专四语法7：比较结构.ppt

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1、比较结构比较结构 考点考点1： 原级比较原级比较一般用一般用 as as ; not as as ; the same as ; The work is not as difficult as you think.A pen to a writer is as important as arms to a soldier.the same as 比较的两个事物的动词都是一比较的两个事物的动词都是一致的，所以致的，所以as后有大量省略。后有大量省略。The third verb phrase discussed here should have the same grammatical form

2、 as the first two. 特殊结构特殊结构 A is to B what X is to Y ; A+倍数或几分之几倍数或几分之几 as + adj. / adv. + as +B. Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. This book is twice as thick as that one.考点考点2： 在在 more/less than 结构中，结构中， than 有有时可看作关系代词，相当于时可看作关系代词，相当于than whatThere ought to be less anxiety over

3、 the perceived risk of getting cancer than exists in the public mind today. (Than = than what)人们不应该像今天这样担心害怕患上癌人们不应该像今天这样担心害怕患上癌症症There are more wonders in heaven and earth than are dreamt of. ( than = than what)天地间的奇迹比人们所梦想的要多得多。天地间的奇迹比人们所梦想的要多得多。The medicine is more effective than is expected.考点考点

4、3：几组由：几组由 “more than ；more than” 和和“no / not 比较级比较级” 等等构成的惯用句式及其含义构成的惯用句式及其含义。 more than 其含义为其含义为: “不仅是不仅是, 非常非常, 十分十分”What we are doing today is more than donating some money.我们今天所做的不只是捐一些钱。Their action was more than justified. 他们的行动是完全有理由的。 more than 其含义可以是其含义可以是: “与其说与其说不如不如说说, 不是不是而是而是”He is mor

5、e brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。他有勇无谋。The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典。如说是一本词典。 no more than /not any more than . = only ，强调少，强调少not more than . = at most, 客观客观叙述，意为叙述，意为“至多，不超过至多，不超过” He has no more than five dollars on him.他身上仅有他身上仅有5美元。美元。(强

6、调少强调少)He has not more than five dollars on him.他身上最多只有他身上最多只有5美元。美元。(强调数额少于强调数额少于5美元美元)no more than / not any more than = as little as , 否定，译为否定，译为“A与与B都不都不，不，不 也不也不”not more than = not so as, 肯定，表程度肯定，表程度上的差异上的差异(前者不如后者前者不如后者) He is no more diligent than you. = He is not diligent any more than you.

7、他不勤奋，你也不勤奋。他不勤奋，你也不勤奋。(两人都不勤奋两人都不勤奋)He is not more diligent than you. 他没有像你那样勤奋。他没有像你那样勤奋。(两人都勤奋，两人都勤奋，但你更勤奋但你更勤奋) no less than = as much as 意为：意为：“竟竟有有之多，多达之多，多达”强调多强调多 not less than = at least 意为意为“不少于，至不少于，至少少”， His son has read no less than 50 English books.他的儿子他的儿子竟然竟然读了读了50本英文书。本英文书。(强调多强调多) H

8、is son has read not less than 50 English books.他的儿子读了他的儿子读了不少于不少于50本英文书。本英文书。(不强调不强调多或少多或少)no less than 前后均为肯定，含有惊奇的感前后均为肯定，含有惊奇的感情色彩。情色彩。可译为：可译为：“是是是，是， 正是，正是， 和和 一样，一样， 多达，应有多达，应有之多之多”The middle-aged man was no less a person than the new minister. 这位中年人这位中年人正是正是新来的部长。新来的部长。Her voice is no less swe

9、et than it used to be.她的歌声她的歌声和和以前以前一样一样甜美。甜美。 考点考点4：可分比较等级的名词用：可分比较等级的名词用more of a , less of a, enough of a, as much of a, too much of a修饰修饰 Hes more of a sportsman than his brother. It was as much of a success as I expected. 你并不是象我想的那样傻嘛！你并不是象我想的那样傻嘛！less of a fool than 他真是个不敢讲真话的胆小鬼！他真是个不敢讲真话的胆小鬼

10、！ too much of a coward to/enough of a not to 他敢作敢为他敢作敢为,是个够格的男子汉！是个够格的男子汉！ enough of a man to be bold and decisive in action 考点考点5：以拉丁文-ior结尾结尾的含有比较意义的形容词含有比较意义的形容词后接后接to/over 而不是than. 这些词是：这些词是： superior- inferior senior - junior major - minor prior/anterior - posterior 与此对应的名词与此对应的名词: : Superiorit

11、y - Inferiority Majority- Minority Seniority - Juniority Priority - Postiority e.g. He is three years senior to me. I know the superiority of her beauty to mine.考点考点6：最高级用于三者以上最高级用于三者以上比较，( the +最高级最高级in /of )The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.Of all forms of energy, electricity is most

12、 widely used. 特殊词：特殊词： Supreme - extremeSupremacy - extremity Maximal - minimalMaximum- minimume.g.They have achieved the maximum of efficiency with the minimum of labor.The thought worried her the extremity of her endurance.考点7：Other structures Better.than. “宁可，最好宁可，最好” Better late than never. Bett

13、er to do well than to say well. 宁可站着死宁可站着死,不愿跪着生不愿跪着生. Better die standing than live kneeling. .choose A before B 优先选择优先选择 A hero should choose death before dishonor. I would do anything before that. 比较级常用结构比较级常用结构A 比较级比较级 than + B特殊结构：特殊结构：the more themore and more1. Fat cannot change into muscle _

14、muscle changes into fat. a. any more than b. no more than c. no less than d. much more than 1999 A脂肪不能转换为肌肉，正像肌肉不能转换脂肪不能转换为肌肉，正像肌肉不能转换成脂肪一样。成脂肪一样。 notany more than“正像正像一样也一样也不不”； no more than意为意为“仅仅，不过是仅仅，不过是”； no less than意为意为“不少于不少于”； much more than意为意为“比比多得多多得多” 2. It is not so much the language

15、_the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand. a. but b. nor c. as d. like 1999 C 与其说是语言，还不如说是文化背景使得这与其说是语言，还不如说是文化背景使得这本书难以读懂。本书难以读懂。 只有只有It is not so muchas为固为固定结构，意思是定结构，意思是“与其说是与其说是不如是不如是”。 3. John is_ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam. a. no less b. n

16、o more c. not less d. no so 1998 A John和他妹妹一样刻苦，但考试没及格。和他妹妹一样刻苦，但考试没及格。no lessthan表示表示“在在方面不比方面不比差差”；no morethan表示表示“和和一样都一样都不不”； not lessthan意为意为“不少于，至少不少于，至少(不不比比差差)”； 没有没有D项这种搭配。项这种搭配。 4. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner_ to the professor. a. as far as b. the same as

17、 c. as much as d. as long as 1998 C 语言属于社会中的每一个成员，对于清洁工和教授语言属于社会中的每一个成员，对于清洁工和教授而言没有什么两样。而言没有什么两样。 as much as用于同等程度的比较，表示用于同等程度的比较，表示“和和一一样多样多”； the same as一般只做表语或定语；一般只做表语或定语； as long as表示表示“只要只要”； as far as表示表示“和和一样远一样远”。 5. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than _Eastern Nebraska. a.

18、in b. it receives in c. does d. it does in 1996 C 6. _ the two, Bob is _student. a. Of, more diligent b. In, more diligent c. Of, the more diligent d. In, much more diligent 1995 C 7. She has taken great pains to conceal her emotions, and thereby made them _conspicuous. a. all the more b. all the mu

19、ch c. all more d. all much 1994 A8. It was _ we had hoped. a. more a success than b. a success more than c. as much of a success as d. a success as much as 2006 C 这正如我们希望的那样，是个了不起的这正如我们希望的那样，是个了不起的成功。成功。 As much of a .as More of a than9. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasnt bothered b

20、y his loudness _ by his lack of talent. a. so much as b. rather than c. as d. than 2004-41 A 那个喇叭手的确引人注意，但与其说我那个喇叭手的确引人注意，但与其说我讨厌他的吵闹，倒不如说他没天分。讨厌他的吵闹，倒不如说他没天分。 not so much as意为意为“与其说是，倒不如与其说是，倒不如说是说是”。 10. Do you know Tims brother? He is _ than Tim. a. much more sportsman b. more of a sportsman c. m

21、ore of sportsman d. more a sportsman 2005-59 B be of a/an +n.结构，表示具有后面那个结构，表示具有后面那个名词的性质，这个搭配可以看作是一个名词的性质，这个搭配可以看作是一个形容形容词词，所以它的比较级要用，所以它的比较级要用more修饰，放在修饰，放在系动词的后边系动词的后边11. He was _ to tell the truth even to his closest friend. A. too much of a coward B. too much the coward C. a coward enough D. enough of a coward 1998 A Too much of a