电渣压力焊连接工艺简介.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流电渣压力焊连接工艺简介.精品文档.电渣压力焊连接工艺简介：1 工作原理钢筋电渣压力焊是将两钢筋安放成竖向对接形式，利用焊接电流通过两钢筋间隙，在焊剂层下形成电弧过程和电渣过程，产生电弧热和电阻热，熔化钢筋，加压完成的一种压焊方法。电渣压力焊的焊接过程包括四个阶段：引弧过程、电弧过程、电渣过程和顶压过程。焊接开始时，首先在上、下两钢筋端面之间引燃电弧，使电弧周围焊剂熔化形成空穴；随之焊接电弧在两钢筋之间燃烧，电弧热将两钢筋端部熔化，熔化的金属形成熔池，熔融的焊剂形成熔渣（渣池），覆盖于熔池之上，此时，随着电弧的燃烧，上、下两钢筋羰部逐渐熔化，将

2、上钢筋不断下送，以保持电弧的稳定，继续电弧过程；随电弧过程的延续，两钢筋端部熔化量增加，熔池和渣池加深，待达到一定深度时，加快上钢筋的下送速度，使其端部直接与渣池接触，这时，电弧熄灭而变电弧过程为电渣过程；待电渣过程产生的电阻热使上、下两钢筋的端部达到全截面均匀加热的时候，迅速将上钢筋向下顶压，挤出全部熔渣和液态金属，随即切断焊接电源，完成了焊接工作。电渣压力焊适用于现浇钢筋混凝土结构中竖向或斜向（倾斜度在4：1范围内）钢筋的连接，特别是对于高层建筑的柱、墙钢筋，应用尤为广泛。2 焊接设备和材料1、焊接机具（1）焊接电源电渣压力焊可采用交流或直流焊接电源，焊机容量应根据所焊钢筋的直径选定。由于

3、电渣压力焊机的生产厂家很多，产品设计各有不相同，所以配用焊接电源的型号也同，常用的多为弧焊电源（电弧焊机），如BX3-500型、BX3-630型、BX3-750型、BX3-1000型等。（2）焊接夹具焊接夹具由立柱、传动机械、上、下夹钳、焊剂筒等组成，其上安装有监控器，即控制开关、次级电压表、时间显示器（蜂鸣器）等，焊接夹具应具有足够的刚度，在最大允许荷载下应移动灵活，操作便利；焊剂筒的直径应与所焊钢筋直径相适应；监控器上的附件（如电压表、时间显示器等）应配备齐全。（3）控制箱控制箱的主要作用是通过焊工操作，使弧焊电源的初级线接通或断开，控制箱正面板上装有初级电压表、电源开关、指示灯、信号电铃

4、等，也可刻制焊接参数表，供操作人员参考。2、焊剂 （1）焊剂的作用熔化后产生气体和熔渣，保护电弧和熔池，保护焊缝金属，更好地防止氧化和氮化；减少焊缝金属中化学元素的蒸发和烧损；使焊接过程稳定；具有脱氧和掺合金的作用，使焊缝金属获得所需要的化学成分和力学性能；焊剂熔化后形成渣池，电流通过渣池产生大量的电阴热；包托被挤出的液态金属和熔渣，使接头获得良好盛开； 渣壳对接头有保温和缓冷作用。（2）常用焊剂焊剂牌号为“焊剂”其中第一位数字表示焊剂中氧化锰含量，第二位数字表示二氧化硅和氟化钙含量，第三个数字表示同一牌号焊剂的不同品种。施工中最常用的焊剂牌号为“焊剂431”，它是高锰、高硅、低氟类型的，可交

5、、直流两用，适合于焊接重要的低碳钢钢筋及普通低合金钢钢筋。与“焊剂432”性能相近的还有“焊剂350”、“焊剂360”、“焊剂430”、“焊剂433”等。“焊剂”亦可写成“HJ”如“焊剂431”写成“HJ431”。有关部门正在研制专用电渣压力焊的焊剂。3 操作要点1、工艺过程（1）工作示意见图4-17。操作前应将钢筋待焊端部约150mm范围内的铁锈、杂物以及油污清除干净；要根据竖向钢筋接头的高度搭设必要的操作架子，确保工人扶直钢筋时操作方便，并防止钢筋在夹紧后晃动。1-钢筋；2-铁丝圈；3-焊剂；4-焊剂筒（2）焊接夹具的上、下钳口应夹紧于上、下钢筋的适当位置，钢筋一经夹紧不得晃动。（3）引弧

