人教新课标高中英语选修9-unit2重点单词讲解概要.ppt

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1、静宁一中 夏青锋人教新课标高中英语核心词汇释义及例句选修9第2单元静宁一中 夏青锋latitude (6)the position north or south of the equator measured from 0to 90.(Cambridge)n. 纬度 The latitude of the island is 30 degrees north.这个岛的纬度是北纬三十度。This gave the seamen the local time and allowed them to find their latitude at sea. (9)Morocco and Califor

2、nia are bits of the Earth in very similar latitudes, both on the west coasts of continents with similar climates, and probably with rather similar natural resources. (nce4)静宁一中 夏青锋at the mercy of (2)at the mercy of sb/sth in the power of sb/sth; under the control of sb/sth 任由某人某事物摆布或控制The ship was a

3、t the mercy of the storm, ie out of control or helpless. 那只船在暴风雨中失去控制.(Cambridge)受支配 The workers find themselves absolutely at the mercy of the capitalists.工人们发现他们完全任由这些资本家的摆布。The voyages of travellers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not h

4、ave modern navigational aids. (9)The enemy were at the mercy of us. 敌人在我们面前毫无办法。 (词典例句)静宁一中 夏青锋encyclopedia (4)a book or set of books containing many articles arranged in alphabetical order which deal either with the whole of human knowledge or with a particular part of itThe Cambridge Encyclopedia

5、of Language(Cambridge)n. 百科全书 A good encyclopedia is a mine of information.一部好百科全书是知识宝库。Read these pages from an encyclopedia. (9)A good encyclopedia (), though expensive, is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject. (2008ah)静宁一中 夏青锋exploration (19)to search and discover (about s

6、omething)The best way to explore the countryside is on foot.(Cambridge)n. 探险；探测 The Elizabethan age was a time of exploration and discovery.英国女王伊丽莎白一世时代是探索和发现的时代。However, it was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale. (9)W

7、hile many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. (2011jx)静宁一中 夏青锋celestial (1)of or from the sky or outside this worldThe moon is a celestial body.(Cambridge)adj.

8、天上的 The sun, the stars, and the moon are celestial bodies.太阳、星星、月亮都是天体。 Gravity governs the motions of celestial bodies. 万有引力控制着天体的运动。 (词典例句)静宁一中 夏青锋equator (8)an imaginary line drawn around the middle of the Earth an equal distance from the North Pole and the South PoleSingapore is/lies on the Equa

9、tor.(Cambridge)n. 赤道 The equator is an imaginary circle around the earth.赤道是一个围绕着地球的假想的圆。At the North Pole the North Star is at its highest position in the sky, but at the equator it is along the horizon. (9)Rain forests slightly farther away from the equator remain just as warm, but they have a dry

10、 season of three months or morn when little rain falls. (2007ln)静宁一中 夏青锋horizon (11)the line at the most distant place which you can see, where the sky seems to touch the land or seaThe moon rose slowly above the horizon.(Cambridge)n. 地平线；视野 The sun dipped below the horizon.太阳沉到地平线以下。It measured how

11、 high stars were above the horizon using a quarter circle rather than the full circle of the astrolabe. (9)The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon, slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your left, now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you. (2014hb)

12、静宁一中 夏青锋overhead (8)above your head, usually in the skyThis room needs overhead lighting (= lights in the ceiling).(Cambridge)adj. 在头上的 adv. 在头顶上；在空中；在高处 over-=above在之上An eagle circled high overhead.一只鹰在高空盘旋。On a clear day especially during the summer the sailors could use the sun overhead at midday

13、 to navigate by. (9)It is unusual to see many birds flying overhead in the summertime, rather than during the periods in the spring or autumn. (2007sx)静宁一中 夏青锋tide (34)the rise and fall of the sea that happens twice every dayhigh/low tide(Cambridge)n. 潮；潮汐；潮流；趋势 As the tide receded we were able to l

