高考英语完形填空解题技巧.pptx

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1、会计学1高考高考(o ko)英语完形填空解题技巧英语完形填空解题技巧第一页，共42页。4.大多富有积极的教育意义，给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣；第1页/共42页第二页，共42页。第2页/共42页第三页，共42页。1.没有严格遵循答题步骤:很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章，单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快，但是(dnsh)这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。切记(qij):一定要用2-3分钟时间先进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空.第3页/共42页第四页，共42页。2. 不注意积累(jli)

2、答题技巧: a.忽略(hl)文章首句的提示作用； b.忽略文章(wnzhng)中上下文之间的照应关系; c.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择.第4页/共42页第五页，共42页。切记:正确的做法是由易到难，先做会做 的，再考虑较难的。强烈推荐：如尚有几题题目不确定可将某题的可能(knng)的两项填入空格, 然后快速地整句整段地默读, 选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的.第5页/共42页第六页，共42页。第6页/共42页第七页，共42页。细读(x d)文章的第一句话 高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是完整的。该句往往就是主题句（Topic Sentence

3、），这就为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个“窗口”，它的句意往往为全文提供中心信息，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主题。 充分重视(zhngsh)首句的标示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，争取开局胜利。第7页/共42页第八页，共42页。第8页/共42页第九页，共42页。第9页/共42页第十页，共42页。解题(ji t)方法：总的原则(yunz): “先完意，后完形”。八字方针：上下(shngxi)求索，瞻前顾后。三步曲：读填读第10页/共42页第十一页，共42页。三步答题Step1Skip(跳读(tio d) the passage to get the general idea a

4、nd pay attention to the first sentence.In the cloze test, there is no blank in the first sentence (首句). It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage.(完形填空首句不挖空，帮助(bngzh)进入语境）第11页/共42页第十二页，共42页。Step2 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods.(在把握(bw)语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当

5、的方法选择最佳答案)第12页/共42页第十三页，共42页。Four methods(四种(s zhn)常用的方法)：1、context (上下文语境)2、word distinctions or collocations (词语辨析和固定搭配)3、information given in the passage (利用文章中的信息-原词复现(f xin)、近义词和反义词等)4、cultural background and common sense (文化背景和常识)第13页/共42页第十四页，共42页。Step3 Read the passage again and check the an

6、swers.（将所选定的词放到文章中复读(f d)检查） 第14页/共42页第十五页，共42页。 Tips:1. the tense and the voice，the accord between subject and predicate (时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致(yzh)2. grammar and collocations (语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致(yzh)3. the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯)4. the meaning of the whole pass

7、age (整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致(yzh)，上下文的衔接是否合理)第15页/共42页第十六页，共42页。词汇(chu)题高考(o ko)完形填空考什么？篇章结构(jigu)(语境) 句际关系第16页/共42页第十七页，共42页。1.复现(f xin)词汇(chu)题第17页/共42页第十八页，共42页。 1.( 2010北京(bi jn)卷)Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my 37 . She wanted to know how I thought She believed I had opinions, so I began to .37. A.opi

8、nion B.impression C.information D.intentionopinions语境-原词(yun c)重现第18页/共42页第十九页，共42页。2. (2010陕西卷） I had some 28 in my pocker, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would 29（ only） use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. 28. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. drugs语境(

9、y jn)-同义词、近义词复现第19页/共42页第二十页，共42页。第20页/共42页第二十一页，共42页。语境(y jn)-固定搭配take a 36第21页/共42页第二十二页，共42页。 3.根据词汇的意义(yy)及用法辨析词义第22页/共42页第二十三页，共42页。 4.(2010江苏卷) My father 36 me to her with these words:“I would like you to meet the fellow who is 36.A.rushed B.sent C.carried D.introduced 5.(2010全国(qun u)I）The ha

10、ppiest people dont 53(necessarily ) have the best of everything；they just 54 the best of everything they have . 54 A. learn B make C.favor D.try语境-词义(c y)辨析36 me tojust 54 the best of语境(y jn)-词义辨析第23页/共42页第二十四页，共42页。 4.根据生活(shnghu)常识及文化背景知识进行选择第24页/共42页第二十五页，共42页。生活(shnghu)常识第25页/共42页第二十六页，共42页。1.语法

11、(yf)手段2.逻辑(lu j)手段句际关系(gun x)1.语法手段第26页/共42页第二十七页，共42页。语法(yf)-指代第27页/共42页第二十八页，共42页。语法(yf)-句型第28页/共42页第二十九页，共42页。逻辑(lu j)手段2.逻辑(lu j)手段让步(rng b)关系转折关系因果关系解释关系顺序关系并列关系第29页/共42页第三十页，共42页。 10.（2010江苏卷) Then she looked at my father and replied,“You are 40(wrong). This is not the worst boy at all, 41 the

