《大学英语》第四册全册.doc

《《大学英语》第四册全册.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《大学英语》第四册全册.doc（56页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流大学英语第四册全册.精品文档.大学英语第四册精品教案全册ContentsUnit One: Fighting with the Forces of Nature1Text A: The Icy Defender1Content1Grammar1Background Information1Napoleon1The Battle of Waterloo2Hitler2World War II3Siege of Leningrad列宁格勒保卫战3Language Points3Homework7Text B: The Normandy Landi

2、ng7Difficult Points:7In-class Activities8Answer to translation8Unit Two: Smart Cars8Text A: Smart Cars8Content8Grammar8Background Information8Global Positioning System8Intelligent Transportation Systems9Language Points10Homework13Text B: Intelligent Vehicles13词汇辨析13Difficult Points13In-class Activit

3、ies14Answer to translation14Unit Three: Job Interview14Text A: Get the Job You Want14Content14Grammar14as as14if not15Background Information15Jordan, Michael15Landy, John Michael15Bannister, Sir Roger15The New York Marathon16Rockefeller洛克菲勒财团16Language Points16Homework19Text B: A Mortal Flower19Diff

4、icult Points19In-class Activities20Some Dos and Donts in job interview20Answer to translation21Unit Four: The Multicultural Society21Text A: America as a Collage21Content21Grammar21have a / the sense that in the sense21Background Information21pluralism21multiculturalism文化多元主义22The Third World22Langu

5、age Points23Homework25Text B: Whats American about America?26Difficult Points26In-class Activities26Unit Five: Cruelty26Text A: A Friend in Need26Content26Grammar27it happened that27used to do27cant help doing27Background Information27Maugham, W(illiam) Somerset27Hemingway, Ernest Miller27Language P

6、oints28Homework32Text B: Man of the World32Difficult Points32In-class Activities33Answer to question33Unit Six: The Pace of Life33Text A: Old Father Time Becomes a Terror33Content33Grammar34 apart 34care about 34Background Information34Richard Tomkins: 理查德汤姆金斯34Industrial Revolution34Stress in the w

7、orkplace:35Language Points35Homework38Text B: Life in the Fast Lane39Difficult Points39In-class Activities39Answer to question39Unit Seven: Terrorism39Text A: The Nightmare and the Dreams39Content39Grammar40used to do40care/dont care40Background Information40The Wall Street Journal40Terrorism40World

8、 Trade Center41Manhattan41Language Points42Homework45Text B: Journey into the Shadows45Difficult Points45In-class Activities46Answer to question46Unit Eight: Travel46Text A: In the Jungle46Content46Grammar47start / get / have / setsb. doing47wonder if / what / how47Background Information47Amazon47Ec

9、uador48Andes48Orion猎户座49Language Points49Homework53Text B: Illinois Journey53Difficult Points53In-class Activities54Answer to question54Unit One: Fighting with the Forces of NatureText A: The Icy DefenderContentThey say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the man

10、y victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russians icy defender was to prove them wrong.本文作者在文中论述了任何军事行动都必须重视自然的因素。作者在文章中比较了拿破仑和希特勒对俄罗斯（苏联）的军事行动，并得出奇失败的原因没有充分重视俄罗斯冬天的严寒而失败。通过学习课文，我们可以明白，人类改变自然的目的是为了生存。但是，人类不能忽视自然规律。当希特勒和拿破仑意识到自己的傲

11、慢自大的时候，一切都为时已晚。Grammarto ones + n. 表示方向的句式Background InformationNapoleon纵观人类历史，征服者此伏彼起。成吉思汗花费一生的经历占领邻国以扩大蒙古帝国的疆土。许多罗马的征服者为了扩大罗马帝国的疆土采取了同样的方法曾经一度占领了今天的英国。蒙古帝国和罗马帝国的兴盛与衰落都已经灰飞烟灭。然而，如果想了解征服者，回顾如此遥远的历史则大可不必。1812年，拿破仑在征服战争中入侵俄罗斯。一个多世纪后，希特勒对苏联发动了大规模的军事行动。Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), was the greatest mi

12、litary genius of the 19th century. He conquered most of Western Europe and Egypt for France, while instituting reforms in these new territories aimed at guaranteeing civil liberties and improving the quality of life. He crowned himself emperor of France in 1804 and introduced reforms intended to uni

13、fy the revolution-fractured nation. Many of Napoleons reforms are still in effect today.The cult (崇拜) of Napoleon as the “man of destiny” began during his lifetime. As first consul (执政官) and emperor, he had engaged the best writers and artists of France and Europe to glorify his deeds and had contri

14、buted to the cult himself by the elaborate ceremonies with which he celebrated his rule. He maintained that he had preserved the achievements of the Revolution in France and offered their benefits to Europe. His goal, he said, was to found a European statea “federation of free peoples.” Whatever the

