中小企业不良信贷的影响因素分析.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流中小企业不良信贷的影响因素分析.精品文档.中小企业不良信贷的影响因素分析 中小企业不良信贷的影响因素分析(14000字) 摘 要：信贷融资一直是我国中小企业融资的主要渠道，而企业在信贷融资过程中，常常因自身原因或市场及相关政策的不断变动等因素的影响，产生不良信贷，陷入财务风险。本文从管理层对债务融资风险不够警觉，信用意识 .中小企业不良信贷的影响因素分析(字)摘  要：信贷融资一直是我国中小企业融资的主要渠道，而企业在信贷融资过程中，常常因自身原因或市场及相关政策的不断变动等因素的影响，产生不良信贷，陷入财务风险。本文从管理层对债务

2、融资风险不够警觉，信用意识薄弱；企业缺乏债务筹资的规划；企业自身抗风险能力差，利率和汇率的变动四个方面分析中小企业不良信贷产生的主要影响因素，并针对这些因素，提出了相应的风险防范建议和对策。关键词：不良信贷；债务融资；融资风险；信贷融资 Analysis of Effects of SMEs With a Bad CreditAbstract: Credit facility are now recognised to be the main channel for SMEs financing in China. However, enterprises often sink into fi

3、nancial risk due to reasons related to policy or market and the continuous changes in other factors. To be aim at the problems of weak awareness of credit risk, the lack of debt financing business planning, changes in interest and exchange rates and enterprises themselves incompetent to handle the r

4、isk, This article put forward some corresponding risk prevention suggestions and strategies. Keywords: Bad Credit; Debt Financing; Financing risk; Credit facilities研究内容全文共分四大部分，第一部分绪论，简述研究的背景，研究方法及其研究意义；第二部分介绍中小企业信贷融资的现状及相关背景；第三部分从管理层对债务融资风险不够警觉，信用意识薄弱；企业缺乏债务筹资的规划；企业自身抗风险能力差和利率和汇率的变动四个因素，分析认为这是中小企业不

5、良信贷、债务融资风险的产生最主要的影响因素；第四部分对如何防范企业产生不良信贷，导致财务危机提出相应的对策。从雪国中的物哀看日本人的文艺审美(9900字)摘 要：川端康成可以说是日本传统美意识的集大成者。1968 年，凭借千羽鹤、雪国、古都等作品获得诺贝尔文学奖。在川端的作品中充满了物哀、幽玄、细腻等传统美学思想和佛教的虚无主义思想。川端通过描绘日本人的自然观和宗教观，来解释并在世界传播日本文学的思想。所谓美学，在任何时代都是有共同点的，只是表现形式各异。雪国可以说是一篇反映日本美学的一面镜子。理解川端康成作品中对传统美意识的追求，在此基础上去认识日本传统美意识在近代文学作品中是如何表现、如何

6、变化的，这对于近代日本文学研究有着重要的意义和价值。本文也将通过对雪国这部作品的分析理解上，去考察雪国中所表现的川端文学的美意识，即日本传统美意识。关键词：川端康成 传统美 雪国 美意识 物哀雪国物哀——日本美意識一面要旨：1968年、千羽鶴、雪国、古都一連作品賞受賞川端康成日本伝統美受継集大成者。川端文学作品中、物哀、幽玄、繊細日本伝統気質仏教虚無主義溢。川端日本人自然観宗教観通、日本文学思想解釈、世界日本文学精神見。美学、時期共通点、様形現。雪国作品、日本的美意識映鏡。川端文学伝統美追求理解上、日本伝統美近現代文学作品中使、変、日本文学研究重要意味価値。、雪国言作品

7、解読、中表現川端文学美意識日本伝統美意識考察。 ：川端康成 伝統美 雪国 美意識 物哀 英语委婉语-礼貌视角下的有意不合作(7200字)摘  要：委婉语是语言交际中的“润滑剂”；合作原则和礼貌原则是言语交际中交际双方应该遵守的最基本的原则。虽然委婉语的使用违反了“合作原则”，却遵循了“礼貌原则”，因此委婉语的语用特点是在礼貌原则指导下的有意不合作。关键词：委婉语；合作原则；礼貌原则 English Euphemism: Intentional Non-cooperation under the Pers

8、pective of Politeness PrincipleAbstract: In language communication, euphemism is a lubricant, whereas Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle are the essential principles that both communicative participants should obey. Though the use of euphemism sins against Cooperative Principle, it obser