14、ook for shells.潮水退去，我们就能寻找贝壳了。He packed his canoe and paddled for days, ignoring strong tides and freezing water till he came to the island. (7wb)The tide was rushing to the entrance and beyond to the wild open sea. (2005tj)To know how to wait is the great secret of success. 懂得如何等待是成功的秘诀。静宁一中 夏青锋kno

15、t (8)a fastening made by tying together the ends of a piece or pieces of string, rope, cloth, etcto tie a knot(Cambridge)n. 节 v. 打结 You need a sharp knife to cut through the knot.你需用快刀才能把结切断。As the ship advanced through the water the knots were counted as they passed through a seamans hands. (9)The

16、tide was rushing to the entrance and beyond to the wild open sea.There was a knot of tension in his stomach. 他紧张得心揪得紧紧的。 (词典例句)静宁一中 夏青锋log (15)a thick piece of tree trunk or branch, especially one cut for burning on a fire(Cambridge)n. 原木；木材 The hunter hid in a log cabin.猎人藏在小木屋里。The rope was tied t

17、o a log which was then thrown into the sea. (9)The log cabin dining house was built in 1929 and offers good camp food. (2005zj)静宁一中 夏青锋nautical (1)relating to ships, sailing or sailorsYoure looking very nautical in your navy blue sweater.(Cambridge)adj. 海上的；航海的 It is a nautical term, I suppose.我想，那是

18、航海术语。The number of knots that were counted during a fixed period of time gave the speed of the ship in nautical miles per hour. (9)Have the nautical chart at your fingertips, and youll be able to steer your ship. 熟水路才能划好船。 (词典例句)静宁一中 夏青锋nautical mile (1)a unit of distance used at sea which is equal

19、to 1852 metres(Cambridge)海里 Several hours ago, Team Finland was only a nautical mile ahead of us.几个小时之前，芬兰队仅仅领先我们1海里。 The knot is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour. “节”是表示每小时航行1海里的一个速度单位。 (词典例句)静宁一中 夏青锋reference (20)a letter that is written by someone who knows you, to describe you

20、 and say if you are suitable for a job or course, etcMy old headteacher said he would write/give me a glowing (= very good) reference.(Cambridge)n. 参考 You should make a reference to a dictionary.你应该参考字典。However, it was awkward to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself. (9)I

21、 havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may (2010js)静宁一中 夏青锋precise (17)exact and accurateHe caught me at the precise moment that I fainted.(Cambridge)adj. 精确的；准确的 pre- =beforehand预先；cis=cut切I

22、 am not clear about the precise bearing of the word in this passage.我说不准这个字在这段文章里的确切意义是什么。This was a more precise and simplified version of the astrolabe. (9)By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable dec

23、isions. (2014js)静宁一中 夏青锋portable (16)(designed to be) light and small enough to be easily carried or moveda portable radio/telephone/computer(Cambridge)adj. 轻便的；手提的；便携的 port=carry拿，带，运；-able形容词后缀，可的The new portable computers are going like hot cakes.新的便携式计算机卖得很快。It was easier to handle because it wa

24、s more portable. Its shortcoming was that it still used the moving ship as one of the fixed points of reference. (9)Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen, they receive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again. (2010hn)静宁一中 夏青锋s

25、woop (2)to move very quickly and easily through the air, especially down from a height in order to attackThe eagle swooped down to snatch a young rabbit.(Cambridge)INFORMAL to make a sudden attack on a place or group of people in order to surround and catch them:Undercover police swooped on three ho

26、uses in Bristol at 5 a.m. this morning.(Cambridge)vi. 突降；猛扑 The owl swooped down on the mouse.那只猫头鹰向着老鼠猛扑下来。In another game, as the turtle swims across the oceanarium, the first porpoise swoops down from above and butts his shell with his belly. (nce4)The terror ended when armed police swooped on th

