）的”famous, dangerous, poisonous-ly “有性质的”friendlyyearlydaily-y“构成形容词”noisydustycloudy（2） 名词后缀-er / or “表人或用具”farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker

12、, container-ese“某国（人）的”Chinese, Japanese-ian“某国、某的人。熟知的人”musician, Asian, Russian, technician-ist“某种主义或职业者”physicist, scientist, communist , socialist-ess“表女性,雌性”hostess, actress, princess-ment “行为或其状态”government, movement, achievement-ness“性质,状态”illness, sadness, carelessness-tion “动作,过程,结果”inventi

13、on, organization, translation可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结-ance/ ence “抽象。行为、性质、状态”importance, appearance, absence, existence-th “性质、情形”depth, warmth, truth-ful “（满的）量”handful, spoonful, mouthful-ability “抽象、性质、状态”possibility, disability, reliability-al“过程、状态”survival, arrival, approval-y“性质、情形”modesty,

14、delivery, honesty-dom “处于状态。性质”freedom, boredom-age“状态,行为,身份及其结果”courage, storage, marriage（3） 动词后缀-fy / ify “使得。变得”simplify, beautify, purify-en“使成为。变得”shorten, deepen, sadden-ize“使成为”apologize, realize, specialize（4） 副词后缀-ly“方式,程度”freely, truly, angrily wards “向”towards, forward, upwards（5） 数词后缀-teen “十几”fourteen, eighteen, thirteen-ty “整十位数”forty, fifty, sixty可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结-th “序数词”twelfth, twentieth可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载