高中英语必修知识点总结.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结高中英语必修 1（北师大版） Unit 2 Heroes学问点总结一、重点词汇calm 基本用法1. calm adj.冷静的,冷静的We should keep calm when we are in danger.当我们处于危急的时候,要保持冷静。2. calm v. 使 安静。 使 冷静Moved by what she said, he could hardly calm down.由于被她那些话所感动 , 他很难安静下来。 学问拓展相关短语calm down安静下来keep/ remain calm保持冷静calm sb./sth. down使.安静下来Calm do

2、wn. Dont get soagitated. 冷静下来！别那么兴奋。It is important to keep calm in an emergency.情形紧急的时候,保持冷静是重要的。He read the children a story to calm them down.他给孩子们讲故事,让他们安静下来。词汇辨析： calm/quiet/still/silent这些词均含有”安静的,无声无息“的意思。calm:一般用词, 既可指天气、海洋等的安静状态, 又可指人的冷静冷静、不慌乱,不受外界影响和心情支配。quiet:一般用词,指没有热闹、活动或骚乱的安静状态。可编辑资料 -

3、- - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结still:指安静而又安定的状态。silent:一般用词,指缄默不语或无声无息。generous基本用法generousadj大方的,大方的。大量的,丰富的It was generous of you to lend them your new car for their holiday.你特别大方,能把你的新车借给他们去度假。He is generous in giving help with money.他乐于在金钱上供应帮忙。a generous gift/ offer/ increase丰厚的礼物 /大方的提议 / 大量的增加a generous min

4、d/spirit高尚的心 /精神学问拓展 -相关单词generouslyadv.大方的。宽宏大量的（反义词selfishly ）generosityn. 大方,大方。宽宏大量I felt guilty saying that, playing on her generosity.我说这话是利用了她的大方,对此我感到愧疚。He treated them with generosity and thoughtfulness.他待他们宽容大度、爱护周到。violent基本用法violent adj. 暴力的。猛烈的,猛烈的。猛烈的Violent criminals like that are dan

5、gers to society. 那种暴力罪犯对社会是一种危害。He is suffering from violent pains.他承担着极度的痛楚。学问拓展 -相关单词violentlyadv.暴力的。猛烈的。猛烈的violencen. 暴力。暴行。猛烈可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The wind blew with great violence.风反常猛烈的吹着。The young man was charged with robbery with violence.这个年轻人被控暴力抢劫。The act of violence made people boil w

6、ith anger.这种强暴的行为令人发指。They are violently opposed to the idea.他们猛烈反对这个想法。character 原文再现the main character from a story故事中的主角 基本用法charactern.人物,角色。性质。特色。性格。汉字,字体He is a man of strong character.他是一个个性很强的人。The characters look like small pictures.汉子看起来像一幅幅小画。Ifindallthe charactersin his new novel amusing

7、 and interesting.我发觉他新小说中的人物都很风趣,逗人。When they pulleddownthe old house in the centerof the town, the whole character ofthe place was changed.他们拆掉市镇中心的旧房后,该的的特色完全转变了。explore原文再现When the spaceship was doing its seventh circle, Yang Liwei showed the flags of China andthe United Nations, expressing the w

8、ishes of the Chinese people to explore and use the space peacefully.太空船飞到第七圈时,杨利伟在飞船上展现了中国国旗和联合国旗,表达了中国人民和平开发,利用可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结太空的意愿。基本用法explorev. 探究。探测。探险The city is best explored on foot。最好是徒步考察这个城市。As soon as we arrived on the island,we were eager to explore.我们一来到岛上就急不行耐的考察起来。学问拓展相关单词exp

9、lorer n. 探险者exploration n. 勘探。探究,探究exploratory adj.探究的,探究的。探测的词义辨析： explore/uncover/discover1. explore指通过科学方法或旅行去发觉尚未知晓的领域或的方,表示“探究”的意思 :Scientists launched rockets to explore space.科学家发射火箭以探测太空。2. uncover意为“揭去的掩盖物。使露出。揭露”: Agents haveuncovereda plot against the President. 特工发觉了一个反对总统的阴谋。3. discover

10、指发觉原已存在但未被人知道的事物,作“发觉,发觉”解:Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布在 1492 年发觉了美洲。Do you ever discover who did it. 你曾察觉到那是谁干的么？peacefully原文再现When the spaceship was doing its seventh circle, Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations, expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to expl

11、ore and use the spacepeacefully.太空船飞到第七圈时,杨利伟在飞船上展现了中国国旗和联合国旗,表达了中国人民和平开发,利用可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结太空的意愿。基本用法peacefullyadv. 和平的,爱好和平的。安静的,安静的I dont know why they always argue with each other and cant live peacefully.我不知道为什么他们总是彼此争执,不能和平相处。学问拓展相关单词peacen. 和平,安静。平和peacefuladj.和平的,爱好和平的。安静的China is a