15、 truth of this, he became the arch-hero of the French and a martyr to the world. Napoleon was a driven man, never secure, never satisfied. “Power is my mistress,” he said. His life was work-cantered; even his social activities had a purpose. He could bear amusements or vacations only briefly. His ta

16、stes were for coarse food, bad wine, cheap snuff (吸鼻烟). He could be charminghypnotically sofor a purpose. He had intense loyaltiesto his family and old associates. Nothing and no one, however, were allowed to interfere with his work.Napoleon was sometimes a tyrant and always an authoritarian, but on

17、e who believed in ruling by mandate of the people, expressed in plebiscites. He was also a great enlightened monarcha civil executive of enormous capacity who changed French institutions and tried to reform the institutions of Europe and give the Continent a common law. Few deny that he was a milita

18、ry genius. At Saint Helena, he said, “Waterloo will erase the memory of all my victories.” He was wrong; for better or worse, he is best remembered as a general, not for his enlightened government, but the latter must be counted if he is justly to be called Napoleon the Great.The Battle of WaterlooW

19、hen Napoleon I ascended the French throne for the second time, after escaping in 1815 from exile on the Mediterranean island of Elba, allied forces united to challenge him militarily. An allied army of British, Dutch, Belgian, and German units, joined by Prussian troops, assembled near the Belgian v

20、illage of Waterloo, where they defeated Napoleons army and put an end to his ambitions to rule Europe. On June 22, 1815, Napoleon signed his final abdication and resumed exile on the island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic.The Battle of Waterloo figures prominently in literature. It is an impor

21、tant feature of the epic poem Childe Harolds Pilgrimage (1818) by the British poet Lord Byron, and the poetic drama The Dynasts (1908), by the British author Thomas Hardy. The battle is also an event in the plots of the novels The Charterhouse of Parma (1839), by the French writer Stendhal; Vanity F

22、air (1848), by the British author William M. Thackeray; and Les Misrables (1862), by the French writer Victor Hugo.拿破仑战争中最后一次、起决定性作用的战役。滑铁卢战役宣告法国对欧洲大陆的统治，新的欧洲政治秩序与均衡被很快重新建立起来。1815年6月18日，在滑铁卢附近（现在的比利时）的战斗被称为现代历史的重大转折点。HitlerAdolf Hitler (1889-1945), German political and military leader and one of the

23、 20th centurys most powerful dictators. Hitler converted Germany into a fully militarized society and launched World War II in 1939. He made anti-Semitism a keystone of his propaganda and policies and built the Nazi Party (National Socialism) into a mass movement. He hoped to conquer the entire worl

24、d, and for a time dominated most of Europe and much of North Africa. He instituted sterilization and euthanasia measures to enforce his idea of racial purity among German people and caused the slaughter of millions of Jews, Sinti and Roma (Gypsies), Slavic peoples, and many others, all of whom he co

25、nsidered inferior.Hitler left Germany and much of Europe in ruins. Over 60 million people died worldwide in the war, and tens of millions more lost their health and homes. Certain that they did not want to fight the Germans a third time, the Allies insisted on an unconditional surrender. They occupi

26、ed all of Germany and divided it into British, French, American, and Soviet zones. Even after the western zones were joined into the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949, the country remained divided until 1990.The German people discovered for the first time the extent to which modern warfare could d

27、estroy a country. The events of the war also demonstrated to many Germans the problems of dictatorship. Increasing numbers were now prepared to try a different, democratic, path at home, as well as an attempt at reconciliation with their neighbours. The war also brought the Soviet Army into central

28、Europe and provided the Soviet regime with legitimacy in the eyes of its own people, a new empire in east and southeast Europe, and superpower status in the world. The world role of the United States was also enhanced in spite of the American preference for remaining aloof. Outside of Europe, the wa

29、r hastened the end of colonial empires and the emergence of the new Jewish state of Israel. It also brought about the creation of new international organizations like the United Nations (UN) that might prevent such wars in the future.Ironically, these developments were the exact opposite of what Hit

30、ler had hoped for. His ambition to make Berlin the capital of the world was not realized, and the enormous buildings he started designing for it in the 1920s were never built. 希特勒是德国二战期间的政治和军事统帅，20世纪的独裁者之一。他将德国彻底改变为军事化的国家，并且发动了第二次世界大战。他将反犹太视为其宣传和政策的基石。他企图政府整个世界，并一度占领了欧洲和北非的大部分。在希特勒的领导下的第三帝国期间，实行种族灭绝

31、政策，德国以及其占领国领土上大量建造死亡集中营，犹太人以及其他人种的遭到了大屠杀他笃信他所属的“雅利安种族”天生就是高贵的，而犹太种族则恰恰相反是低贱的。World War IIWorld War II, global military conflict that, in terms of lives lost and material destruction, was the most devastating war in human history. It began in 1939 as a European conflict between Germany and an Anglo-F

