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1、精品名师归纳总结一般现在时基本结构: be 动词。行为动词否定形式: am is are not。此时态的谓语动词如为行为动词,就在其前加 dont, 如主语为第三人称单数,就用doesnt,同时仍原行为动词。一般疑问句:把be 动词放于句首。用助动词do 提问,如主语为第三人称单数,就用does,同时,仍原行为动词。1) 常常性或习惯性的动作, 常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every , sometimes, at , on Sunday。例如: I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七点离开家。 2) 客观真理,客观存在
2、,科学事实。例如:The earth moves around the sun. 的球绕太阳转动。3) 表示格言或警句。例如:Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。留意:此用法假如显现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例: Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证明了的球是圆的。4) 现在时刻的状态、才能、性格、个性。例如:I don t want so much我. 不要那么多。Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错,讲的可不行
3、。比较: Now I put the sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子。I am doing my homework now.我正在做功课。第一句用一般现在时, 用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬时动作。 其次句中的 now 是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。一般过去时基本结构: be 动词。行为动词否定形式:was were not。在行为动词前加didnt ,同时仍原行为动词。一般疑问句: was 或 were 放在句首。用助动词do 的过去式 did 提问,同时仍原行为动词。1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如
4、:时间状语有: yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等。例如:Where did you go just now.刚才你上哪儿去了? 2)表示在过去一段时间内,常常性或习惯性的动作。例如: When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候,常在公路上踢足球。Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那时,布朗一家无论什么时候
5、去,都受到热闹欢迎。3) 句型: It is time for sb. to do sth到 时间了 该 了。例如: It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。It is time that sb. did sth.时间已迟了早该 了 ,例如 It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。would( had) rather sb. did sth. 表示 宁愿某人做某事 。例如: I d rather you came tomorrow. 仍是明天来吧。4) wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时,作摸索性的询问
6、、恳求、建议等, 而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如: I thought you might have some.我以为你想要一些。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结比较: Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。 )Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义:她现在仍活着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived i
7、n Kentucky for seven years.(含义:现在仍住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)留意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。1) 动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend等。例如:Did you want anything else.您仍要些什么吗?I wondered if you could help me.能不能帮我一下。2) 情态动词 could, would 。例如:Could you lend me your bike.你的自行车,能借用一些吗?used to + do:过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如: Mot
8、her used not to be so forgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常漫步。be used to + doing: 对 已感到习惯, 或习惯于, to 是介词, 后需加名词或动名词。例如:He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫现在已习惯于漫步了。- Your phone number again. Iquite catch it.- It s 69568442.A. didn t B. couldn t C. don t
9、 D. cant答案 A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。将来时基本结构: am isaregoing to do。 will shall do否定形式: am is are not going todo。 will shallnot do一般疑问句: be 放于句首。will shall 提到句首1) shall 用于第一人称,常被will所代替。 will在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求看法常常用于其次人称。例如:Which paragraph shall I read first ? 我先读哪一段了?Will you be at
10、 home at seven this evening.今晚七点回家好吗?2) be going to + 不定式,表示将来。a. 主语的意图, 即将做某事。 例如:What are you going to do tomorrow.明天准备作什么了?b. 方案,支配要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看那乌云, 快要下雨了。3) be +不定式表将来,按方案或正式支配将发
11、生的事。例如:We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六争论这份报告。4) be about to +不定式,意为立刻做某事。例如:He is about to leave for Beijing.他立刻要去北京。留意: be about to do 不能与 tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 If you are going to make a journey, you d better get ready for itsassibsleo.on as po Now if you will take
12、off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结be to 表示客观支配或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的准备或方案。例如:I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。 (客观支配)I m going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。 (主观支配)1) 以下动词 come, go, arrive, leave,
13、 start, begin, return 的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或支配好的事情。例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。When does the bus star. It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?非常钟后。2) 以 here, there 等开头的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如: Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.车来了。There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.铃响了
14、。3) 在时间或条件句中。例如:When Bill comes(不是 will come ) , ask him to wait for me.比尔来后,让他等我。I ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里,就写信给你。 4)在动词 hope, take care that, make sure that 等的宾语从句中。例如: I hope they have a nice time next week.我期望他们下星期玩得高兴。Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave
15、 theroom.离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。以下动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:I m leaving tomoror w. 明天我要走了。Are you staying here till next week.你会在这儿呆到下周吗? 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在仍存在。 也可表示连续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have ( has) +过去分词。基本结构: have has done否定形式: havehas not done一般疑问句: have has
16、放于句首1) 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情,强调动作。现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。2) 一般过去常常与详细的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week, ago, in1980, in October, just now 等,皆为详细的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years,always 等,皆
17、不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately等。 3)现在完成时可表示连续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是连续性的,如live, teach, learn, work,study, know.。一般过去常常用的非连续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。例如:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了)I ha
18、ve seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)Why did you get up so early.(强调起床的动作已发生过了)Who hasn t handed in his paper(. 强调有卷子未交,疑为不公正竞争)He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可连续)He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可连续)句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960 )时,不能使用现在完成时,
19、要用过去时。(错) Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(对) Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.1) It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。例如:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次拜访这城市。This is the first time( that) I ve heard him si
20、ng这.是我第一次听他唱歌。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结留意: It was the third time that the boy had been late.2) This is + 形容词最高级 +that结构, that 从句要用现在完成时。例如:This is the best film that I( ever) vseeen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。(1) -Do you know our town at all.-No, this is the first time Ihere.A. was B. have been C. came D. am comin
21、g答案 B. This is the first time后面所加从句应为现在完成时,应选B。(2) -Have youbeen to our town before.-No, it s the first time Ihere.A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come答案 D. ever 意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。留意:非连续性动词的否定形式可以与表示连续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以连续的。(错) I have received his letter for
22、 a month.(对) I haven t received his letter for almost a month.Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for 用来说明动作连续时间长度。例如:I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我住在这儿二十多年了。I have lived here since I was born.我从诞生起就住在这儿了。留意:并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。I worked here for more than twenty years.(我现在已不在这里工作。)I have worked her
23、e for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。 )留意:用句型转换的方法,很简单排除非连续动词在有for/since 结构的完成时中的误用。1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still ge
24、tting married now.明显,其次句不对,它应改为Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married forsix years.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1) since +过去一个时间点(如详细的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six )。例如:I have been here since 1989. 1989 起,我始终在这儿。2) since +一段时间 + ago。例如:I have been here since five months ago.
25、 我在这儿,已经有五个月了。3) since +从句。例如:Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后,变化可大了。4) It is + 一段时间 + since 从句。例如:It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上争论生有两年了。1) 用于完成时的区分连续动词表示体会、经受。瞬时动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如:He h
26、as completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果) I ve known him since then.我从那时起就熟悉他了。 (表经受)2) 用于 till / until从句的差异连续动词用于确定句,表示做 直到 瞬时动词用于否定句,表示到 ,才 。例如:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结He didn t come back until ten o He slept until ten o他一clo直ck睡.他到 c1l0ock点. 才回来。到 10 点。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1. You don t need to des
27、cribe her. Iher several times.A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet答案 B. 第一此题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times 告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。2. - I m sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. Ihere only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be答案 A.等待的动作由过去开头,连续到现在,应用现在完成时。过去完成时1) 概念:表
28、示过去的过去-|-|-|-其构成是 had +过去分词构成。那时以前那时 现在2) 用法a. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句。例如:She said ( that) she had never been to Paris. 她告知我她曾去过巴黎。b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时。发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, th
29、ink, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示原本 ,未能 。例如:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t.那时我们期望你能来,但是你没有来。3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as 。例如: He said that he had learned some English before.他说过他以前学过一些英语。By the time he was twelve, Edison
30、had began to make a living by himself.到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开头自己谋生。Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.汤姆扫兴了,由于他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。The studentsbusily when Miss Brown went to get a book shein the office.A. had written, left B , were writing, has left C. had written, h
