家用小型玉米脱粒机的.doc
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1、【精品文档】如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流家用小型玉米脱粒机的.精品文档.郑州航空工业管理学院毕 业 论 文(设 计) 2013 届 机械设计制造及其自动化 专业 0906063 班级题 目 家用小型玉米脱粒机的设计 姓 名 学号 指导教师 职称 二一三 年 五 月 十五 日内 容 摘 要 从1785年苏格兰人安朱梅克( AndrewMeikle)发明第一个回转滚筒脱粒装置以来, 人们对玉米脱粒装置做了大量的试验和研究, 不断开发出新的玉米脱粒装置。1815年, 美国开发出世界上第一台专用于玉米脱粒的手工操作玉米脱粒机。之后人们对于玉米脱粒装置的改进一直没有停止过。上个世纪70年代初
2、期, 我国自行研制的冲击式原理玉米脱粒机得到了普及应用, 当时以大、中型脱粒机为主。进入80年代后, 农村开始实行家庭联产承包责任制, 我国又相继研发了冲击式原理的一系列中、小型玉米脱粒机, 以适应农户的生产需要。 随着社会的发展,机械化在我国普及的速度很快,由于我国是农业大国而且农业是我国的经济基础,所以普及机械化对于我过农业的发展是至关重要的,但是由于我国的农业现状,大都属于小农经济,所以决定了在某些方面大型的机械很难普及,所以需要普及一些小型的家用机械。玉米脱粒机就是其中一个很典型的实例,随着人们的玉米产量的不断增加,玉米脱粒就成为了一个摆在人们而前的一个问题,人工脱粒太慢,费时间,而且
3、需要的人很多,很不方便,玉米脱粒机的出现,解决了这一问题,需要的人工少,而且主要是工作效率有大大的提高,所以玉米脱粒机是农家不可缺少的必备农机。玉米脱粒机是玉米脱皮后,经过一段时间的风干,然后将玉米利用脱粒机使玉米和玉米芯分开,这种机械就是玉米脱粒机。它的工作原理是:玉米脱粒机在进行玉米脱粒时,利用钉齿滚筒回转运动的钉齿与筛网之间的间隙相配合,使玉米粒拖下(钉齿滚筒和筛网之间的揉搓作用,将玉米粒脱离玉米芯,井借助其他的机械机构将玉米粒和玉米芯分别从两个不同的出口排出机体之外,籽粒由筛孔分离出去,玉米芯从机器尾部排出,玉米丝,皮屑从风口排出。循环脱粒,不断的进行填入脱粒排出机体这一循环。该种机器
4、,脱粒的效率由滚筒的长度和直径而确定,人们可根据自己的脱粒效率,合理的选用适当的玉米脱粒机。关键词玉米脱粒机;脱粒结构;设计AbstractIn 1815, the United States developed the worlds first dedicated to corn threshing hand-operated corn thresher. Improvement for corn threshing device after people have never stopped. The early 70s of last century, Chinas self-devel
5、oped impact principle of corn threshing machine is widely used in large, medium, when threshing machine. After entering 80 age, rural began to implement the household contract responsibility system, our country has developed a series of impact principle, small corn thresher, in order to meet the pro
6、duction needs of farmers. With the development of society, the mechanization in China spread very quickly, because China is a big agricultural country and agriculture is the economic foundation of our country, so the application of mechanized is crucial for the development of our agriculture, but th
7、e agricultural current situation of our country, mostly belonging to the small-scale peasant economy, so the decision in some aspects. Large machinery is difficult to popularize, so need to popularize some small household machinery. Corn threshing machine which is a very typical example, along with
8、the people of the maize yield increase, corn threshing became a priority in an issue that people first, manual threshing too slow, time-consuming, and requires a lot of people, very inconvenient, corn threshing machine, to solve the a problem, need less labor, and is mainly the work efficiency is gr
9、eatly improved, so the corn thresher is essential for an agricultural farm. In 1815, the United States developed the worlds first dedicated to corn threshing hand-operated corn thresher. Improvement for corn threshing device after people have never stopped. The early 70s of last century, Chinas self
10、-developed impact principle of corn threshing machine is widely used in large, medium, when threshing machine. After entering 80 age, rural began to implement the household contract responsibility system, our country has developed a series of impact principle, small corn thresher, in order to meet t