9、ves Politeness Principle. Thus, the pragmatic characteristic of euphemism is the intentional non-cooperation under the perspective of Politeness Principle.Key words: Euphemism; Cooperative Principle; Politeness Principle论辩诉交易制度在我国的构建(附答辩记录)(包含选题审批表,任务书,开题报告,中期检查报告,毕业论文字,答辩记录,成绩评定册,实习成绩考核表) 摘  要

10、：在现代化进程中，刑事案件的攀升与有限的司法资源之间的矛盾越来越尖锐，成为现代刑事诉讼中迫切需要解决的问题。美国的辩诉交易制度在此背景下应运而生。辩诉交易体现了诉讼目的从实体正义、程序正义到形式正义的现实转变，其生命力源于在公正优先下对效率的很高程度的容纳。而且辩诉交易所体现的理念是有积极意义的，即政府与个人之间的对抗不是不可调和的，而是可以通过蕴含了平等价值理念的协商机制来解决。中国目前同样存在着司法资源的严重不足与案件数量日益攀升的尖锐矛盾，为了有效解决这一问题，笔者认为可以合理借鉴西方的先进司法制度。借鉴吸收辩诉交易制度的合理内核，结合我国的司法实践和法制进展状况，建立具有中国特色的辩诉

11、交易制度。关键词：辩诉交易；效率；公正；构建Plea Bargaining System Construction in ChinaAbstract：In modernization drive, the contradiction becomes sharper and sharper between soaring criminal cases and limited judicial resource, which has been a problem that needs solving urgently in modern criminal suit. Plea bargaining

12、 came into being accordingly under this background in American. Plea bargaining has reflected that the reality from entity’s justice, procedure justice to form justice of purpose of the lawsuit is changed. Its vitality comes from in just to lay high degree hold very to efficiency while being p

13、referential. And Plea bargaining has positive meaning in the idea reflected of the swap, namely the face-off between the government and individual is not implacable. It can be solved through the negotiation mechanism containing the equal value idea; this is the just representation of democratization

14、 development of criminal suit. The sharp contradiction exists too at present in China of soaring day by day of the quantity of case and the insufficient seriously of judicial resources. In order to solve this problem effectively, I think we can draw lessons from the western advanced judicial system

15、rationally. Our country can draw lessons from the rational kernel of Plea bargaining, the state that judicial practice and legal system of combining our country development and set up Plea bargaining system with Chinese characteristics. Key words：Plea bargaining，Justness，Efficiency，Designation关于中日方位

16、词“上”的对比研究(字)摘要：不管是中文还是日文中，都有“上”这样用于表示方向位置的方位词。方位词是人类认识世界必不可少的要素。众所周知，在中日两国的语言中上这个方位词是多义词，同时也是正确表达物体的位置关系和方向所不可或缺的、使沟通流畅开展的重要的因素。所以我决定对中日语言中表达空间关系的“上”这个方位词进行研究。“上”的基本意思是“高处、高的地方”，广义上来说意味着“空间”的概念，包含了上方、表面、内部（只在中文有这个意思）等意思。总的来看，在表达

17、空间概念方面，中日语言在方位词“上”中具有对应性和非对应性。因此本研究将以中日互译中的“上”为中心，对两种语言中的方位词“上”的对应性与非对应性方面进行了解。通过分析中日语言中“上”的意义而明确其中的对应关系，从而对中日在方位词“上”的异同点进行对比研究。关键词：方位词；“上”；对应性；非对应性；对比研究中日方位詞上比較研究要旨：中国語日本語上方向位置表方位詞。方位詞人間世界認知上共通言語要素。周知、中日両国上方位詞多義語、位置関係方向正表現上不可欠、

18、行重要要素中日両国上空間関係表方位詞研究。上基本的意味高位置、高表。広義言空間意味、上方、表面、内部（中国語持）意味含。全体的見、空間表中日両言語方位詞上対応性非対応性場合。 本研究中日対訳上方位詞中心、両言語方位詞上対応性非対応性調査。中日両言語上意味分析通、中日両言語上対応関係明確、上方位詞中日異同比較研究。：方位詞、上、対応性、非対応性、比較研究摘  要翻译作为沟通不同语言与文化的桥梁，在跨文化交际中起着不可或缺的作用。译者在翻译的过程中总会面临翻译策略的选择。翻译策略是指译者在处理源语与译语语言文化差异时所用的方法。在翻译中有两种基本策略：归化和异化。本文主要从翻译学、语言学

