高中英语语法Ving用法详解.pptx

《高中英语语法Ving用法详解.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语语法Ving用法详解.pptx（48页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、会计学1高中高中(gozhng)英语语法英语语法Ving用法详解用法详解第一页，共48页。这个辅音字母再加这个辅音字母再加ing;以以ie结尾，变结尾，变ie为为y，+ing，例：，例：die，dying；lie，lying.关键词：含义关键词：含义 构成构成 特征特征 分类分类 成分成分 用法用法 形式形式(xngsh) 运用运用第1页/共48页第二页，共48页。相当于名词在句中的用法相当于名词在句中的用法.2.现在分词现在分词:具有动词的特征，可以具有动词的特征，可以表示一个正在进行的、主动的动表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作作.第2页/共48页第三页，共48页。doing现在现在(xinz

2、i)分词分词动名词动名词具有名词，动词具有名词，动词(dngc)的特性的特性具有具有adj.，adv.的特性的特性主语宾语表语定语状语宾补动名词动名词现在分现在分词词成分成分形式形式第3页/共48页第四页，共48页。做主语做主语(zhy)和宾语的肯定是和宾语的肯定是_；做状语和宾补的肯定是做状语和宾补的肯定是_。Examples:1)Seeing is believing.(动名词做主语动名词做主语(zhy)和宾语和宾语)2)Be careful while crossing the street.(现在分词做时间状语现在分词做时间状语)3)I heard her singing an Eng

3、lish song when I passed by her room yesterday.(现在分词做宾语补足语现在分词做宾语补足语)动名词动名词现在现在(xinzi)分词分词第4页/共48页第五页，共48页。五五. 用法用法(yn f)：第5页/共48页第六页，共48页。Eg. Its no use crying over spilt （倾倒出）（倾倒出）milk. It +be +no good /use doing做做无益无益/无用无用第6页/共48页第七页，共48页。第7页/共48页第八页，共48页。2. 作宾语作宾语 (动词动词(dngc)宾语和介词宾语）宾语和介词宾语） He f

4、inished reading the book yesterday. I enjoy learning English. (动词动词(dngc)宾语宾语） I am fond of watching TV.（介词宾语）（介词宾语） 第8页/共48页第九页，共48页。动词动词(dngc)+宾语宾语只接只接doing只接只接to dodoing和和to do皆可，意义皆可，意义(yy)区别很大区别很大doing和和to do皆可，意义皆可，意义(yy)区别不大区别不大第9页/共48页第十页，共48页。以下以下(yxi)动词须用动词须用doing 做宾做宾语语1)记忆口诀：记忆口诀：双双P延期延期

5、 两建议两建议否认否认 错过了错过了 练习练习考虑考虑 完成完成 不耽搁不耽搁喜欢喜欢 设想设想(shxing) 不不介意介意面对面对 坚持坚持 不放弃不放弃避免避免 冒险冒险 请原谅请原谅 对应对应(duyng)单词：单词：postpone, put off, suggest, advisedeny, miss, practiceconsider, finish, delay fancy, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, mindface, insist on, give upavoid, risk, excuse, forgive第10页/共48页第十一页，共48页

6、。2)need, require, want + doing = need to be done注意注意:主动表被动主动表被动动词动词want，need，require作作“需要需要”解时，后面的解时，后面的动词用动名词作宾语时，且与句子主语有逻辑上的动词用动名词作宾语时，且与句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，这个动宾关系，这个(zh ge)动名词的主动式表示被动动名词的主动式表示被动意义。意义。3)give up, cant help, look forward, have trouble . +doingEg1. My coat needs washing. =My coat needs to

7、be washed.Eg2. I look forward to receiving your letter. 第11页/共48页第十二页，共48页。下列(xili)动词常以动词不定式（to do）作宾语。三个希望三个希望(xwng)两答应两答应两个要求莫拒绝两个要求莫拒绝设法学会做决定设法学会做决定不要假装在选择不要假装在选择hope; wish; want ; agree; promisedemand; ask; refusemanage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要想要(xin yo)拒绝命令拒绝命令需要努力学习需要努力学习,期望同意帮助期望同意帮

