unit2-working-the-land.ppt

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1、unit2 working the land单词、短语及句型2015.1.20晚1.struggle 1). He has been struggling for success in business. =He has been struggling to succeed in his business. 为了事业的成功，他一直努力奋斗着。 2).A strong man will struggle with the storm of fate. 强者乐于搏击命运的暴风雨。 3).She is struggling to bring up a family on a very low inc

2、ome. 她靠着非常微薄的收入艰难地供养一家人。 归纳总结 struggle for为而奋斗 struggle on/along拼命活下去，竭力支撑下去 struggle to ones feet挣扎着站起来 struggle against/with向作斗争；同搏斗 the struggle for existence生存竞争 without a struggle未经努力 fight against为反对而斗争 fight with与作战；与并肩战斗 fight for为争取而斗争 compete against/with与竞争，决斗 compete for为争取而竞争 即学即用 The c

3、hildren talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A.to be heard B.to have heard C.hearing D.being heard2.expand 观察思考 A childs vocabulary expands through reading. 孩子的词汇量通过阅读得到扩大。 Why not try to expand your story into a novel? 为什么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢？ 归纳总结 expand on/upon sth.详细阐明；充分叙述 expand

4、in.在方面膨胀 expand into.扩展成为，膨胀成 expansion n.扩展；扩大；膨胀 expansive adj.广阔的；广泛的；开朗的3.thanks to thanks to,due to,owing to,because of (1)thanks to介词短语，只能作状语,多用于褒义。 (2)due to意为“因为，由于”,可以作表语或状语,不可位于首。be due to do sth.表示“被安排去做某事”。 The accident was due to careless driving. 交通事故是由粗心大意的驾驶造成的。 Mr.Hill will be due t

5、o lecture twice tomorrow. 希尔先生明天被安排演讲两次。 (3)owing to意为“由于”多用作状语，作状语时常用逗号隔开。 Owing to his carelessness,Tom failed in the exam. 汤姆考试不及格是由他的粗心大意引起的。 (4)because of语气最强，多用于表示直接原因。一般放在主句之后，有时也可放在主句之前。 Because of his tiredness,he does not want to go with us.即学即用 (1)_ his help,we solved the problem. A.For B

6、.Because C.Thanks to D.Due to (2)Its acknowledged that the traffic accident was largely _ the drivers carelessness. A.because of B.due to C.thanks to D.with a result of4.rid.of摆脱；除去 rid oneself of debt还清债务 be rid of摆脱 get rid of摆脱；除掉；去掉 1).Could you rid yourself of the bad habit of smoking? 2).Will

7、science finally rid us of this disease? 3).By working hard day and night, she is trying to rid herself of loneliness and sadness. 类似用法动词： Remind/inform/ warn/cure/accuse/rob/persuade/suspect sb of sth 5.be satisfied with 对满意 satisfy ones needs满足某人的需要 with satisfaction 满意地 to ones satisfaction 使某人满意的

8、是 be far from satisfactory 远远不能让人满意6.would rather宁愿，宁可 would rather.than.是常用句式，意为“宁可（愿）（而）不要（愿）” =would rather than would rather从句时，从句要用虚拟语气,其宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时（be用were），表示对现在或将来的虚拟；用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。 would rather have done本想做（而实际上未做）单项填空 Shall we go skating or stay at home? Which _ do yourself?（201001江西南

9、昌检测） A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather Id rather _ the basketball match last night.Otherwise,I would have finished my paper work by now.（201001江苏徐州检测） A.not have watched B.not watch C.hadnt watch D.havent watch7.equip equip.with.用装备 equip.for sth./to do sth.为了而

10、装备 equipment n.装备；设备(不可数名词) office equipment办公设备 a piece of equipment一件设备() an equipment()注意 (1)equipment还有“知识;技艺;才能;素养; 特征；资质”之意。 (2)equipments(偶尔用复数形式)表达“不同种类的设备”,但不可在其前加two,some,several等8.regret regret sth.对某事感到遗憾 regret to do sth.遗憾/抱歉要去做(do一般是say,tell,inform,announce等这样的词) regret doing sth.后悔曾经

11、做过某事 regret not to have done sth.后悔没做过某事 regret that.遗憾/后悔 have no regrets about doing sth.没有遗憾做过某事 It is a matter for/of regret that. 令人遗憾的是 It is to be regretted that使人遗憾的是 to ones regret(对某人而言)可惜的是 (1)我遗憾地告诉他他被解雇了。但使我惊奇的是， 他对我说：“我没有任何遗憾。我惟一后悔的是选错了工作。” I _him that he had been dismissed.But to my s

12、urprise,he said to me，“I have no regrets.I only _the wrong job.” (2)Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _ his advice! A.to take B.taking C.not to take D.not taking9.lead to通向；导致；造成（后果） take the lead带头；居首位 have a lead over领先于 in the lead领先 lead a.life过着样的生活 as heavy as lead

13、铅一般地沉重，非常重 lead sb.into.领着某人进入 lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事 lead off开始 联想拓展 result in导致 result from由导致 10.focusV (使）集中 聚焦N 中心 焦点 Be in focus 焦距对准 清晰 Be out of focus焦距对准 模糊 Focus （sth） on sth 集中（注意力、精力等）于；对(某事或做某事)予以注意；使聚焦于； focus ones attention on sth. =center/concentrate/fix ones attention on sth.集中注意力

