爆破挤淤施工监理要点.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流爆破挤淤施工监理要点.精品文档.1.2.1、概述坝区地层岩性较为复杂，地层自上而下为（1）素填土、（2）淤泥、（3）淤泥质土、（4）粘土、（5）粉质粘土、（6）泥质中粗砂、（7）含泥中粗砂、（8）碎石、（9）含碎石粘土、（10）淤泥质土、（11）粘土、（12）粉质粘土、（13）碎石、（14）含碎石粘土、（15）淤泥质土、（16）粘土、（17）粉质粘土、（18）淤泥质土、（19）粉质粘土、（20）砂质粘性土、（20）-1辉绿岩残积粉质粘土、（21）全风化花岗岩、（21）-1全风化辉绿岩、（22）强风化花岗岩、（22）-1强风化辉绿岩、（23）中

2、风化花岗岩、（23）-1中风化辉绿岩、（24）微风化花岗岩等。素填土：主要为滨海滩涂围垦筑坝所填，厚度0.6-3.2m,主要成分为原坡积的粉质粘土、残积的砂质粘性土和强风化花岗岩碎块，灰色、灰黄色、棕黄色、褐红夹白，新近回填，经人工夯实，呈稍密状态，回填时间为1-5年。淤泥：海相沉积，淤积成因，灰黑色，深灰色，软塑-流塑，饱和状态，上部3-5米，用手捏无法成型。偶见贝壳碎片，富含有机物腐殖质，具腥臭味，局部地段含海砺壳等。厚度8.5-20.30m。为确保爆破对深层淤泥更好的液化、流动，保证抛填石料全面落底，应先对表面素填土进行挖除，淤泥挖除完成后，会同设计地质人员进行地质鉴定后，即可进行爆破挤

3、淤施工。1.2.2、爆炸挤淤施工：堤头爆炸处理，堤头抛填达到设计进尺时，在堤头泥石交界前沿23米处布置药包，爆破后使堤身下沉落底，形成稳定的堤身。堤身两侧的爆炸处理，当堤头推进到50米后，在灰堤两侧装药，爆炸后使堤身石泥下部分拓宽，并有一定的沉淤深度。补炮处理，经过上述两步处理后，基本形成了设计断面的轮廓线。经断面测量后，局部未达设计高程或设计宽度，按设计爆破参数进行补炮处理。1.2.3、 施工工艺堤头爆填采用自卸卡车按设计要求推填堤心石，当达到爆填进尺时。开始爆填作业。在推填堤心石前方一定距离内，将药包埋入淤泥下，采用导爆索传爆网络，陆上起爆。爆炸动能将淤泥排开，形成爆坑，同时爆炸的震动效应

4、使淤泥受到强烈扰动，强度大大降低，堤头石料在瞬时内塌落，并沿淤泥强度小的方向滑移。在严格控制进尺和抛填量的情况下，经过多次爆炸和振动，石料落到持力层上，完成了石料对淤泥的置换。堤身侧爆填完成堤头爆填后，石料基本落到持力层上，但仍需对堤身两侧进行侧爆填，以便加宽堤身和整形，达到设计要求。爆炸设计和施工方法与堤头爆填相同。一般情况下，堤身侧爆填可在堤头爆填后100米时开始。堤身侧爆填循环进尺一般为50m。外侧和内侧各进行1次侧爆。堤头和堤身外侧爆填处理后，经理坡达到设计断面。根据淤泥厚度及表层素填土地质情况，本工程拟采用吊机振动式布药和挖掘机直插式布药机相结合施工。附爆破挤淤填石工艺流程图：施工准

5、备药包制作堤头布药、起爆 (堤头爆填)测量放线堤身循环抛填药包制作堤身抛填(57m)堤身达到设计侧爆长度50米米堤侧布药、起爆(侧向爆填)检测验收布药工艺：本次试验采用挖掘机改装布药机布药。该布药工艺操作简单，药包位置和埋深可方便调整（图1布药示意图）。泥面药室（药包）底开门钻杆油压卡盘挖掘机导爆索抛石体图一 布药机布药示意图施工步骤a、根据施工图放样，设立抛填标志；b、抛填，按试验方案设计确定的抛填宽度和高度进行抛填；c、当进尺达到设计值后，在堤头前面（布药为堤头前面和两侧泥中）埋药爆炸。d、爆后补抛并继续向前推进，达到设计进尺后，再次在泥中埋药爆炸，这样按“抛填-爆炸-抛填”循环进行，直至