8、助希望决定开始。希望决定开始。want ; refuse ; order ,need; try ; learn expect ; agree ; help hope ; wish ; decide ;begin ;start 第12页/共48页第十三页，共48页。第13页/共48页第十四页，共48页。 有些动词后既可以有些动词后既可以(ky)接接doing又可以又可以(ky)接接to do作宾语作宾语,意思上有明显差别：意思上有明显差别：第14页/共48页第十五页，共48页。第15页/共48页第十六页，共48页。 try to do sth.: 设法、努力做某事 try doing sth.:

9、 尝试做某事第16页/共48页第十七页，共48页。第17页/共48页第十八页，共48页。readingto cometelling/to tellgoingto tell第18页/共48页第十九页，共48页。3. 作表语作表语(bioy) His job is teaching English.= teaching English is his job. She is washing the dishes. Washing the dishes is she.动名词做表语动名词做表语(bioy)现在现在(xinzi)分词做表语分词做表语现在分词与动名词做表语的区别：现在分词与动名词做表语的区别

10、：动名词做表语动名词做表语表示表示主语内容，主语表语可交换位置；现在分词做主语内容，主语表语可交换位置；现在分词做表语表语说明说明主语的性质，特征，主语和表语不可交换位置。主语的性质，特征，主语和表语不可交换位置。Practice：1)Learning is my duty.2)The news is encouraging.动名词做表语动名词做表语现在分词做表语现在分词做表语第19页/共48页第二十页，共48页。4. 作定语作定语(dngy) a. the laughing audience / an amusing story b.Dustin Hoffman is famous for

11、his role c. acting as a woman. ( 短语短语(duny)后置）后置）d. The girl singing on the stage is my sister. CompareThe amusing play = the play that is amusing.The girl singing on the stage = The girl who is singing on the stage.第20页/共48页第二十一页，共48页。现在分词现在分词(fn c)与动名词作定语的区别与动名词作定语的区别现在分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词现在分词单独做定语时，

12、放在所修饰的名词 , ,说明说明其修饰名词的动作其修饰名词的动作(dngzu)(dngzu)，性质或特征，性质或特征, ,它与被修它与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系，且可以转换成定语从饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系，且可以转换成定语从句；动名词做定语说明被修饰名词的功能或用途，一句；动名词做定语说明被修饰名词的功能或用途，一般是单个动名词，放在被修饰名词之般是单个动名词，放在被修饰名词之_，可以转换成，可以转换成for for 短语，表示短语，表示“供作供作.之用之用”。前前前前a walkingwalking stick(a stick for walking)(a pool for swimm

13、ing )a sleeping boya moving story _(a story that moves people)(a boy who is sleeping) a swimming pool _第21页/共48页第二十二页，共48页。动词动词(dngc) -ing 形式如果是短语，应放在所修饰的名词形式如果是短语，应放在所修饰的名词 ，相当于，相当于_。1. They are visitors coming from several countriescoming from several countries.（=who come from several countries.）

14、2.Three days later I received a letter offering me offering me the job.the job.（=which offered me the job.）3.The girl standing therestanding there is my classmate. （ =who stands there ）4. The man speaking to the teacherspeaking to the teacher is my father. 后后定语定语(dngy)从从句句(who is speaking to the tea

15、cher)第22页/共48页第二十三页，共48页。Step 2. The boy who is coming to dinner this evening is a classmate of mine. Step 1. The boy is coming to dinner this evening He is a classmate of mine.Step 3. The boy coming to dinner this evening is a classmate of mine.Wrong : The boy is coming to dinner this evening is a

16、classmate of mine There are some people are waiting at the bus stop_第23页/共48页第二十四页，共48页。 现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑(lu j)主语必须是主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑(lu j)上上的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化：但要注意它的各种形式变化： True or false:1.Seeing from the top, the school looks

17、more beautiful.( )2. Seeing from the top, we find the school more beautiful.( ) FT第24页/共48页第二十五页，共48页。主动语态被动语态一般式完成时6.形式形式(xngsh)：时态和语态：时态和语态doing having donehaving been done being done 否定式 主动语态否定式 被动语态否定式一般否定式完成否定式 not being donenot having done not doing not having been done 第25页/共48页第二十六页，共48页。Eg.