32、rench coalition but eventually widened to include most of the nations of the world. It ended in 1945, leaving a new world order dominated by the United States and the USSR.More than any previous war, World War II involved the commitment of nations entire human and economic resources, the blurring of

33、 the distinction between combatant and non-combatant, and the expansion of the battlefield to include all of the enemys territory. The most important determinants of its outcome were industrial capacity and personnel. In the last stages of the war, two radically new weapons were introduced: the long

34、-range rocket and the atomic bomb. In the main, however, the war was fought with the same or improved weapons of the types used in World War I. The greatest advances were in aircraft and tanks.Siege of Leningrad列宁格勒保卫战1941年7月至9月，希特勒的北方集团军以优势兵力突破苏军抵抗，进抵苏联第二大城市列宁格勒，妄图迫使列宁格勒不战而降。但列宁格勒人民英勇不屈，不顾敌机的狂轰滥炸，忍

35、饥挨饿，坚持生产，很多工人和居民自动拿起武器到前线作战。从1941年9月8日到1944年1月27日列宁格勒被围困的872天里，苏联政府和人民通过拉多加湖的“生命之路”成功地组织了对城市和军队的供应。列宁格勒前线部队、波罗的海舰队击退了敌人不断的进攻，终于在1944年1月彻底粉碎了德军对列宁格勒的封锁。3月苏军把德军从列宁格勒击退200多公里。在伟大的列宁格勒保卫战中，共有60多万居民和苏军官兵献出了生命。Language PointsThe Icy DefenderNila B. Smithin the case of: an example of a particular situation

36、 or of something happeningThe amount of fruit in fruit juices must be 6% in the case of berries and 10% in the case of other fruits.stand / get / in the way: to prevent someone from doing somethingI always encouraged Brian. I didnt want to stand in his way.You cant stand in the way of progress!launc

37、h: to start something, usually something big or important:The organization has launched a campaign to raise $150,000.The Canadian police plan to launch an investigation into the deal.launch an attack/assault/offensive发动进攻等The press launched a vicious attack on the President.The book launched his car

38、eer as a novelist.campaign: a series of actions intended to achieve a particular result relating to politics or business, or a social improvementFlorida was a key state in his campaign for re-election. an anti-bullying campaignan advertising campaigna campaign for equal rights Jones ran a good campa

39、ign.He raised nearly $30 million in campaign funds.Police have launched a campaign to crack down on drug dealers.conquest: the act of getting control of a country by fightingthe Norman Conquest (=the conquest of England by the Normans) conquest ofthe Spanish conquest of the Inca Empiredecisive: acti

40、on, event etc that is decisive has a big effect on the way that something develops; someone who is decisive is good at making decisions quickly and with confidenceWomen can play a decisive role in the debate over cloning.We will take decisive steps towards political union with Europe.a talent for qu

41、ick decisive actionThe answer was a decisive no. (definite and clear in a way that leaves no doubt)retreat1. to move away from the enemy after being defeated in battle:The rebels retreated to the mountains.2. to move away from someone or something; if an area of water, snow, or land retreats, it gra

42、dually gets smaller:He saw her and retreated, too shy to speak to her.It was not a conscious choice to retreat from public life.The flood waters are slowly retreating.3. to decide not to do something you were planning to do, because it was unpopular or too difficult:The Canadian government has retre

43、ated from a plan to kill 300 wolves.be / get bogged down: if a process or plan becomes bogged down, it is delayed so that no progress is made; if something gets bogged down, it becomes stuck in soft ground and is unable to moveTalks to settle the pay dispute have become bogged down.Dont let yourself

44、 get bogged down in minor details.The car got bogged down in the mud.engage: to begin to fight an enemyAmerican forces did not directly engage.The commander ordered the soldiers to engage the enemy immediately.engage with sb/sth: to get involved with other people and their ideas in order to understa

45、nd themAre you so tired you dont have the energy to engage with your kids?be faced with: have to deal withI was faced with the awful job of breaking the news to the girls family.the difficulties faced by the policeIf he is found guilty, he faces up to 12 years in jail.take a gamble: take a riskIn a

46、depressed market, we cannot afford to take a gamble on a new product.The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off.press on also press ahead: to continue doing something, especially working, in a determined wayWell talk about your suggestion laternow lets just pre

47、ss on.Shall we press ahead with the minutes of the last meeting?occupation: a job or profession; when a large group of people enter a place and take control of it, especially by military force; when someone lives or stays in a building or placePlease state your name, address and occupation.professional and managerial occupationsWhen the first scientists came to the region they found little evidence of human occupation.drag on: if an event or situation drags on, it continues for too longan expensive court battle that could drag on for yearsTh