31、ad left D. were writing, had left答案 D.把书忘在办公室发生在去取书这一过去的动作之前,因此忘了书这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中 when 表示的是时间的一点,表示在同学们正忙于 这一背景下, when 所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。留意: had hardly when 仍没等 就 。例如:I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。had no sooner tha刚n 就 。例如: He had no sooner bought the car than
32、 he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转瞬又卖了。1) 两个动作如按次序发生,又不强调先后,或用then, and, but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。例如:When she saw the mouse, she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时。如第一个动作需要如干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:When I heard the news, I was very excited.3) 表达历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。
33、例如:Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.将来完成时1) 构成 will have done 2) 概念a. 状态完成:表示某事连续到将来某一时为止始终有的状态。例如:They will have been married for 20 years by then.到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的体会。例如:You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天此时,你已经到达上海了
34、。现在进行时的基本用法:a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结We are waiting for you.我们正在等你。b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。 (说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。例如:The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。It s gettinga
35、wrmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。d. 与 always, constantly, forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或连续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观颜色。例如:You are always changing your mind.你老是转变想法。My dictionary, I have looked for it everywhere but stillit.A. has lost, don t find B. is missing, don t find C. has lost, haven t found D. is missing, ha found.答案
36、 D. 前句是一个仍在连续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍旧存在,应用完成时,瞬时动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。1) 表示事实状态的动词,如 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue 等。例如: I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。2) 表示心理状态的动词, 如 know, realize, think see, believe, suppose
37、, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate 等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的帮忙。He loves her very much.他爱她很深。3) 瞬时动词,如 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:I accept your advice.我接受你的劝说。4) 系动词,如 seem, remain, lie, see, hear,
38、 smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn 等。例如: You seem a little tired.你看上去有点累。过去完成时1) 概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2) 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景。一个长动作连续的时候,另一个短动作发生。3) 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 等。例如:My brother fell while he was riding his
39、 bicycle and hurt himself.我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站时,正下着雨。When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时,阳光辉煌。1) Marya dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案 C.割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when 表时间的同时性,玛丽在做衣服时供应事情发
40、生的背景,因此用过去进行时。2) As she the newspaper, Granny asleep.A. read 。 was falling B. was reading 。 fell C. was reading 。 was falling D. read 。 fell可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结答案 B. 句中的 as = when, while ,意为当 之时。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行。 一个长动作发生的时候, 另一个短动作发生。 句意为 在她看报纸时, 奶奶睡着了。 句中的fell(fall 的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick
41、 。英语中的几种时态在肯定情形下可以相互转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式: 一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换在现在完成时中,连续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬时动词却不能。但是, 可用别的表达方式:瞬时动词用于 “一段时间 + ago ”的一般过去时的句型中。瞬时动词可改成与之相对应的连续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用。瞬时动词用于 “It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时 ”的句型中, 表示 自从 以来有 时间 的意思,主句一般用it is 来代替 It has been;瞬时动词用于 “Some time has passed since +一般过去时 ”的句型中。请看
42、:A. He joined the League two years ago 。B. He has been in the League for two years 。C. It is two years since he joined the League 。D. Two years has passed since he joined the League。二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换在一般现在时中,at 加上名词表示 “处于某种状态 ”,如 at work 在工作 , at school上学、上课 等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:Peter is at work, but Mike
43、 is at play 。Peter is working, but Mike is playing。三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive 等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum.意为 “我就来,妈妈! ”请看:The train is leaving soon 。The train will leave soon 。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结四、“be going to+动词原形 ”与“willshall+动词原形 ”结构的转换 “be going to+动词原形 ”、表示准备、方案要做的事。将来时“willshall+动词原形 ”结构在书面语中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动词shall。在口语中,全部人称都可以用will 。请看:We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday 。We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载
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