初中英语代词讲解学习教案.pptx

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1、会计学1初中英语代词初中英语代词(dic)讲解讲解第一页，共28页。2一一. .概念概念(ginin(ginin) )代词是代替名词的一种词类。用来代词是代替名词的一种词类。用来(yn li)代替上文中提到过的人或物。大多数代替上文中提到过的人或物。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。代词具有名词和形容词的功能。第1页/共28页第二页，共28页。人称代词人称代词(dic)物主代词物主代词(dic)反身代词反身代词(dic)指示代词指示代词(dic)疑问代词疑问代词(dic)不定代词不定代词(dic)相互代词相互代词(dic)关系代词关系代词(dic)二、分类二、分类: 按其意义、特征按其意义、特

2、征(tzhng)及在句中的作用分为：及在句中的作用分为：主格主格I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they, 宾格宾格(bn ) me, you, her, him, it, us, you, themadj性性 my, your, her, his, its, our, your, their, n性性 mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, yours, theirs myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, onese

3、lfthis, that, these, those, each other, one another who, whom, which, whose, whatwho, whom, which, whose, that, assth; sb; both; all; no; another, others 第2页/共28页第三页，共28页。1.人称人称(rnchng)代词代词主格主格:I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they, 宾格宾格(bn ): me, you, her, him, it, us, you, them1).用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语用作主语

4、时用主格，用作宾语、表语(bioy)时用宾格。时用宾格。 The Kings are music-lovers. They often go to the concert.Nancy is a P.E teacher. Ive known her for years.第3页/共28页第四页，共28页。 2)两个两个(lin )以上的人称代词并列时以上的人称代词并列时,其次序排列原则其次序排列原则: 二三一二三一 人人 称称. “我我”总是放在最后总是放在最后, 在并列主语中在并列主语中,排列顺序为排列顺序为: you, she/he and I, 并列宾格并列宾格: you, her/ him

5、 and me, You, she and I will be in charge of the case. Mr. Li asked you, Tom and me to clean the windows.第4页/共28页第五页，共28页。63) 3) 人称代词的特殊用法：人称代词的特殊用法：she, her she, her 通常用来代表国家、船只通常用来代表国家、船只(chunzh)(chunzh)、大地、月亮等。、大地、月亮等。 The Titanic, the largest ship at that time started her first journey on a sunn

6、y day. China is my motherland, although she is not rich enough now, I still love her very much. 第5页/共28页第六页，共28页。 it 的用法的用法:1).代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事物事物2) 表示性别不明显的婴儿表示性别不明显的婴儿(yng r)3)指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人,或只闻其或只闻其声未见声未见 其人的其人的, 非活生生的具体真人。非活生生的具体真人。4)指代天气、时间、距离指代天气、时间、距离 A:

7、 Whos the man beside you in the photo?B: Its my cousin Henry.A: Someone is knocking at the door, Who can it be?B: I bet its Mike. I warned him not to smoke, but it didnt help.Look at the baby, its so cute/lovely.It is Wednesday today. It is ten minutes walk from my house to the park.It is fifteen ye

8、ars since he came to Shanghai.第6页/共28页第七页，共28页。5)在一些惯用结构中作形式主语在一些惯用结构中作形式主语(zhy)或形式宾语或形式宾语It is important for us to learn English well. It is kind/nice of you to help me 。I find/think it useful to read English every day.It is said that an traffic accident happened to him last nightIt seemed that his

9、 interview was a success.第7页/共28页第八页，共28页。 make it （口语）获得成功; take it easy 从容，不着急 let it go 不去理会,随它去（不屑或懒得多说或做什么） this / that is it 这/那正是我(们)所需要的; 这/那正是失败的原因(yunyn)所在； 这/那正是最后的结果了。He never really made it as an actor before 2000.We still have half an hour, take it easy!I overheard her talking about me

10、, but I let it go.Ive been looking for a house for months and I think this is it.Im afraid thats it, we have lost the match !第8页/共28页第九页，共28页。2.物主代词物主代词 adj 物主代词属于限定词物主代词属于限定词, 后面后面(hu mian)必须有必须有n, 只能作定语。只能作定语。 n 性物主代词在用法上相当于性物主代词在用法上相当于 “adj 词性物主代词词性物主代词+n” 既有表示所属的作用既有表示所属的作用(zuyng)又有指代作用又有指代作用(zu

11、yng)， This isnt her pen. Hers looks newer and cleaner.主语主语(zhy)I lost my bike, Can I use yours.宾语宾语Look for your keys in your bag, not in mine.介词宾语介词宾语: 第9页/共28页第十页，共28页。含有物主代词的词组含有物主代词的词组 on ones own=by oneself 独立地，独自地独立地，独自地try / do ones best to do sth竭尽全力做某事竭尽全力做某事lose ones way / temper /life. 迷路