18、 Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见铃声，学生听见铃声，学生(xu sheng)们开始走进教室。们开始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时或基本同时发生）（听见和进入两个动作同时或基本同时发生）The building being built now is our new library. 现在正在建造现在正在建造地地 这栋楼房室我们地这栋楼房室我们地 新图书馆新图书馆.（being built为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。）。）Having don

19、e the work, he went home. （having done the work为现在分词的完成为现在分词的完成(wn chng)式，表示动式，表示动作先于谓语动词发生。）作先于谓语动词发生。）All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。（having been sold out 为现在分词的完成为现在分词的完成(wn chng)式，表示动式，表示动作先于谓语动词发生。）作先于谓语动词发生。）第26页/共48页第

20、二十七页，共48页。Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.(=While _ _ _ _ the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.)1）表时间）表时间(shjin)状语状语I was waiting for第27页/共48页

21、第二十八页，共48页。 2) 表原因表原因(yunyn)状语状语Being ill, he didnt go to school.(=As he was ill, he didnt go to school.)Being a student, you should study hard.(=Since _ _ a student you should study hard.）既然你是一个既然你是一个(y )学生，你就应该努力学习。学生，你就应该努力学习。由于想到它或许在家由于想到它或许在家(ziji)，所以我就给他打了，所以我就给他打了电话。电话。Thinking he might be at

22、 home, I called him.As _ _ he might be at home, I called him.you areI thought第28页/共48页第二十九页，共48页。 3)表方式、伴随情况的状语表方式、伴随情况的状语 ：作伴随状语的分：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个(y ) 动作，动作，或是与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或是与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示地动词（或状态）作进一步地补或是对谓语表示地动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。充说明。Eg. He sat on the sofa, watc

23、hing TV.(=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)我们乘车游览了许多我们乘车游览了许多(xdu)地方。地方。 Travelling by car, we visited many a place.We _ by car and visited many a place.traveled第29页/共48页第三十页，共48页。 他们他们(t men)笑着谈着走进了教室。笑着谈着走进了教室。_ , they went into the classroom.他斜靠他斜靠(xi ko)(lean)着墙站着。着墙站着。He stood leaning agains

24、t the wall.(He _ and _ against the wall.)Laughing and talking(They _ and _, and they went into the classroom.)laughedtalkedleanedstood第30页/共48页第三十一页，共48页。 4) 表结果(ji gu)Eg. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.(=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)

25、全国(qun u)到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎地歌曲。The song is sung all over the country,_.making it the most popular song (=The song is sung all over the country, and this _ it the most popular song.)makes第31页/共48页第三十二页，共48页。5)表条件表条件(tiojin)Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find

26、a way.)一直一直(yzh)往前走，你就会看到一座白色地往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。房子。_, you will see a white house.Walking ahead(If you _ _, you will see a white house.Working hard, you will succeed.努力努力(n l)吧，吧， 你会成功的。你会成功的。（If you _ _, you will succeed.walk aheadwork head第32页/共48页第三十三页，共48页。尽管拼命尽管拼命(pn mng)地工作，他一点都不觉得累。地工作，他一点都不觉得累

27、。Workiing hard, he didnt feel a bit tired.（=Although he worked hard, he didnt feel a bit tired.)Knowing all this , they made me pay for the damage.（=Even though they _ _ _, they made me pay for the damage.尽管尽管(jn gun)知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。knew all this第33页/共48页第三十四页，共48页。逻辑逻辑(lu j)主语主

28、语 ones doing Do you mind Tims smoking here?Excuse me for my being late.She accepted his apology for his being rude. ones 形容词型物主代词形容词型物主代词人称人称(rnchng)代词宾格代词宾格名词名词(mng c)所有格所有格第34页/共48页第三十五页，共48页。动名词的复合(fh)结构注意比较下面两个句子(j zi),它们有什么区别与联系I dont mind smoking here.I dont mind his smoking here.共同点:都是相当于名词不同

