大学英语六级分类模拟题(共15页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上大学英语六级分类模拟题318Reading ComprehensionWomen are half the population but only 15% of board members at big American firms, and 10% in Europe. Companies that fish in only half of the talent pool will lose out to those that cast their net more widely. There is also evidence that mixed boards m

2、ake better decisions. Mindful of this, European countries are passing laws that would force companies to promote more women to the executive suite. A new French law requires listed firms to reserve 40% of board seats for women by 2017. Norway and Spain have similar laws; Germany is considering one.

3、The European Parliament declared this month that such quotas should be applied throughout the European Union. There are two main arguments for compulsory quotas. One is that the men who dominate corporate boards are hopelessly sexist: they promote people like themselves and ignore any female talent.

4、 The second argument is more subtle. Talented executives need mentors(导师) to help them climb the ladder. Male directors mentor young men but are reluctant to get friendly with young women, lest the relationship be misinterpreted. Quotas will break this vicious cycle by putting lots of women at the t

5、op, who can then offer their sisters a leg up. There may be something in both arguments, but in most rich countries sexism is no longer the main obstacle to womens careers. Children are. Most women take career breaks to look after them. Many care for elderly relatives, too. One study found that two-

6、thirds of American women had at some point switched from full-time work to part-time or flexible time to balance work and family. Such choices make it harder for women to gain the experience necessary to make it to the very top. What is more, big companies are increasingly global. Many want a boss w

7、ho has worked in more than one country. Such foreign postings disrupt families; many women turn them down. And many, anticipating a career break at some point in the future, enter fields where their skills will not quickly become outdated, such as law or human resources. Some lawyers make good chief

8、 executives. But firms often want people with financial or operational experience for the top jobs, and these fields are still male-dominated. Quotas are too blunt a tool for such a tangled problem. The women companies are compelled to put on boards are unlikely to be as useful as those they place t

9、here voluntarily. Quotas force firms either to pad their boards with token non-executive directors, or to allocate real power on the basis of sex rather than merit. Enforcing quotas for women has led to large numbers of inexperienced women being appointed to boards, and seriously damaged those firms

10、 performance.1、 What will happen to a company if men dominate its executive board? A. Its talent pool will dry out sooner. B. Its competitiveness will be weakened. C. Its women employees will complain. D. It is bound to make unwise decisions.2、 What seems to prevent women from becoming board members

11、 apart from sexism? A. Many of them lack the courage to face the challenge in the board room. B. Male directors are afraid of womens potential threat to their authority. C. Few of them have the training and qualifications needed for executive duties. D. Male directors refrain from giving them guidan

12、ce to avoid misunderstanding.3、 What does the author say is the real barrier to womens careers? A. An apparent lack of necessary legislation. B. Fierce competition from male colleagues. C. The burden of taking care of their family. D. The widespread sexism in the workplace.4、 Why do many women choos

13、e to enter such fields as law or human resources? A. They allow women career breaks if need be. B. They can bring a womans talent into full play. C. They offer high salaries and attractive benefits. DThey pave the way for women to become CEOs.5、What does the author think of the practice of enforcing

14、 quotas for women executives? AIt is a simple solution to a tangled problem. BIt is an effective tool to combat sexism. CIt helps fill the executive board with talents. DIt adversely affects a firms performance.International governments inaction concerning sustainable development is clearly worrying

15、 but the proactive(主动出击的)approaches of some leading-edge companies are encouraging. Toyota, Wal-Mart, DuPont, M&S and General Electric have made tackling environmental wastes a key economic driver. DuPont committed itself to a 65% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the 10 years prior to 2010.

16、By 2007, DuPont was saving $2.2 billion a year through energy efficiency, the same as its total declared profits that year. General Electric aims to reduce the energy intensity of its operations by 50% by 2015. They have invested heavily in projects designed to change the way of using and conserving

17、 energy. Companies like Toyota and Wal-Mart are not committing to environmental goals out of the good-ness of their hearts. The reason for their actions is a simple yet powerful realization that the environ-mental and economic footprints fit well together. When M&S launched its Plan A sustainability

18、 programme in 2007, it was believed that it would cost over $200 million in the first five years. However, the initiative had generated $105 million by 2011/12. When we prevent physical waste, increase energy efficiency or improve resource productivity, we save money, improve profitability and enhan

19、ce competitiveness. In fact, there are often huge quick win opportunities, thanks to years of neglect. However, there is a considerable gap between leading-edge companies and the rest of the pace. There are far too many companies still delaying creating a lean and green business system, arguing that

20、 it will cost money or require sizable capital investment. They remain stuck in the environment is cost mentality. Being environmentally friendly does not have to cost money. In fact, going beyond compliance saves cost at the same time that it generates cash, provided that management adopts the new

21、lean and green model. Lean means doing more with less. Nonetheless, in most companies, economic and environ-mental continuous improvement is viewed as being in conflict with each other. This is one of the big-gest opportunities missed across most industries. The size of the opportunity is enormous.

22、The 3% Report recently published by World Wildlife Fund and CDP shows that the economic prize for curbing carbon emissions in the US economy is $780 billion between now and 2020. It suggests that one of the biggest levers for delivering this opportunity is increased efficiency through management and

23、 behavioural changein other words, lean and green management. Some 50 studies show that companies that commit to such aspirational goals as zero waste, zero harmful emissions, and zero use of non-renewable resources are financially outperforming their competitors. Conversely, it was found that clima

24、te disruption is already costing $1.2 trillion annually, cutting global GDP by 1.6%. Unaddressed, this will double by 2030.6、 What does the author say about some leading-edge companies? A. They operate in accordance with government policies. B. They take initiatives in handling environmental wastes.