27、e car. 武警突袭了这辆车从而制止了这起恐怖活动。 (词典例句)静宁一中 夏青锋peck (2)When a bird pecks, it bites, hits or picks up something small with its beakThe birds learn to peck holes in the foil milk bottle tops.(Cambridge)to give someone a quick kiss, especially on the side of the face:He pecked his aunt on the cheek.(Cambrid

28、ge)vt. & vi. 啄食 The birds come and peck at the nuts hung up in the garden.鸟儿飞出来，啄食花园里挂着的果核。They turn on their own kind and peck each other to death. 它们开始攻击同类，拼命地互相啄着。 (词典例句)In the spring, Dad delivered boxes full of baby chickens, and when I was a boy it was such fun to stick your fingers through on

29、e of the holes of the boxes and let the baby birds peck on your fingers. (2012zj)静宁一中 夏青锋cliff (34)a high area of rock with a very steep side, often on a coastKeep away from the edge of the cliff - you might fall.(Cambridge)n. 悬崖；峭壁 The car skidded over the cliff.那部汽车横滑而坠落悬崖。She knew she was near th

30、e shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. (nce2)Although weve been many times, we still find the cliffs and icefalls of our frozen canyons worth visiting. (2009sh)For happiness one needs security, bu

31、t joy can spring like a flower even from the cliffs of despair. -Anne Morrow LindberghWhen you stand at the edge of the cliff, jump to fly, not to fall. -unknown当你站在悬崖的边沿，请向上飞跃，而不是往下跌落。佚名静宁一中 夏青锋expedition (17)an organized journey for a particular purposeScott died while he was on an expedition to t

32、he Antarctic in 1912.(Cambridge)n. 远征；探险 Columbus was the leader of the expedition.哥伦布是那次探险的领队。The first plant collecting expedition recorded in history was around 1500 BC when the Queen of Egypt sent ships away to gather plants, animals and other goods. (9)In 2001, after becoming a skillful skier,

33、Saunders started his first long-distance expedition towards the North Pole. (2006zj)静宁一中 夏青锋departure (21)when a person or vehicle, etc. leaves somewhereThere are several departures (= buses, trains, ships or aircraft leaving) for Paris every day.(Cambridge)n. 出发；离开 part=divide分，分开What is the depart

34、ure and arrival time?出发和到达是什么时间？On the day before our departure, several bus loads of tourists descended on the town. (nce3)Journeys by rail and sea take longer, yes, but the hours devoted to being “processed” at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent. (2012jx)静宁一中 夏青锋crew (57)a group

35、of people who work together, especially all those who work on and operate a ship, aircraft, etcThe aircraft has/carries a crew of seven.(Cambridge)the people who work on a ship, aircraft, etc. who are not officers:Apart from the 10 officers, a crew of 90 looks after the 300 passengers.(Cambridge)n.

36、(轮船、飞机等上的) 工作人员 The crews mission is to save the mans life.全体船员的任务是拯救这个人的生命。Though the crew were at first under the impression that the lost ship had been found, the contents of the chest proved them wrong. (nce3)During their mission, the crew also receives care packages with CDs, books, magazines,

37、photos and letters. (2012ln)静宁一中 夏青锋deposit (13)to leave something somewhereThe flood waters fell, depositing mud over the whole area.(Cambridge)vt. 放；（把钱）存入银行 de-下；pos放放下存放He deposits a sum of money in the bank each month.他每月在银行存一笔钱。They deposited the captain into a small boat to let him find his o

38、wn way home. (9)You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account. (2011jx)静宁一中 夏青锋reckon (4)to think or believeI reckon its going to rain.(Cambridge)vt. 计算；估计 cit=call, arouse唤起Did you reckon in the time needed for unloading the cargo?你把卸货的时间算进去了吗?It was extremely difficult for u

39、s to get a correct reading from the quadrant as the boat moved constantly. The captain used a system called dead reckoning. (9)Dont reckon upon your relatives to help you out of trouble. 不要指望你的亲戚会帮助你摆脱困境。 (词典例句)Even reckoning makes long friends. 亲兄弟，明算账。静宁一中 夏青锋reckoning (4)a calculation which you m