12、迷路/发脾气发脾气/丧命丧命(sng mng)lose ones heart to sb/ sth=fall in love with 钟情于钟情于in ones forties/ fifties 在某人在某人40 / 50岁的时候岁的时候do ones homework 做作业；做作业；in ones opinion 依某人看依某人看be ones own master / mistress 独立自主独立自主第10页/共28页第十一页，共28页。12keep / lose ones balance( 因保持因保持/失去平衡而失去平衡而) 稳住稳住/倒倒下下Keep / lose ones h

13、ead 保持镇定保持镇定/昏头，冲动昏头，冲动Keep / break ones promise 信守信守/违背诺言违背诺言keep / break ones word 守信守信(shu xn) /失信失信,食言食言 eat ones words 承认自己说错话承认自己说错话on ones way to sp在去某地的路上在去某地的路上in ones free/ spare time 在某人的闲暇时光在某人的闲暇时光hold ones breath 屏息屏息; lose ones breath气喘吁吁气喘吁吁to ones surprise/disappointment令某人惊讶令某人惊讶/失

14、望的是失望的是第11页/共28页第十二页，共28页。1).作动词的作动词的Please help yourself to some fish, Lora. 2).作介词的宾语作介词的宾语Shes very angry with herself for her carelessness. Im confident of myself= I have confidence in myself.3).作表语作表语: Im not feeling myself today. 4). 作同位语，起强调作同位语，起强调(qing dio)作用作用The book itself is good, but i

15、t isnt suitable for you.3.反身代词反身代词(fn shn di c)myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself第12页/共28页第十三页，共28页。enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得开心teach oneself sth =learn sth by oneself 自学(zxu)buy oneself sth=buy sth for oneself 为自己买call oneself a writer / Ja

16、y Chou 自称作家/周杰论introduce oneself 自我介绍；be proud of oneself自豪devote oneself to 全神贯注于;献身于behave oneself 举止规范; express oneself 表达思想hurt oneself 弄伤自己; dress oneself (up) 穿衣(打扮) Help oneself to some随便吃/ 喝点.make oneself at home, 放松；别拘束make oneself understood 让别人明白/理解自己think more of oneself than others考虑自己多

17、于别人feel oneself 感到有精神; look oneself 跟往常一样健康by oneself =on ones own 独自地;独立地 一些常见的包含反身代词一些常见的包含反身代词(fn shn di c)的词组的词组第13页/共28页第十四页，共28页。 指示代词的句法功能(gngnng): 作主语、宾语、介词宾语: 4.指示指示(zhsh)代词代词:this , these 一般指时间(shjin)或空间上较近的人或物；that, those 常指时间(shjin)或空间较远的人或物。1 This is the best way to do learn English. 2

18、I like this better than that.3 I dont want to talk about that.第14页/共28页第十五页，共28页。16指示代词的特殊指代功能指示代词的特殊指代功能(gngnng)： 1.介绍别人时要用介绍别人时要用 this is; This is Miss Li. This is Tom 2.this 常指下文中要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；常指下文中要讲到的事物，有启下的作用； that 则指上文中提到过的人则指上文中提到过的人/事物有承上的作用。事物有承上的作用。 I want to tell you this: The party will

19、 be put off. He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.第15页/共28页第十六页，共28页。3.打电话时打电话时“你你” “我我” 不用不用(byng)“you” “I ” 而要用而要用 that, this, A: Who is that? B: This is Lily speaking. 4.that和和those可作可作(k zu)定语从句的先行词定语从句的先行词, those常用来指人常用来指人 We are looking for those who sing and dance well. 第16页/共28

20、页第十七页，共28页。5.相互相互(xingh)代代词词each other, one another each other指两个人/物之间, one another指多个之间, 但 each other 常用来代替 one another相互代词(dic)只能作动词和介词的宾语 相互相互(xingh)代词可加代词可加-s构成所有格，例如：构成所有格，例如：People should care about and help each other /one another.We write to each other. Although theyve talked for five hours,

21、 they dont know each others names. 第17页/共28页第十八页，共28页。6.疑问疑问(ywn)代词代词:指人指人: who, whom, whose; 指物指物: what; 指人指人/物物: which疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语,位于谓语位于谓语(wiy)动词之前动词之前, 没有性和数的变化没有性和数的变化, 除除who之外也没有之外也没有格的变化。格的变化。who问姓名问姓名/关系关系, what 问职业问职业 等等第18页/共28页第十九页，共28页。就划线部分就划线部分(b fen)提问提问1.The