12、peaceful country and Chinese people are very friendly.中国是一个爱好和平的国家,中国人民都很友好。相关短语in peace处于和平的状态。安静的 He cant live in peace with his neighbors. 他不能和他的邻居和平共处。reporter原文再现He told reporters later.他后来告知记者 .基本用法reportern. 作报告的人。作报道的人 ; 记者。通讯员。新闻广播员Our reporter was the first person on the scene.我们的记者是最先到达出事

13、的点的。That reporter has a nose for news. 那位新闻记者对新闻特殊敏锐。学问拓展 -词义辨析： reporter/journalistreporter news reporter新“闻记者 ”,特指外出采访的记者。journalist记者“”泛指新闻工作者,如报纸的编辑、采访记者、摄影记者都可以叫journalist 。atmosphere原文再现As Yang Liwei returned into the earths atmosphere, helicopters were flying to where he would land,可编辑资料 - -

14、- 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结ready to collect him.当杨利伟返回的球大气层时,直升机已飞到着陆点,做好接他的预备。基本用法atmospheren.空气。大气压。环境。风气。气氛,氛围The talks proceeded in a friendly atmosphere.会谈在友好的气氛中进行。They left the lights down to create a comfortable atmosphere.他们让灯光保持暗淡以制造一种舒服的气氛。I went out of the meeting room; the atmosphere there smothered

15、 me.我走出了会议室,那里的气氛令我透不过气来。The atmosphere of the city is very much polluted. 那个城市的空气受到严峻污染。wave原文再现When Yang Liwei climbed out of the spaceship, he smiled and waved to the crowds waiting for him.当杨利伟走出飞船时,他面带微笑并向等待他的人群挥手致意。基本用法wavev. 挥手示意。致意n. 波。波浪Bill waved his hand to us and then drove away. 比尔向我们挥手

16、辞别后开车走了。A wave broke across the surface of the pool.一个波浪从池水表面拂过。The flag waved in the wind.旗帜在风中飘扬。The boat was smashed by a huge wave.小船被一个巨浪掀翻胃。found原文再现He led the 1911 revolution and founded the first republic of China.他领导了 1911 年的革命,建立了第一个共和国- 中华民国。基本用法可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结foundvt. 建立,创立,创办Hi

17、s family founded the college in 1912.他的家族在 1912 年创立了这个学院。The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949 年。注: found 与 find 的过去式,过去分词的形式相同,它的过去式和过去分词是founded 。学问拓展词义辨析found创建,建立（组织,机构,国家,学校等）build建设,建造（详细的或抽象事物）put up建造,搭起（建造高于的面的建筑物） set up开设,建立 （生意,公司,公益医院） form构成,形成 （关系网,观点,习惯等） s

18、et up a flag竖起旗帜put up a tent搭起帐篷found a institute建立争论院build some hospitals建一些医院form a habit/an opinion养成习惯,形成观点相关单词foundern. 创始人,奠基人foundationn. 基础。奠基。基金会The rumor is totally without foundation.谣言纯粹是无中生有。equal原文再现His first victory was to win the equal rights for blacks to sit on buses.他的第一个成功是为黑人赢得

19、了坐公共汽车的公平权益。基本用法equaladj. 相等的。公平的。胜任的Woman demand equal pay for equal work.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结妇女们要求同工同酬。All men are born equal.人人生而公平。China has always insisted that all countries, big or small, should be equal.中国历来主见国家不分大小,应当一律公平。学问拓展相关单词equalvt. 等于。比得上n. 对手。匹敌。同辈。相等的事物equalityn. 公平。相等。胜任equall

20、yadv.公平的。相等的。均等的He has no equal in music.他在音乐方面没有匹敌。However, it is equally important to you, the customer that each message is sent only once.但是,对您（客户）而言,同样重要的是每条消息只发送一次。The new law provided for equality of human rights.新法律规定人人有公平的权益。相关短语be equal to（doing ） sth.等于。胜任（做）某事Im not equal to the position

21、.我胜任不了那个职位。Twenty-five added to fifteen is equal to forty. 15 和 25 相加等于 40 。struggle原文再现After some struggle, blacks and whites were able to sit together on buses.经过一番斗争,黑人与白人都能一起坐在公交车上了。基本用法strugglevi. n.搏斗。斗争。拼搏In 1862 ,the American slaves won their struggle for freedom.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1862

22、 年,美国黑奴赢得了争取自由的斗争。They struggled through two years of the worst time.他们度过了他们一生中最贫寒的两年。This is the cause for which we have been struggling.这就是我们始终为之奋斗的事业。学问拓展相关短语struggle against为反对 而斗争struggle with与打架, 与斗争 / 在内心与 自己、自己的良心等 进行斗争struggle for为而斗争He struggled against those who opposed his plan.他与那些反对他的方