25、 C. They are key drivers in their nations economic growth. D. They are major contributors to environmental problems.7、 What motivates Toyota and Wal-Mart to make commitments to environmental protection? A. The goodness of their hearts. B. A strong sense of responsibility. C. The desire to generate p

26、rofits. D. Pressure from environmentalists.8、 Why are so many companies reluctant to create an environment-friendly business system? A. They are bent on making quick money. B. They do not have the capital for the investment. C. They believe building such a system is too costly. D. They lack the ince

27、ntive to change business practices.9、 What is said about the lean and green model of business? A. It helps businesses to save and gain at the same time. BIt is affordable only for a few leading-edge companies. CIt is likely to start a new round of intense competition. DIt will take a long time for a

28、ll companies to embrace it.10、What is the finding of the studies about companies committed to environmental goals? AThey have greatly enhanced their sense of social responsibility. BThey do much better than their counterparts in terms of revenues. CThey have abandoned all the out-dated equipment and

29、 technology. DThey make greater contributions to human progress than their rivals.If you asked me to describe the rising philosophy of the day, Id say it is data-ism. We now have the ability to gather huge amounts of data. This ability seems to carry with it certain cultural assumptionsthat everythi

30、ng that can be measured should be measured; that data is a transparent and reliable lens that allows us to filter out emotionalism and ideology; that data will help us do remark-able thingslike foretell the future. Over the next year, Im hoping to get a better grip on some of the questions raised by

31、 the data revolution: in what situations should we rely on intuitive pattern recognition and in which situations should we ignore intuition and follow the data? What kinds of events are predictable using statistical analysis and what sorts of events are not? I confess I enter this in a skeptical fra

32、me of mind believing that we tend to get carried away in our desire to reduce everything to the quantifiable. But at the outset let me celebrate two things data does really well. First, its really good at exposing when our intuitive view of reality is wrong. For example, nearly every person who runs

33、 for political office has an intuitive sense that they can powerfully influence their odds of winning the election if they can just raise and spend more money. But this is largely wrong. After the 2006 election, Sean Trende constructed a graph comparing the incumbent(在任者的) campaign spending advantag

34、es with their eventual margins of victory. There was barely any relationship between more spending and a bigger victory. Likewise, many teachers have an intuitive sense that different students have different learning styles: some are verbal and some are visual; some are linear, some are holistic(整体的

35、). Teachers imagine they will improve outcomes if they tailor their presentations to each student. But theres no evidence to support this either. Second, data can illuminate patterns of behavior we havent yet noticed. For example, Ive always assumed people who frequently use words like I, me, and mi

36、ne are probably more self-centered than people who dont. But as James Pennebaker of the University of Texas notes in his book, The Secret Life of Pronouns, when people are feeling confident, they are focused on the task at hand, not on themselves. High-status, confident people use fewer I words, not

37、 more. Our brains often dont notice subtle verbal patterns, but Pennebakers computers can. Younger writers use more negative and past-tense words than older writers who use more positive and future- tense words. In sum, the data revolution is giving us wonderful ways to understand the present and th

38、e past. Will it transform our ability to predict and make decisions about the future? Well see.11、 What do data-ists assume they can do? A. Transform peoples cultural identity. B. Change the way future events unfold. C. Get a firm grip on the most important issues. D. Eliminate emotional and ideolog

39、ical bias.12、 What do people running for political office think they can do? A. Use data analysis to predict the election results. B. Win the election if they can raise enough funds. CManipulate public opinion with favorable data. DIncrease the chances of winning by foul means.13、Why do many teacher

40、s favor the idea of tailoring their presentations to different students? AThey think students prefer flexible teaching methods. BThey will be able to try different approaches. CThey believe students learning styles vary. DThey can accommodate students with special needs.14、What does James Pennebaker

41、 reveal in The Secret Life of Pronouns? AThe importance of using pronouns properly. BRepeated use of first-person pronouns by self-centered people. CFrequent use of pronouns and future tense by young people. DA pattern in confident peoples use of pronouns.15、Why is the author skeptical of the data r

42、evolution? AData may not be easily accessible. BErrors may occur with large data samples. CData cannot always do what we imagine it can. DSome data may turn out to be out-dated.It is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession, but there is a less conspicuous kind of soci

43、al upheaval (剧变) underway that is fast altering both the face of the planet and the way human beings live. That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. In 2008, for the first time in human history, more than half the worlds population was living in towns and cities. And as a recently publi

44、shed paper shows, the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the densely to comewith an enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially on climate change. As Karen Seto, the lead author of the paper, points out, the wave of urbanization isnt just about the migration of people into urban env

45、ironments, but about the environments themselves becoming bigger to accommodate all those people. The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversity hotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas. Humans are the ultimate invasive specieswhen they move into new territor

46、y, they often dis-place the wildlife that was already living there. And as land is cleared for those new citiesespecially in the dense tropical forestscarbon will be released into the atmosphere as well. Its true that as people in developing nations move from the countryside to the city, the shift m

47、ay reduce the pressure on land, which could in turn be good for the environment. This is especially so in desperately poor countries, where residents in the countryside slash and bum forests each growing season to clear space for fanning. But the real difference is that in developing nations, the mo

48、ve from rural areas to cities often leads to an accompanying increase in incomeand that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, which in turn causes a rise in carbon emissions. Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully on the grid is certainly a good thingbut it does carry an environment