19、和跨文化交际的角度来讨论这两种翻译策略以及他们的应用。首先，文章概述了国内外翻译界对归化与异化研究的现状并指出继续深入研究的必要性；接着论述了语言、文化与翻译之间的相互关系；然后系统地讨论归化和异化这两种翻译策略，包括他们的定义，历史上的有关争论和当前的研究现状，并阐述了作者的观点。接下来本文讨论了影响译者选择翻译策略的因素，例如：文本类型、目标语读者的水平、翻译的社会历史背景、译者的翻译的目的及其文化态度等等。作者试图通过对这些因素进行详细分析，并结合具体例子，分别从语言和文化层面对中国古典名著红楼梦的两个英译本中归化与异化的应用进行比较研究（杨宪益译本和霍克斯译本），来论证异化与归化看似矛

20、盾，实则相互补充的辩证关系；异化和归化因其各具特点，在不同情况下都有其存在的价值，过于强调其中的一种是片面的，不科学的；译者应该根据文本类型、翻译目的和读者水平等因素来选择合适的翻译策略，绝对归化和绝对异化都是行不通的。 希望本文对翻译策略的研究能够给译者以启发，并达到进一步加强和丰富翻译理论、指导翻译实践的目的。关键词：翻译策略；归化；异化；应用ABSTRACTTranslation, a bridge between different languages and cultures, plays an indispensable role in cross-culture communic

21、ation. However, as a translator, we have to choose which strategy to deal with the cultural differences between the source language and the target language in the process of translation where there exists two major translation strategies- domestication and foreignization. In this thesis, I will disc

22、uss these strategies and their application from translation, linguistics, and cross-cultural communication perspectives.In the thesis, I will first talk about the current research of the domestication and foreignization in the translation circle as well as point out the necessity for further researc

23、h. Then, I will illustrate the relationship between linguistics and translation as well as between culture and translating and next systematically discuss these two translation strategies including their definitions, the controversy in history and their current studies. Besides, I will continue to d

24、eal with such neglected factors as may influence the translator’s choice of translation strategies: the type of the source text (ST), the translation purposes, the level of the intended readers, the social and historical background, the translator’s attitude and so on. Finally, from the

25、linguistic and cultural perspectives, the thesis makes a comparative study of the application of domestication and foreignization by analyzing typical examples from the two English versions of Hong Lou Meng translated by Yang Xianyi and David Hawkes respectively. The thesis will conclude that these

26、two translation strategies have their respective features and applicable value. I sincerely hope that this research into translation strategies will enlighten translators and make a little contribution to the prosperity of translation studies and translation practice in China.Key words: translation

27、strategy; domestication; foreignization; applicationCONTENTS  字 Abstract.I摘要 Chapter1 Introduction    11.1 The Cultural Turn in the Study of Translation    11.2 Studies of Domestication and Foreignization    31.3 The Purpose, Significance and the Fra

28、mework of the Thesis    4Chapter 2 Towards Domestication and Foreignization    52.1 Definitions of Domestication and Foreignization    52.2 The Disputes over Domestication and Foreignization in History    72.3Why Have the Disputes Always Be

29、en Going on?    82.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Domestication and Foreignization    9 Chapter 3 Factors that Influence Translator’s Selection of Translation Strategies    113.1 Types of Text    113.2 Social and Cultural Backgroun

30、d    153.3 Target Language Readers    153.4 Translator’s Attitude    17Chapter 4 The Application of the Two Strategies to the Two English Versions of Hong Lou Meng    194.1 A Glimpse of Hong Lou Meng and Its English Versions &nbs

31、p;  194.2 The Reasons for Choosing These two English Versions of Hong Lou Meng    204.3 A Comparative Study of the Two Versions of Hong Lou Meng    214.4 Translating Hong Lou Meng According to the Social Culture    22Chapter 5 Conclusions  

32、  25Bibliography    27Acknowledgements    29 摘 要此次设计的题目是河东降压变电所电气部分设计，其主要任务是对220kV降压变电所电气部分初步设计。包括对电气主接线的确定，主要电气设备的选择，包括断路器，隔离开关，电流互感器，电压互感器，母线，站用变压器等。全论文除了摘要、毕业设计书之外，还详细的说明了各种设备选择的最基本的要求和原则依据。 变压器的选择包括：主变压器的台数、容量、型号等主要技术数据的确定；电气主接线主要介绍了电气主接线的重要性、设计依据、基本要求、各种接线形式的优