22、 man with long hair is an artist2.The man has long hair3. The car over there is mine.4. My car is over there.5.Sally gave John a card yesterday. Who is an artist? Which man is an artist ? What is the man with long hair ? What is yours ? Which car is yours ? Whose is the car over there ? Whose car is

23、 over there? What is over there?Where is your car Who gave John a car yesterday ? Whom did Sally give a card to yesterday ? What did Sally give John yesterday ? Who has long hair? What does the man look like? 第19页/共28页第二十页，共28页。*7.关系关系(gun x)代词代词是用来引导是用来引导(yndo)定语从句的代词，包括定语从句的代词，包括 who, whom, which,

24、 whose, that.用于指人用于指人 : who whom, that ; 用于指物用于指物 : which和和that , whose 既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物; 1.who, which和和 that用作主语用作主语(zhy), He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Beijing. 2.whom, which, that用作宾语用作宾语, The man (whom/ that) you saw is a famous actor. Is this

25、the book (which/that) you bought last week? 3.whose用作定语用作定语, 如：如： He is the man whose car was stolen last week. This is the car whose windows were broken.第20页/共28页第二十一页，共28页。8、不定、不定(bdng)代词代词1). something, anything, nothing, everything, Something is wrong with my watch.Is there anything important in

26、 todays newspaper?Would you give me something to drink?不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语(bny)、同位语、定语、状语、同位语、定语、状语等（等（every、no只能作定语）只能作定语） 第21页/共28页第二十二页，共28页。2).one, ones, 指代与上文中提到的指代与上文中提到的n 同类中的一个同类中的一个(y )/一些一些,单数为单数为one, 复复数为数为ones. one(s) 可带形容词修饰

27、语或限定词可带形容词修饰语或限定词: a/an, the, some, any, next, this, that, which和定语从句和定语从句.Is this hat the one you bought in France? The blue vase is twice as expensive as the white one.These apples are too small, do you have any bigger ones?第22页/共28页第二十三页，共28页。1.Kellys right eye is green, its _ eye is blue.2.I am

28、still hungry, can I have _cake? 3.Do you mind showing me some _ pears, these are too small.4. There is only one glove, where is _?5.We need _ five days to finish the work. 6.Therere many people in the park, some are flying kites some are taking a walk and _ are sitting on the grass.7.Two boys and on

29、e girl in our class come from Taiwan, _are from Shanghai.other the other onethe others / the restothersanother other another3）. another(+ 单数/ 数字+ 复数) ,又一个/几个(泛指) the other两者中的另一个( 前面一般有 two, twins, eyes, ears, hands, gloves, the street, parents等暗含2 的n) others (=other + 复数), 其他(qt)的;别的, (泛指),多与some 搭

30、配 the others(=other + 复数=the rest ), 其他(qt)的;剩余的, (特指) 与前面提到的部分相加等于全部,多与数字 搭配第23页/共28页第二十四页，共28页。 some (+复数n / 不可数n, (肯定句, 或建议请求(qngqi), any( +复数n / 不可数n)一些（否定句，疑问句） no复数(+单/复数n / 不可数n)没有=not any /not a both +复数（两者都)=both of + 复数 neither +单数（两者都不）= of + 复数 either +单数（两者中的任何一个） all +复数n / 不可数n（三个或三个以

31、上都/ 所有都） none of +复数（三个或三个以上都） any +单数（三个或三个以上中的任何一个） each +单数=each of+ pl (多个中的每一个, 强调个体与个性） every +单数（多个中的每一个, 强调整体与统一性）Therere tall trees on each /every side of the square. He has five sons, but none of them lives with him. Which would you like, tea or coffee ? Either. (Neither,-)There _ no_, Whi

32、ch of you would like to buy some? 第24页/共28页第二十五页，共28页。a little(+不可数n) =a bit of (milk),(肯定句,一点点)very little (+不可数n) 很少; only a little 仅一点点little(+不可数n)(否定(fudng)，几乎没有) many (+复数(fsh)n) 很多 (既用于否定句,也用于肯定句) much(+不可数n) 很多(既用于否定句,也用于肯定句) a few (+复数(fsh)n)几个 =several / a couple of few ( +复数(fsh)n )几乎没有 （

33、用于否定句) quite a few +复数(fsh)n, 相当多的; very few; only a few We have many classes and have to do too much homework every day, so each of us feel tired. She can speak little English, just a few simple words. He is a man of few words, so he has few friends She got quite a few presents but little pleasure from it.第25页/共28页第二十六页，共28页。第26页/共28页第二十七页，共28页。第27页/共28页第二十八页，共28页。