23、案的人进行了斗争。After struggling with myself for some days, I decided to accept his proposal.经过好几天的思想斗争,我打算接受他的求婚。We should help those who are still struggling for liberation.我们应当帮忙那些仍在为独立而斗争的人们。词义辨析： struggle/fightstruggle/fight两个词均有“战役,战争”之意。struggle: 指猛烈或时间连续长的战役或奋力斗争。fight: 最一般用词,含义广,指战役、斗争或打斗。march原文再

24、现He organised a march to Washington in 1963.他在 1963 年组织了到华盛顿的游行。基本用法marchn. 行军。行进。游行抗议The soldiers had a long march to reach the camp before the night fell.士兵们经过长途行军才在黄昏前到达了营的。a peace march反战游行可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学问拓展 -相关单词marchv. 行进。行军。游行抗议The president saluted as the troops marched past.军队齐步走过

25、时,总统向他们敬礼。The demonstrators marched through the center of the city.示威群众穿过市中心进行游行抗议。brilliant基本用法brilliantadj. 杰出的。辉煌的。精妙的。杰出的。才华横溢的He has got brilliant achievements in the field of physics.他在物理学方面已经取得了杰出的成就。The brilliant sun lit up their rooms.辉煌的阳光照亮了他们的屋子。The countryside was bathed in brilliant su

26、nshine.乡间沐浴在辉煌的阳光下。Her brilliant performance redeemed the concert from complete failure.她的杰出表演使这场音乐会免遭完全失败。With brilliant lights blazing everywhere in Christmas night, the city looked most magnificent.圣诞节的夜晚城里处处灯火辉煌,特殊壮丽。学问拓展 -相关单词brilliantlyadv. 辉煌的。辉煌的。光亮的One or two of the players performed brilli

27、antly.一两个演员表演得特别杰出。He earned admission to the Institute of International Relations and brilliantly mastered Japanese.他凭优异的成果进入国际关系学院,杰出的把握了日语。skillful基本用法skillfuladj. 有技术的。娴熟的。奇妙的A smooth sea never made a skillful mariner. 安静的海洋训练不出娴熟的水手。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结And of course, a star is a person who

28、is very famous and skillful.当然,一个 “明星 ”就是指一个特别闻名而且有才华的人。With a skillful movement he rounded the small fishing-boat. 他以灵活的动作使小渔船调过头来。I like making things by hand because my mother is very skillful, and I liked staying with her when I was young.我宠爱亲自作一些东西,这是由于我母亲的手特别巧,而且我小的时候宠爱同她在一起。 学问拓展构词法：“n+ful ”构

29、成形容词skilln. 技能,本事 -skillful（adj ）有技能的,有技术的。娴熟的peacen.和平。安静 -peacefuladj.和平的。安静的stressn.压力-stressful adj.有压力的awful基本用法awfuladj. 可怕的。极坏的。使人敬畏的。糟糕的。难过的Hi, Jill. I feel awful.嗨,吉尔。我觉得很难过。It would be awful if he found out the truth.假如他发觉了真相,那就糟了。I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequali

30、ties in the world. 当我离开哈佛时 ,我并没真正有意识到这个世界存在着可怕的不公平现象。I had an awful day at the office.我在办公室里度过了糟糕的一天。 学问拓展构词法：“ n+ful ”构成形容词awe n. 敬畏。惧怕 -awful（ adj ）可怕的。极坏的。使人敬畏的。糟糕的。难过的skill n.技能,本事 -skillful（adj ）有技能的,有技术的。娴熟的peacen.和平。安静 -peacefuladj.和平的。安静的stressn.压力-stressful adj.有压力的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结v

31、iolence原文再现It was full of drugs and violence.这个的方充斥着暴力和毒品。基本用法violencen 暴力。暴行。猛烈The wind blew with great violence. 风反常猛烈的吹着。The young man was charged with robbery with violence.这个年轻人被控暴力抢劫。The act of violence made people boil with anger.这种强暴的行为令人发指。学问拓展 -相关单词violentadj.暴力的。猛烈的。猛烈的violentlyadv.暴力的。猛烈

32、的。猛烈的He is suffering from violent pains.他承担着极度的痛楚。His face began to work violently.他的脸部开头猛烈的抽搐。They are violently opposed to the idea.他们猛烈反对这个想法。compete原文再现He has always been very strict with his daughters, training them hard to compete against each other.他总是严格要求他的女儿们,要求她们刻苦训练相互竞争。基本用法competen. 竞争。竞