14、于 Pay attention to 11.Reduce vt.减少；缩小；降低；使陷入某种更糟的状态 常用结构： reduce sth.to.减少到 .Reduce sth.by.减少了 Be reduced to沦落为 (1)He persuaded them to_the price_$1000. 他设法使他们的价格降到1000美元。 (2)Production costs have_one third. 生产成本下降了1/3。12.Comment vi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论n.C&U评论；议论 ask for comment征求意见 make comments on sth.评论

15、某事 Make no comment on sth./sb.对某事/某人进行评论/不进行评论 No comment.无可奉告。 Without comment.不必多说。 comment on/upon sth.评论，对发表意见 comment that cl-评论II.重点句型 句1：Have you ever grown any plants? If so,what did you do to grow them? If not,what kind of plant would you like to try growing? How would you grow it? 1. if an

16、y 即使有（任何），即使有 Correct errors, if any (=if there are any errors). 如有错误就请订正。 There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him. 当今记得他的人，如有的话，也不多了。 2. if anything 如果有什么的话 If anything, she works too hard. 要说的话呢，就是她工作太辛苦了。 Im not angry. If anything, I feel a little surprised. 我没有生气。如果说我有什么反应的话，那就是我

17、感到有些惊讶。 3. if anybody (anyone) 若有（任何）人的话 If anyone, he knows. 如果有人知道，那就是他了。 4. if ever （即使有也）极少，难得 He seldom if ever travels abroad. 他到国外旅行，即使有过，也是极少的。 He seldom, if ever, goes to the movies by himself. 他不会，即使有也很少，单独去看电影的。 5. if necessary 如果有必要的话 I could come earlier, if necessary. 如果有必要我可以早点来。 If n

18、ecessary, Jim might shorten it. 如果有必要，吉姆可以把它缩短。 6. if not 假如不是这样的话；不然的话；否则 I might see you tomorrow. If not, then itll be Saturday. 我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就在周六。 Ask her if it is a convenient time. If not, can she suggest another possible time? 问问她那个时间方便不方便。要是不方便的话，那她可不可以提出一个可行的时间? 7. if possible 如果可能的话 If

19、 possible, let me know beforehand. 如果可能，可在事前通知我。 If possible, I wish to go there next summer. 如果可能，我希望明年夏天去。 8. if so 假如这样的话 They think she may try to phone. If so, someone must stay here. 他们认为她可能来电话。要是这样的话，就得有人守在这儿。 句2：In 1973,he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that

20、has a high output. 1974年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。 不定式放在表示次序的词the first,the last,the best以及the only,the very,the right等词后面,且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系，结构为： the first/last./best./only/very/right.+n.+to do sth. 表示“第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/唯一的/恰好的/合适的做某事的人/物”。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来并且最

21、后一个离开。 The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain. 最后一个离开正在下沉的船的那个人是船长。 He is the last person _ to Marys birthday party. A.to invite B.to be invited C.invited D.being invited 句3.Using his hybrid rice,farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。 倍数表达法

22、： 1. 用形容词表示甲是乙的几倍时，用下面三个句型，用副词表示则一般只用前两个句型。 1）倍数+形容词（或副词）的比较级+than This rope is twice longer than that one这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。（比那根绳长二倍） This hall is five times bigger than our classroom这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。（是我们教室的六倍） The car runs twice faster than that truck这辆小车的速度比那辆卡车快两倍。（是那辆卡车的三倍） （2）倍数+as+形容词（或 much）或副词+as A

23、sia is four times as large as Europe亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。 This big stone is three times as heavy as that one这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。（这块石头比那块重二倍） The plane flew ten times as high as the kite那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。（高出九倍） （3）倍数+the size（length，height）of This street is four times the length of that street这条街是那条街的四倍长。 This hil

24、l is four times the height of that small one这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。（比那座小山高三倍） 也可用：The height of this hill is four times that of that small one 2. 要用名词表示“量”的倍数时，则用以下两个句型： （1）倍数+more+名词（可数，不可数）+than There are four times more books in our library than in yours我们图书馆藏书（数量）是你们图书馆藏书的四倍。（我们图书馆藏书比你们的多三倍。） We have pr

25、oduced twice more grain this year than we did last year我们今年生产的粮食比去年增长一倍。（是去年的两倍） （2）倍数+as many（或much）+名词+其他+as After the technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many tractors in 1988 as the year before采用新的技术以后 那个工厂1988年生产的拖拉机是前一年（1987年）的两倍。（比前一年增长一倍） There is three times as much water

26、 in this pot as in that one这个壶里的水（量）是那个壶里的三倍。 What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before.It is _it is long. A.half not as wide as B.wide not as half as C.not half as wide as D.as wide as not half 句4.Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for c

27、rops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. 归纳总结 making it.是现在分词作结果状语时，其逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以是整个句子。 (1)现在分词作结果状语时一般只能单独使用,也就是说，没有固定的句型结构，它通常位于句末，其前有逗号隔开。有时为了突出结果之意可在现在分词前加副词thus,常译为“因而,因此”。现在分词作结果状语往往表示正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中的结果。(2)动词不定式单独作结果状语，通常表示偶然的、出乎意料的结果，有时为了强调这种意外的结果，可在不定式前加only，译为“(结果)却,

28、只(只是)”，在这种情况下，不定式的逻辑主语也可能是全句的主语。 即学即用 (1)He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told 句5.This also keeps the air,soil,water and crops free from chemicals. 这还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。 Keep.free from无的；免于；摆脱（常用作表语、后置定语或补语） be free to do sth.自由地做，随意地做 Be free as air 自由自在 set sb.free释放某人 get/give sth.for free免费得到/赠送 free of charge免费 a smoke-free room/area无烟室/区 Free sb/sth from 使。自由 释放