11、he production needs of farmers. With the development of society, the mechanization in China spread very quickly, because China is a big agricultural country and agriculture is the economic foundation of our country, so the application of mechanized is crucial for the development of our agriculture,
12、but the agricultural current situation of our country, mostly belonging to the small-scale peasant economy, so the decision in some aspects. Large machinery is difficult to popularize, so need to popularize some small household machinery. Corn threshing machine which is a very typical example, along
13、 with the people of the maize yield increase, corn threshing became a priority in an issue that people first, manual threshing too slow, time-consuming, and requires a lot of people, very inconvenient, corn threshing machine, to solve the a problem, need less labor, and is mainly the work efficiency
14、 is greatly improved, so the corn thresher is essential for an agricultural farm. The corn thresher is corn peeling, after drying for a period of time, then the use of corn thresher for corn and corn cob separately, this machine is the corn threshing machine. Its working principle is: corn thresher
15、for corn threshing, the gap between tooth and nail screen tooth cylinder rotary motion of the match, the corn grain down (between the nail tooth roller and a screen kneading action, the corn grain from corn cob, I Suke and other mechanical corn and corn cob respectively from two different outlet out
16、side a machine body, separated by the sieve grain, corn cob discharging machine tail, from corn silk, dander from outlet. Circular threshing, the threshing - fill - discharge the body of the loop. This kind of machine, the threshing efficiency by the drum length and diameter is determined according
17、to the threshing efficiency, people can own, corn thresher, the reasonable selection of appropriate.Key wordcorn sheller;Threshing structure;design目 录1. 引言 32. 玉米脱粒机的总体结构的设计 5 2.1玉米脱粒机的整体结构 5 2.2玉米脱粒机的总体设计 63. 电动机的选择7 3.1电动机的转速 7 3.2钉齿滚筒上钉齿的转速 7 3.3电动机的功率 8 3.3.1脱粒机主轴上需要的功率8 3.3.2离心式鼓风机的功率8 3.3.3所需电
18、动机的总功率104. 带及带轮的设计11 4.1传动带的设计 12 4.1.1确定计算功率12 4.1.2选择V带的带型12 4.1.3确定带轮的基准直径12 4.1.4确定传动中心距a和V带的基准长度13 4.1.5计算中心距a及其变动范围13 4.1.6验算主动轮上的包角13 4.1.7确定V带的根数14 4.1.8确定单根V带的初拉力的最小值14 4.1.9计算V带传动作用在轴上的压力105.V带轮的结构设计15 5.1带轮的材料选择 15 5.2带轮的结构设计 15 5.2.1主动带轮的结构选择15 5.2.2从动带轮的设计156.传动轴的设计 16 6.1确定主轴的各段直径和长度 1
19、8 6.2初步选择输出轴系 18 6.3确定输出轴上的圆角半径值 19 6.4求轴上所受的力和力矩 19 6.5校核轴的强度 227. 校核轴承的强度 238. 滚筒的设计 239. 钉齿的设计 2510. 筛网的设计2511. 入料口及脱粒上盖的设计2612. 除尘装置的设计2813. 机架的设计2914. 轴承座的设计3015. 玉米脱粒机上标准件的选择31 15.1玉米脱粒机上螺栓的选择31 15.2键的选择3116. 玉米脱粒机的使用和维护31 16.1玉米脱粒机的使用和维护31 16.2玉米脱粒机的维修与保养32结论33致谢33参考文献341引言随着社会的进步,农业机械化已经在我国普
20、及开来,特别是一些家用的小型机械也进入千家万户之中。而玉米脱粒机作为农业机械化的重要组成部分,它的研究和开发也是必不可少的。现在社会中有很多种类的玉米脱粒机。按照脱粒原理可以分为挤压式、碾压式、打击式、差速式和搓擦式5类。根据脱粒滚筒的外形可分为圆盘形、圆柱形和圆锥形。按脱粒滚筒的安放形式又可分为卧式和立式。按脱粒元件来分其种类更多,常见的有纹杆钉齿、弓齿、风扇叶轮及组合式等。(1) 纹杆式脱粒装置 纹杆式脱粒装置采用打击原埋设计,工作时,纹杆滚筒转动,使玉米穗在齿侧面和纹杆顶部与凹板弧面上产生搓擦作用,玉米穗与穗间凹板间产生搓擦,从而实现脱粒。脱粒效率主要取决于打击速度和打击机会。该装置对玉
21、米籽粒伤害较大,但脱净率和效率高。(2) 杆齿式脱粒装置 杆齿式脱粒装置采用杆齿式轴流滚筒,杆齿按螺旋线排列并固定在齿板上。玉米穗通过滚筒前端的喂人螺旋输送器轴向喂入,从另一轴端排出。工作时,杆齿滚筒转动,使玉米穗在杆齿和齿板部与凹板弧面上产生搓擦作用,从而实现脱粒。脱粒效率主要取决于杆齿速度。该装置对玉米籽粒伤害较小,但脱净率和效率较低。(3)钉齿式脱粒装置 钉齿式脱粒装置,是模仿人工用手搓玉米的动作。由于钉齿与滚筒轴之间有一定的夹角,利用钉齿拨动果穗,使果穗在受到推挤的情况下既做向前的运动,又做向上或向下的运动。在运动过程中,与两侧和底部的栅格进行揉搓,并且与筛网做相对运动,既滚动又滑动,
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