29、点:动名词的复合结构有了自己的动作发出(fch)者,如,his谁抽烟,他抽第35页/共48页第三十六页，共48页。 7) 7)与逻辑主语构成独立主格：与逻辑主语构成独立主格：-ing-ing形式作状语时形式作状语时, , 它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的，如果两者不构成主谓关系一致的，如果两者不构成主谓关系, , 只能用独立主格结只能用独立主格结构构, , 即给现在分词补充一个主语。即给现在分词补充一个主语。 如果时间允许，我们如果时间允许，我们(w men)(w men)将做另两个练习。将做另两个练习。Time permitting, well do ano

30、ther two Time permitting, well do another two exercises.exercises.(=If _ _, well do another two (=If _ _, well do another two exercises)exercises)分词的逻辑主语是分词的逻辑主语是time , time , 而句子的主语是而句子的主语是I , I , 两者不两者不构成主谓关系构成主谓关系, , 所以只能用独立主格结构所以只能用独立主格结构, , 也就是给现也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。在分词补充一个主语。 I waiting for the bus,

31、a bird fell on my I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heardheard(=when I for the bus, a bird (=when I for the bus, a bird fell on my fell on my heard.) heard.)time permitswas waiting 第36页/共48页第三十七页，共48页。独立主格中的注意事项独立主格中的注意事项（1 1）独立主格有时也可用）独立主格有时也可用with (without) +with (without) +名名词词(mng c)(mng

32、c)（代词宾格）（代词宾格）+ +分词形式分词形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。他点着灯睡着了。（2 2）有些固定用法作独立成分）有些固定用法作独立成分( (悬垂分词悬垂分词) )：Judging from(by) his appearance, he must Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.be an actor.generally speaking, frankly

33、speaking, generally speaking, frankly speaking, considering,considering,/taking in consideration, /taking in consideration, toto tell you tell you the truth,etc.the truth,etc.第37页/共48页第三十八页，共48页。6. Doing 作宾语作宾语(bny)补足语。句中的谓补足语。句中的谓语动词语动词通常为通常为 a: 感官动词，感官动词，如：如：see, notice, watch, hear, listen to, fe

34、el, observe, find + sb + doing We heard the children singing in her room.We watched the children diving into the water from the top board. 第38页/共48页第三十九页，共48页。 b. 役使动词. 表示“使”，“让”的意思(y s)。 keep sb doing 保持. leave sb doing 使处于 get sb/ sth doing让做 have sb doing 让做. set sb/ sth doing使Well soon have you

35、walking again. 我们我们(w men)会不久让你重新走起会不久让你重新走起来。来。I leave the machine running all day. 我让机器我让机器(j q)整天运转着。整天运转着。第39页/共48页第四十页，共48页。 More examples Step 1. People saw the police. The police were breaking the window with a hammer. （简单句）（简单句）Step 2. People saw the police who were breaking the window with

36、a hammer. （定语（定语(dngy)从句从句）Step 3. People saw the police breaking the window with a hammer. ( doing 短语短语(duny)作宾作宾补）补）第40页/共48页第四十一页，共48页。1.Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _ with him. (06年上海高考(o ko)）to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued2.Victor apologized for

37、_to inform me of the change in the plan.(04年上海高考(o ko)）A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able7.运用运用(ynyng)：Grammar work 语法专练语法专练第41页/共48页第四十二页，共48页。3.Ill never forget _Paris for the first time.A. to visit B. visit C. visiting D. visited4.I regret _har

38、d at school.A. not to study B. not having studiedC. not study D. having not studied5.The old man needs_.A.look after B. looking after C. being looked after D. to look after第42页/共48页第四十三页，共48页。6.The problem is worth_.A discussing B. discuss C being discussed D. discussed7.Please remember _the lights

39、before _the classroom.A. turn off; leave B. to turn off; leavingC. turning off; leave D. turning off; leaving8._is believing.A. to see B. SeeingC. See D. having seen.第43页/共48页第四十四页，共48页。9.Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 10.Johns bad habit i

40、s _ without thorough understanding. A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading第44页/共48页第四十五页，共48页。 11. _in the queue of half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 12. The picture _ on the wall is painted b

41、y my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung第45页/共48页第四十六页，共48页。13. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered14. He looked around and caught a man_ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting第46页/共48页第四十七页，共48页。16. The _ waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.”A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile第47页/共48页第四十八页，共48页。