定语从句教案.doc

《定语从句教案.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《定语从句教案.doc（7页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流定语从句教案.精品文档.定语从句定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用的表示。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 例：指出下面句子的先行词、关系词This is the house that

2、I bought two years ago.关系词引导定语从句的关系词关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。关系代词部分：who指人在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天，我帮助了一个迷路的老人. whom指人在定语从句中充当宾语，常省略。（注：who和whom已无太大区别，基本可以通

3、用。区别是who可以做主语而whom不可以，whom前可以加介词如to whom，但是who不可以） (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy(whom)I want to see. (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. whose通常指人也可指物在定语从句中做定语，表所有。 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once liv

4、ed in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时通常以以下结构来代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?which指物 在定语

5、从句中做主语，表语，定语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。在非限制性定语从句中有“，”即可用which (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔. That指人时相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在定语从句中做主语,表语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city ea

6、ch year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?That与which的区别1）不用that的情况 a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2) 只

7、能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 例：All that is needed is a supply of oil. c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 例：The only thing that the students can do is studying hard d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用

8、that。. 例：This is the first American film that Ive ever seene) 先行词既有人，又有物时。关系副词部分：when指时间 在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came. 注意：表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。 例：1.By the time when you arriv

9、ed in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 2.I still remember the first time （when） I met her.3.Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc.Where指地点 在定语从句中做地点状语 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house whe

10、re I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.限制性和非限制性定语从句定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开 例：This is the hous

11、e which we bought last month.（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.（非限制性）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. This novel, which I have read three times,

12、is very touching. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which,whose代表事物，如果需要用why，可用for which代替. which引导的非限制性定语从句其后不可

13、省成分，as可以.as引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代主句的全部或部分内容。常表说话人关于说话的依据、态度、评论、看法等。有“正如、像”等意思。定语从句可以置主句句首（注意这点与which的区别）、句中或句末。as后常接expect，know，report，say，see等动词的主、被动语态句。 例：Mike，as we expected，attended the meeting像我们所期望的那样，迈克参加了会议。 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, s

14、moking is harmful to ones health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. itB. thatC. whichD. he 2）The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it 3）It rained har

15、d yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. A. thatB. whichC. asD. it as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： (1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 (2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。 在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。 As 的用法例 1. the same as；s

16、uchas 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有正如。 As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health. As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语； 如何区分关系代词和关系副词？方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： Th

17、is is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.（F） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （F）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （T）This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （T）

18、Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.介

19、词与关系代词1.当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用which/whom即“介词+which/whom且不能省略。但当介词位于末尾时可用that/which/who/whom.作介词的宾语，且可以省略。例如： 例：The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.that/which可以省略 = The school in which he once studied is very famous.which”不可省略 例： 误 This is the room in that the old man lives 正 This

20、 is the room in which the old man lives 正 This is the room which the old man lives in 正 This is the room that the old man lives in 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 T This is the watch which/that I am looking for. F This is the watch for which I am looking.2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用

21、whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F) (2) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) 3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some,

22、 any, none, both, all, neither, most, each,few等代词、数词或者名词。 (1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. (3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. (4) The boat,

23、the name of which is Topsail, is famous. (5) I bought many books yesterday, three of which are written by Lu Xun.先行词和关系词二合一1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)3）wh

24、at = the thing which；whatever = anythingWhat you want has been sent here.Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 4) who= the person that whoever= anyone who （错）Who breaks the law will be punished. （错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear. （对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished. （对）Who robbed

25、 the bank is not clear.区分定语从句和同位语从句 1、定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系； 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句 (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位语从句 2、定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略； 同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分； 句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, wha

26、t等词引导，充当成分 (1) The news he told me is true. (2) The news that he has just died is true. (3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语 (4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. 3、 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以发展成一个完整的句子， (1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语 (2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice. (3) The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all. (4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.