6、达到设计堤长。e、堤身向前延伸一段后，进行两侧爆炸处理，每次处理长度为30m。f、侧爆处理完成后，再进行外侧坡脚爆夯，以确保外侧平台的宽度、厚度和密实度，确保稳定。1.2.4、 施工工序 设立堤轴线和两侧抛填边沿线标记。 按两侧抛填边沿线标记和进尺要求进行抛填。 堤头进尺、堤身宽度及高程测量，满足要求后进行装药作业，否则进行补抛。 堤头爆破循环作业。 堤头爆填完成100m后开始进行侧向爆破处理。1.2.5、爆破参数根据设计要求本工程堤头爆破下沉高度D1满足如下关系：其中， K1经验系数,取0.20.6D挤淤总深度(m)D1爆破下沉高度(m)堤头爆填所布设的药包中的单药包重量Q满足如下关系：其中

7、，K2经验系数，取0.20.4b为每炮进尺(m)D1为堤头爆破下沉高度(m)堤头爆填药包的间距a满足如下关系：其中，K3经验系数，取812Q单药包重量(kg)堤头爆填布设的药包的个数M满足如下关系：其中，M1堤头前面所布设的药包的个数M2为堤头两侧所布设的药包的个数M1和M2应分别满足如下关系：其中，Bm堤身在泥面处的宽度(m) K4、 K5经验系数，分别取0.40.8和1.01.5下面仅列出本工程中较典型2-2断面图，堤头爆破、抛填参数：抛填参数：堤头抛填与爆破循环进尺 46m堤头抛填宽度 35m下游宽度 21m上游宽度 14m堤身抛填高程 +5+6m堤头爆前抛填超高 2.03.0m超高抛填

8、长度 4.06.0m爆破参数：处理总长 513.518m淤泥厚度 21m计划循环进尺 5m布药宽度 35m药包间距 2.5m药包个数 15个药包埋深 1012m单药包重量 30kg单炮药量 500kg爆炸次数 103次合计药量 51500kg侧向爆填爆破参数处理总长 514*2（两侧）=1028m单药包重 20kg药包间距 2.5m药包埋深 8-10m一次处理长度 50m 一次起爆药量 400kg（内外侧同时处理）爆破次数 20次合计药量 8000kg1.2.6、下灰坝各断面抛填、爆破参数详见附图：施工断面图堤头抛填自沉断面堤头爆后沉降断面911m45m2025m+8.5m泥面泥面图二、第一次

9、爆填前后横断面 原泥面堤头爆后补抛纵断面堤头爆后纵断面形状58m淤泥包爆前临时加高12m爆后堤顶高程图三、抛填-爆炸-抛填推进示意图23m第一次堤头爆后补抛顶宽10米第二次及以后堤头爆后补抛，顶宽8米第一次堤头爆后泥下断面第二次堤头爆后泥下断面多次堤头爆后预估泥下断面（侧爆前）911m泥面泥面图四、多次爆炸处理后横断面图+8.5剩23m图五、侧爆处理后断面图侧爆前补抛断面侧爆后堤顶补抛断面侧爆后堤底预估断面泥面1214m+8.5+8.08m堤顶、堤头抛填推进形状10m58m2125mA图六、堤顶、堤头推进平面示意图1.2.7、监理质量控制要点1.2.7.1、爆破挤淤质量控制：由于本工程爆破挤淤

10、置换堤心石地形地质比较复杂，施工难度相对较大，爆破回填石料落底情况完全属隐蔽项目，从表面是无法进行判断的。因此，监理部制定了严格的质量控制措施，以保证施工质量。(1)爆破挤淤施工必须按监理工程师批准的爆破设计施工。(2)爆破挤淤施工前必须经监理工程师检查确认各项准备工作、机械设备、爆破器材符合设计要求，正式签发“开工令”后方准施工。(3)当淤泥深度超过同类可比工程的深度时，应结合本工程的地质构造情况，进行适当生产性试验，以确定本工程条件下可行的施工方法和技术措施。(4)爆破使用的炸药、导爆索、雷管、起爆器在使用前应进行质量、性能检查。经检查合格后，方可投入使用。(5)爆夯施工,药包布置、药包重