6、宜采用铁丝圈或焊条引弧法，就是在两钢筋的间隙中预先安放一个引弧铁丝圈（高约10mm）或1根焊条芯（直径为3.2mm，高约10mm），由于铁丝（焊条芯）细，电流密度大，便立即熔化、蒸发，原子电离而引弧；亦可采用直接引弧法，就是将上钢筋与下钢筋接触，接通焊接电源后，即将上钢筋提升24mm，引燃电弧。（4）经过四阶段的焊接过程（引弧、电弧、电渣、顶压）之后 ，接头焊毕应适当停歇，方可回收焊剂和卸下焊接夹具，敲去渣壳；四周焊包应均匀，凸出钢筋表面的高度应不小4mm（见图4-18）。（5）焊接注意事项：1）焊剂使用前，须经恒温250烘焙12h；焊剂回收重复使用时，应除去熔渣和杂物，如果受潮，尚须再烘焙。

7、2）焊前应检查电路，观察网路电压波动情况，如电源的电压降大于5，则不宜进行焊接。2、焊接参数电渣压力焊的焊接参数应包括焊接电流、电压和通电时间，并应符合表4-21的规定。电渣压力焊焊接参数 表4-21钢筋直径 (mm)焊接电流 （A）焊接电压（V）焊接通电时间（S）电弧过程电渣过程电弧过程电渣过程1420022035452227123162002501441825030015520300350175223504001862540045021628500550246326006502773670075030840850900339对不同直径的钢筋进行焊接时，应按较细钢筋的直径选择参数；焊接时间可

8、适当延长。3、焊接缺陷及消除在焊接生产中，焊工应随时进行自检，当发现焊接接头有偏心、弯折、烧伤等缺陷时，宜按表4-22查找原因和采取措施，及时消除。电渣压力焊接头焊接缺陷及消除措施 表4-22焊接缺陷措施轴线偏移1、矫直钢筋端部 2、正确安装夹具和钢筋3、避免过大的顶压力4、及时修理或更换夹具弯折1、矫直钢筋端部 2、注意安装和扶持上钢筋3、避免焊后快卸夹具4、修理或更换夹具咬边1、减小焊接电流 2、缩短焊接时间3、注意上钳口的起点和止点，确保上钢筋顶压到位未焊合1、增大焊接电流 2、避免焊接时间过短3、检修夹具，确保上钢筋下送自如焊包不匀1、钢筋端面力求平整 2、填装焊剂尽量均匀3、延长焊接

9、时间，适当增加熔化量气孔1、按规定要求烘焙焊剂 2、清除钢筋焊接部位的铁锈3、确保接缝在焊剂中合适埋入深度烧伤1、钢筋导电部位除净铁锈 2、尽量夹紧钢筋焊包下淌1、彻底封堵焊剂筒的漏孔 2、避免焊后过快回收焊剂4 质量检查与验收1、外观检查接头应逐个进行外观检查，检查结果应符合下列要求：（1）四周焊包凸出钢筋表面的高度就符合图4-18的尺寸。（2）钢筋表面无烧伤缺陷。（3）接头处的弯折角不得大于4。（4）接头处的轴线偏移不得大于钢筋直径的0.1倍，且不得大于2mm。对外观检查不合格的接头，应切除重焊，或采取补强焊接措施。2、力学性能的试验（1）取样从每批接头中任意切取3个试件作拉伸试验。分批方

10、法为：1）在一般构筑物中，应以300个同级别钢筋接头作为一批。2）在现浇钢筋混凝土多层结构中，应以每一楼层或施工区段中300个同级别钢筋接头为一批，不足300个接头仍应作为一批。（2）评定接头拉伸试验结果中，3个试件的抗拉强度均不得低于该级别钢筋规定的抗拉强度值。若有1个试件的抗拉强度低于规定值，则应再取6个试件进行复验；复验结果若仍有1个试件的抗拉强度低于规定值，则应确认该批接头为不合格品。（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the

11、 rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate,

12、 focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line .

13、Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the th

14、ird part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese

15、 Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect fo

16、r the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and

17、 the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party

18、 need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs.

19、 Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both wit

20、h the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December

21、 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than hal

22、f of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsib

23、ility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party

24、 tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general b

25、ooks recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two r

26、egulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a

27、forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots pa

28、rty organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commis

29、sions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, for

30、med a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally i

31、ssued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the

32、 Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and

33、 . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed

34、out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that const

35、itution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up,

36、 wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to

37、the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideologic

38、al and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the wh

39、ole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-disciplin

40、e and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisi

41、ons. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals

42、 in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world

43、ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization

44、amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the

45、key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral

46、 declaration issued to all members of the party and the National Peoples solemn commitment. criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as four must eight code. Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble se