外国语文导论.ppt

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1、外国语文导论外国语文导论课程总揽课程总揽INTRODUCTION 课程性质：外国语学院本科一年级类级平台课（英、日、俄、法） 课程目的：专业教育与学习方法 课程特点：趣味性、知识性，点面结合 授课方式：系列讲座（汉语） 涉及内容：语言、文学、文化、翻译 拟用考试方法：课程论文（2000字）与 课堂考试 参考阅读书目：1、沈 阳 编著, 语言学常识十五讲北京大学出版社，2005年。2、徐葆耕 著，西方文学十五讲北京大学出版社，2003年。3、陈乐民 著，欧洲文明十五讲北京大学出版社，2004年。4、袁 明 主编，美国文化十五讲北京大学出版社，2005年。主讲教师 指定的其他参考阅读书目 学习的目

2、的：兴趣爱好，今后的发展， 好的工作 Why do we choose to learn English, French, Japanese or Russian and take it as our major ? Globalization, Information Age, IT, Interpersonal Communication, Self-cultivation, Jobs. 人类独有的特性语言人类独有的特性语言 研究语言的科学语言学研究语言的科学语言学 语言的物质载体语音语言的物质载体语音 语言的书写符号文字语言的书写符号文字 语言的建筑材料语汇语言的建筑材料语汇 语言的结构

3、规则语法语言的结构规则语法 语言的表达内容语义语言的表达内容语义 语言的运用特点语用语言的运用特点语用 语言的发展和变化语言的发展和变化 语言的获得和学习语言的获得和学习 语言与思维活动语言与思维活动 语言与文学语言与文学 语言与民族文化语言与民族文化 语言与科学技术语言与科学技术 语言与创新思维语言与创新思维 Language learning and acquisition: Knowledge enrichment and language acquisitionthe ability to use the language.语言学习：知识的获取语言学习：知识的获取/语言的能力语言的能力

4、 Input and output: 输入与输出的关系输入与输出的关系listening and reading;speaking and writing. 听、说、读、写、译听、说、读、写、译 Acquisitionthe ability to use the language, a more effective way of learning; 语言能力的培语言能力的培养养 Learning English as a knowledge: grammar, vocabulary, phrases and usages; 语言作为知识语言作为知识来掌握来掌握 Acquiring Englis

5、h as a comprehensive and practical skill: speaking, writing, communication and cultural background. 语言语言作为综合作为综合 知识和实际能力知识和实际能力 Features of modern approaches to language-learning:学习语言的特质学习语言的特质-Renewed interest in learning;兴趣培养兴趣培养-Use, not just study; 学习与使用学习与使用-Interaction; 互动互动-Fluency as well as

6、 accuracy;流利流利/准确准确-Relevant;相关知识相关知识-Discourse. 论说能力论说能力 Skills integration: Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing; 听、说、读、写 四个技能的关联 Learning without thinking is Blind, and thinking without learning is Deaf (学而不思侧盲，思而不学侧聋). Unwise man reasons with and persuades himself with other peoples words; w

7、hile wise man reasons with and persuades himself with his own words. 语言语言-思考思考-自我发现自我发现-自我完善自我完善 “It is what goes wrong that brings out our best. It is the risk that makes the story worth telling.” We should make our stories worth listening to. 学习过程与学习结果学习过程与学习结果 Writing needs more attention in lang

8、uage learning; 动手能力、思维能力动手能力、思维能力 The receptive skills: Listening and Reading The productive skills: Speaking and Writing 接受与表达接受与表达 Unwise man reasons with and persuades himself with other peoples words; while wise man reasons with and persuades himself with his own words. 语言语言-思考思考-自我发现自我发现-自我完善自我

9、完善 “It is what goes wrong that brings out our best. It is the risk that makes the story worth telling.” We should make our stories worth listening to. 学习过程与学习结果学习过程与学习结果 Spiders weave their webs of their own lives, and we, human beings, weave in language the meaning of our own lives. An acceptable w

10、riting is a bold, clear, and well-developed argument presented in a unified, cohesive, and organized form. THINKING GLOBALY ACTING LOCALLYREADING CRITICALLYWRITING CREATIVELYWORKING ACTIVELY措施与对策措施与对策 1 1、夯实基础，盘活夯实基础，盘活“知识存量知识存量”； 2 2、注重学习与实践的过程；、注重学习与实践的过程； 3 3、加强课堂学习，激发学习激情；、加强课堂学习，激发学习激情； 4 4、注重参

11、与过程、注重参与过程; ; 5 5、加强综合水平训练；、加强综合水平训练； 6 6、强化学习与实践环境；、强化学习与实践环境； 7 7、增强创新思维运动，转化知识为智慧、增强创新思维运动，转化知识为智慧。 什么是教育？什么是教育？-认知，经验的分享，激活、丰富和提升认知，经验的分享，激活、丰富和提升思想。思想。-经验，经验是智慧的过程：经验，经验是智慧的过程：知识知识信息、切入、经验信息、切入、经验 智慧。智慧。-教育中要解决知识与经验的矛盾。教育中要解决知识与经验的矛盾。 创新思维：创新思维：自己思考问题的能力，不能仅仅把教师作为自己自己思考问题的能力，不能仅仅把教师作为自己知识的来源。知识

12、的来源。博大与精深，有限于无限，局部与整体博大与精深，有限于无限，局部与整体如何有效表达自我：语言，形体，如何有效表达自我：语言，形体，沟通。每一个人的发展取决于自我和其主动性，沟通。每一个人的发展取决于自我和其主动性，能动性和积极性。能动性和积极性。 人的主动性、能动性、积极性；人的主动性、能动性、积极性； 创新教育：亲历探求的过程创新教育：亲历探求的过程探求探求的知识，探求的方法；的知识，探求的方法； 变被动接受为共建参与；变被动接受为共建参与； 变知道为知识，变知识为智慧；变知道为知识，变知识为智慧； 个体与团队、与社会的关系；个体与团队、与社会的关系； 价值的体现与责任的承担。价值的体

13、现与责任的承担。语言能力是外语教与学的语言能力是外语教与学的最终关怀最终关怀语言能力不只是记忆的能力，也语言能力不只是记忆的能力，也不仅仅是知识的获得，真正的外不仅仅是知识的获得，真正的外语习得应该是一种新的语言习惯语习得应该是一种新的语言习惯的建立。的建立。 Joseph Conrad: “Literature is more nearer to the truth.” （文学更贴近真（文学更贴近真实）实） Objective or Subjective; The Art of Reading the Novel; “To read without plan is to live chaot

14、ically, or at least carelessly”; Criticism as “the souls adventure among master pieces”; Literature makes its appeal to the imagination; Imagination: Life through reading, cf. life through living; “Only by living fully can we fully understand a good book, and only by reading fully, and understanding

15、 most of what we read, can we realize all the possibilities that living presents.” Most books of criticism are intended for writers and other critics, not to the average reader. Critics Function: interpretation, not judgment. Tolstoi: “Art is the transmission of emotion.” Experienced reader, or inte

16、rpreter, or scholar. Capable of experiencing and communicating; Literature contains “criticism of life”; A novel may show us worlds we do not know, but should know. A novel may correct our perspective toward the world with which we are too well acquainted. Imaginative literature must draw on life an

17、d mirror it concretely Art is the control of experience: The control of the artist; Over himself; Over the medium selected; Over the reader or observer of the artistic work; Philosophy: philosopher teaches obscurely; Art may interpret reality to men, and men to themselves; poet is popular philosophe

18、r; poetry is philosophy teaching by example; “Artists do not choose their subject instead their subject has apparently chosen them.” Art is a “controlled dream”. Criticism is to analyze or judge how and who control/ is controlled? Power of language. A principle joy in art is the rediscovery of ourse

19、lves. Novel is the broadest stage for testing of philosophical or ethical ideas. Novel is a vessel of life, transparent, like a chemists test tube. “蜗牛壳蜗牛壳 之于蜗牛是居留之所在，之于蜗牛是居留之所在，语言之于人也是居留之所在。蜗语言之于人也是居留之所在。蜗牛将自己的家永远背负在身，人牛将自己的家永远背负在身，人亦将自己的居家永远背负在身。亦将自己的居家永远背负在身。” “人对于语言须臾不离的依赖状人对于语言须臾不离的依赖状态即人类的基本生存状态之一是：态即人类的基本生存状态之一是：人活在语言中，人不得不活在语人活在语言中，人不得不活在语言中，人活在程式性语言中。言中，人活在程式性语言中。” -钱冠连钱冠连 如何做一个合格的如何做一个合格的21世纪公民？世纪公民？THANK YOU!