11、量、起爆方式等必须符合经监理工程师批准的施工设计。(6)爆破需要的各类药包布设施工机具，必须要满足本工程地质条件下水下爆破施工的要求。(7)挤淤爆破的布药机具，应确保运行正常，保证药包能准确布入固定深度的设计位置。(8)布药机具上应设立明显的标记，以供判定药包埋设实际的深度。(9)每次爆破的爆破参数，经监理工程师检查确认合格，签发“准爆证”后方可进行爆破作业(10)每次爆破时的药包总起爆数量不得小于90%。 1.2.7.2、堤身质量检查：堤身置换质量控制检查采用：a.体积平衡法。b.物探法。（地震法或地质雷达法）c.钻孔法。三种方法进行。体积平衡法和物探法作为施工过程的质量控制的初检方法，钻孔

12、法作为最终质量确定的基本方法。凡施工自检不合格的部位,不得继续施工,应立即进行质量处理至回填合格。A、体积平衡法：由于灰坝爆破挤淤施工不同于其他工程的爆破挤淤施工，该部位淤泥为露天淤泥，并不是在水下，液化条件较差，所以仅凭抛填置换石料的体积来判断挤出淤泥的体积，再推算落底深度将出现架空现象，影响判断，所以还需对堤根进行注水，通过注水的体积再加上抛填量来推算爆破抛填落底深度。但该方法只能作为临时检测手段，因为该判断不确定因素较多：爆破药量、淤泥层固化程度、抛填料单体自重等都将影响检测结果。B、物探法：分阶段性采用地震法或地质雷达法对堤身进行检测，利用反射波的情况判断抛填的落底情况，但反射波的判断

13、效果仍是以数据推测为主，所以无法直观的体现工程质量效果，且反射波判断受仪器、操作、孤石、夹层等影响，也容易出现较大误差，因此也只能做为过程控制。上诉2种判断手段因检测过程短，操作简易方便，检测过程不影响工程施工正常进行，所以作为常规过程控制手段使用。C、钻孔法检查：钻孔法以其直观、判断容易作为最终质量确定的基本方法。施工单位按设计及规范要求进行检查。其钻孔位置由设计、业主、监理施工单位现场共同确定。本工程堤身钻孔根据设计要求钻孔深度要达到基底中风化层，所取岩芯必须连续，要真实的反映堤身的构造。1.2.7.3、堤身断面质量检查：轴线控制：在堤身回填时采取严格控制堤身座标，每一个回填进尺过程，均通

14、过测量方法控制堤身位置。断面控制：每1015米进尺应采用测量方法，进行堤身水上部份的横向断面检查。确保回填、爆破成型的断面符合设计。1.2.7.4、堤身稳定质量检查：沉降位移观测施工期监测a.施工过程中沉降观测；是在堤头前进后在轴线方向建立观测点，对堤身填筑过程的沉降规律性进行观测。观测点设置在距堤头3050米后进行。b.在距施工堤头3050米以后，每40米设置一个沉降位移观测点，进行施工期的沉降观测。施工初期为每周观测两次。堤身建成一个月后，为每周观测一次。直至竣工验收为止。c.施工过程的沉降位移观测资料应每周、每月分别汇总报监理部。（英文版 ） Two regulations promul

15、gated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The

16、two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw

17、the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamenta

18、l principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and

19、revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the w

20、hole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus

21、 on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years

22、comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly admin

23、istering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no auto

24、nomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of cou

25、nty-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensiv

26、e strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority

27、 of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, r

28、eally put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China atta

29、ches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commissi

30、on for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the di

31、rection, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainl

32、y responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (aut

33、onomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspect

34、ion of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On Oct

35、ober 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eig

36、hteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the

37、current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining

38、 the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Sessi

39、on of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party co

40、nstitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing t

41、he party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focu

42、sing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party dis

43、cipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the

44、main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spiri

45、t against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Pa