33、赛。对抗Companies must be able to compete in the marketplace.公司肯定要在市场中有竞争力。We can compete with the best teams.我们能与最好的队竞争。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Hes hoping to compete in the London marathon.他期盼着参与伦敦马拉松竞赛。学问拓展相关单词competitionn. 竞争。竞赛。竞赛competitorn.竞争者。对手competitiveadj.竞争的,竞赛的。求胜心切的competitivelyadv有竞争力的。好竞

34、争的 The company faces tough competition.这家公司面临着艰难的竞争。America is a competitive society. 美国是一个布满竞争的社会。 相关短语compete with/against与. 一同竞争compete for为了什么而竞争,后加目的We know what it takes to compete for the jobs and industries of our time.我们知道在我们的时代为工作和行业进行竞争需要什么。So, on the one hand, the US just cannot compete

35、with China on price.所以,在一方面,美国不能与中国在价格上竞争。We can compete against anybodyand we can win. 我们可以与任何人竞争 而且能赢得成功。amazing原文再现The sisters road to success has been amazing.两姐妹的成功之路是令人赞叹的。基本用法amazingadj. 令人诧异的This parrot is an amazing mimic.这只鹦鹉很会学舌。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结It is amazing that she should have s

36、aid nothing about the murder.令人诧异的是她竟然对这桩凶杀案不置一词。Just look at it. Isnt it amazing.你看看。真叫人赞叹！He has an amazing appetite for hard work.他特别的宠爱艰难的工作。学问拓展 -词义辨析： -ving 结尾和 -ed 结尾的形容词的用法有一类动词后面加 ing 和 ed 转化为形容词。 加 ing 表“令人 . 的”,加 ed 表“使人感到 . 的”,如,boring/bored; exciting/excited; interesting/interested; rel

37、axing/relaxed; terrifying/ terrified; amazing/ amazed等。 The book is interesting.这本书很有意思。I am interested in the book.我对书很感爱好。event原文再现The first time Venus played in a big event was in 1996.维纳斯第一次参与大型联赛是在1996 年。基本用法eventn. 大事,大事。项目。结果He reported on the whole event to the minister.他把整个大事向部长做了汇报。Hes mak

38、ing a good score in track and field event.他正在田径赛中取得好成果。The 800m is the fourth event of the afternoon. 800 米赛是下午的第四项竞赛。This event will be covered live by TV.此事将由电视作现场报道。This event has made the headlines.这件事成了重大新闻。学问拓展 -词义辨析 : event/ accident/incident/affair可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结这些名词均有 “事故、大事 ”之意。ac

39、cident ：强调偶然或意外发生的不幸事情。incident ：既可指小大事或附带大事,又可指政治上具有影响的大事或事变。event ：可指任何大小大事,但尤指历史上的重大大事。affair 常用复数形式,已发生或必需要做的事情。也可指个人的“暧昧关系 ”a car accident汽车事故shooting incident暗杀大事 a fund-raising event筹款之事foreign affairs外交大事on ones own原文再现.but he learned to breathe on his own.但很快他学会了自己呼吸。基本用法on ones own=by ones

40、elf独立的（凭自己的力气） Although her father is in the firm, she got the job on her own. 尽管她父亲在公司里,但她那份工作却是靠自己得到的。 He can be left to work on his own.工作可交给他一个人去做。Im well fully able to manage on my own.我完全能够独自处理。After graduation, he lives on his own.毕业后他就独立生活了。学问拓展 -相关短语of ones own某人自己的 .（常用作定语） For reasons of

41、his own, he refused to join the club. 由于个人缘由,他不情愿加入该俱乐部。Id like to have a room of my own.我想要有个属于自己的房间。promote原文再现可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结He also raised a lot of money to promote medical research into back injuries.他仍募得了很多钱用来促进背部受伤的医学争论。基本用法promote vt.促进。提升。宣扬He likes to read biographies of great men

42、 to promote himself.他宠爱读伟人传记来提高自己。We must promote commerce with neighboring countries.我们必需促进与邻国的贸易。If you keep your nose clean, the boss might promote you.你如是规法规矩的,老板就可能提拔你。The meeting discussed how to promote peace.会议争论了如何促进和平。学问拓展 -相关单词promotionn. 促进。发扬。宣扬。促销。提升It is great to hear about your recen

43、t promotion.听说你近来得到了提升,这好极了。His long absence from work delayed his promotion.他长期不上班,把他的提升给耽搁了。She is responsible for sales promotion.她负责推销工作。injury原文再现He also raised a lot of money to promote medical research into back injuries.他仍募得了很多钱用来促进背部受伤的医学争论。基本用法injury n.损害。损害。受伤处The insurance policy protects you against injury.如遭损害,这保险单保证偿付你的缺失。If you try and lift that suitcase youll do yourself an injury.要提起那只箱子,你就要受伤了！可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