40、akeBy my reckoning, we should arrive in ten minutes.(Cambridge)n. 计算；估计 By my reckoning we are miles from the factory.我估计我们离开工厂有数英里。 After dinner comes the reckoning. 没有免费的午餐。 (词典例句)After dinner comes the reckoning. 吃喝玩乐，该付代价。静宁一中 夏青锋tension (8)a feeling of nervousness before an important or difficu

41、lt eventYou could feel the tension in the room as we waited for our exam results.(Cambridge)n. 紧张；不安；张力 tend, tends, tent=stretch伸，伸开拉紧The tension soon transmitted itself to all the members of the crowd.这种紧张情绪很快感染了人群中所有的人。The tension in the boat got worse as the supply of food and water gradually di

42、sappeared. (9)One day the boy joined a session in the room next to mine. His appearance created an atmosphere of tension. He spent the entire session running around, hitting and kicking, and destroying property. (2014hb)静宁一中 夏青锋thirst (44)a need for something to drinkIve got a terrible thirst after

43、all that running.(Cambridge)n. 渴；口渴 I satisfied my thirst with a glass of water.我喝了一杯水解渴。He kept us busy and tried to take our minds off our stomachs and our thirst. (9)An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to the global economic crisis awakening a pub

44、lic thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works. (2009sd)It is the peculiarity of knowledge that those who really thirst for it always get it. 只要真正渴求知识，都能得到，这是知识的特点。静宁一中 夏青锋set loose (1)allow someone to be freeThe kidnappers had set him loose on a dark country lane.(Cambridge)出发；开始 We

45、finally arrived in Timor after being set loose in our small boat forty days ago.我们在小船里出发四十天后终于到达了东帝汶。You could not imagine a more disturbing sight than what we looked like when arriving in Timor over forty days after being set loose in our small boat. (9)The boy set his caged bird loose, and it flew

46、 away chirping. 这孩子把关在笼里的鸟儿放出来, 鸟儿吱吱叫着飞走了。 (词典例句)静宁一中 夏青锋tear a drop of salty liquid which flows from the eye, as a result of strong emotion, especially unhappiness, or painWhy do arguments with you always reduce me to tears (= make me cry)?(Cambridge)vt. 扯破；撕破 Nails that project from the wall may t

47、ear your clothes.墙上突出的钉子会撕破你的衣服的。 The city will tear down the building and create a park. 该市将拆掉这幢大楼，在这儿建个公园。 (词典例句)静宁一中 夏青锋jaw (0)the lower part of your face which moves when you open your mouthHe has a strong/square jaw.(Cambridge)either of the two bones in your mouth which hold your teeth:upper/lo

48、wer jaw(Cambridge)n. 颚；颌；下巴 He gave him a sock on the jaw.他冲着他的下巴就是一拳。 His jaw jutted stubbornly forward; he would not be denied. 他固执地扬起下巴, 一副不肯罢休的样子。 (词典例句)静宁一中 夏青锋jaws of death (1)A dangerous situation or confrontationThe rescuers snatched the children from the jaws of death.(Cambridge)鬼门关；死神 The

49、firemen rescued the little girl from the jaws of death.消防队员把那个小女孩从鬼门关救了回来。We were the heroes who had escaped the jaws of death by completing the greatest navigational feat of all time! (9)The doctor snatched the patient from the jaws of death. 大夫把病人从死亡边缘抢救过来。 (词典例句)静宁一中 夏青锋roar (24)to make a long, l

50、oud, deep soundWe could hear the lions roaring at the other end of the zoo.(Cambridge)If a vehicle or aircraft roars somewhere, it moves there very quickly making a lot of noise:She looked up as a plane roared overhead.(Cambridge)to shout loudly:Stop that! he roared.(Cambridge)vt. & vi. 咆哮；轰鸣 riv 河，