12、 smartest one who hasnt yet found an outlet（释放(shfng)的途径）for his enthusiasm.” 41. A.but B.so C.and D.or语境(y jn)-转折关系、搭配 the smartest第30页/共42页第三十一页，共42页。 11.（2010湖南卷) Bean is a white dog, quite handsome and very 38 . 38. A. smart B.sweet C.slow D.shy语境-同类并列(bngli)关系第31页/共42页第三十二页，共42页。 12.（2010安徽卷) F

13、irst of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand, . Then the writing point of the pen 52 ,the pen should make a thick, dark line. 52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally语境-顺序(shnx)关系第32页/共42页第三十三页，共42页。 原词(yun c)复现同义(tn y).近义复现 指 代 句 型 并列关系 转折关系 让步关系 解释关系语法项目 顺序关系 因果关系词汇手段语法手段逻辑

14、手段语篇信息（语境理解）第33页/共42页第三十四页，共42页。Problem solving strategies注意(zh y)上下文语境（context)了解常识背景（common sense）掌握习惯搭配（phrases & idioms）运用词义辨析 （comparison）运用语法分析（grammar analysis)运用逻辑分析 (logical analysis )运用排除法 （exclusive method ）解题(ji t)过程中应做到第34页/共42页第三十五页，共42页。实 战 演 练第35页/共42页第三十六页，共42页。 Once upon a time the

15、 colors of the world started to quarrel. 细读首句，找出相关(xinggun)信息1.叙事文 故事发生的时间，人物、事件等背景(bijng)情况。第36页/共42页第三十七页，共42页。Key to the cloze test 41-45: DCCDB 36-40: DACBA46-50: ACBAD51-55: DDCBA第37页/共42页第三十八页，共42页。 Once upon a time the colors of the world started to quarrel. Green said, Clearly I am the most

16、important. I am the sign of life and hope. I was chosen for grass, trees and leaves. Without me, all animals would 36 . Blue interrupted, You only think about the 37 , but consider the sky and the sea. 38 the water that is the basis of life and drawn up by the clouds from the deep seaWithout my peac

17、e, you would all be 39 . Yellow chuckled （笑道）, You are all so serious. I bring laughter, fun, and _40_ into the world 36.A.stay B.leave C.go out D.die 37. A.earth B.moon C.star D.sun 38A.That is B.I am C.It is D.This is 39A.anything B.nothing C.something D.Everything40A.warmth B.sadness C.depression

18、 D.anxiety语境(y jn)-词义语境-转折(zhunzh).对比.排除语法(yf)-强调句语境-词义语境-同类并列第38页/共42页第三十九页，共42页。 Orange started next to blow her trumpet, I am the color of health and strength. I may be 41 , but I am precious for I serve the needs of human life. When I fill the sky 42 , my beauty is so striking that no one gives

19、another 43 to any of you.” Red could stand it 44 and he shouted out, I am the ruler of all of you. I am the color of danger and of bravery. I am willing to 45 truth. I am also the color of passion and of love.41.A.usual B.normal C.common D.scarce42A.at midnight B.at noon or at night C.at sunrise or

20、sunset D.during the day 43A.gift B.honor C.thought D.respect 44A.for more B.any more C.very much D.no longer45A.turn to B.fight for C.help with D.bend over语境(y jn)-转折对比语境(y jn)-常识语境(y jn)-搭配语境-搭配语境-词义gives another43 tocould stand it 44第39页/共42页第四十页，共42页。 Then came Purple and Indigo （深蓝）. The colors

21、went on boasting, each convinced of his or her own _46_. Their quarreling became louder and louder. Suddenly there was a startling flash of bright lightening thunder. Rain started to pour down _47_. The colors crouched(蜷缩(qun su) down _48_, drawing close to one another for comfort. In the midst of t

22、he clamor （叫嚷）, rain began to speak, “You foolish colors, fighting 49 yourselves, each trying to dominate（支配） 50 . 46A.superiority B.disadvantages C.inferiority D.weakness 47.A.gently B.quietly C.violently D.peacefully 48A.with care B.in fear C.by chance D.on purpose49A.among B.by C.for D.against 50

23、A.others B.themselves C.the other D.the rest语境(y jn)-近义词再现语境(y jn)-词义.常识语境-词义语境-搭配语境-词义辨析第40页/共42页第四十一页，共42页。 Dont you know that you were each made for a special purpose, 51 ? Join hands with 52 and come to me. Doing as they were told, the colors 53 and joined hands. They formed a colorful rainbow.

24、From then on, whenever a good rain 54 the world, a rainbow appears in the sky. They remember to 55 one another. 51A.equal and simple B.ordinary and similarC.more or less D.unique and different 52. A.each other B.me C. them D. one another 53A.combined B.separated C.united D.divided54A.cleans B. washes C.brightens D.dampens55A.appreciate B.quarrel with C.ignore D.praise近义词再现(zixin)常识(chngsh)语境(y jn)-搭配语境-词义近义词再现Join handswith 52第41页/共42页第四十二页，共42页。