33、缺点以及主接线的比较选择，并制定了适合要求的主接线； 短路电流计算是最重要的环节，本论文详细的介绍了短路电流计算的目的、假定条件、一般规定、元件参数的计算、网络变换、以及各短路点的计算等知识；高压电气设备的选择包括母线、高压断路器、隔离开关、电流互感器、电压互感器的选择原则和要求，并对这些设备进行校验和产品相关介绍 。而根据本论文所介绍的高压配电装置的设计原则、要求和60kV的配电装置，决定此次设计对本厂采用分相中型布置。继电保护和自动装置的规划，包括总则、自动装置、一般规定主变压器、母线等设备的保护，而变电所的防雷保护则主要针对避雷针和避雷器的设计。此外，在论文适当的位置还附加了图纸（主接线

34、、防雷保护等）及表格以方便阅读、理解和应用。通过本次设计了解目前220kV变电站的实际配置，防雷保护和接地网的实际布置,同时也对以前学过的知识加深了理解。 关键词：变电站；负荷计算；接线选择；配电系统；防雷保护 AbstractThe topic that I design is that a topic designed this time is that electric a part of  He Dong transformer substation is designed , its main task is a preliminary design  of a

35、part to the transformer substation of He Dong.Including to the electric sureness that mainly wire, the choice of the main electric equipment, including circuit breaker, isolate the switch, the mutual inductor of electric current, voltage mutual inductor, bus bar, stand with the voltage transformer a

36、nd wait. Whole thesis besides summary graduate to design the book outside, returned the expatiation every kind of most   basic request that equipments choose with principle according to. The choice of the transformer includes: Main transformer use the main technique in number, capacity, mo

37、del number.etc. in set data of the transformer to really settle; The electricity lord connected the line to introduce primarily the electricity lord connects the linear importance, design according to, the basic request, every kind of merit and shortcoming and lords that connect the line form connec

38、ts the linear choosing more, the lord that combine to establish the in keeping with my plant the request connects the line; The short-circuit galvanometer is regarded as the most important link, this thesis introduced the calculating purpose in short-circuit electric current, assumption term, genera

39、l provision, the calculation, network transformation of a parameter detailed, and each calculation etc. knowledge that short circuit order; The choice of the high pressure electricity equipments includes the mother line, high pressure breaks the road machine and insulate the switch, electric current

40、 to feels with each other the machine, electric voltage feels with each other the choice principle of the machine, high pressure switch cabinet with request, and proceed to these equipments the school check with the related introduction in product. But go together with the design principle of the el

41、ectricity device, request to go together with the electricity device with 220/60 kV according to this thesis a high pressure for introducing, decide this time design to adopt the cent the mutually medium-sized arranging to the my plant. After electricity protection with the programming of the automa

42、tic device, include total, automatic device, general provision with the protection of generator, transformer, mother line etc. equipments, but power plant with change to give or get an electric shock a design for defending thunder protecting then primarily aiming at lightning rod with lightning arre

43、ster. In addition, return in the appropriate position in thesis additional diagram paper ( the lord connects the line diagram, plane chart defend thunder protection disgram, Cross section diagram etc.) and forms read, comprehend with the convenience with applied. Key words：Transformer substation；Pow

44、er system ；Mainly wire；power transmission systems 题目主要内容（1）确定主接线：分析原始资料与数据，列出技术上可能实现的23个方案，经过技术经济比较，确定最优方案。（2）选择变压器：选择变压器的容量、台数、型号等。（3）短路电流计算：根据电气设备选择的需要，选择短路计算点，绘制等值网络图，计算短路电流。 （4）电气设备的选择：选择并校验断路器、隔离开关、电抗器、电流互感器、电压互感器、母线、电缆、避雷器等。（5）图纸：电气主接线图一张；主要设计要求（1） 保证供电安全、可靠、经济；（2）功率因数达到0.9及以上。（3）设本变电所主要是给工业区的工厂供电。该工业区是新建工业区，负荷增长比较迅速，本变电所的电压等级为220KV/60KV。（4）变电所220KV电源进线4回，60KV出线10回，从220KV母线转送线路2回，向南岭变电所供电，所需输送功率120MW，COS=0.8。（5）址地区的年平均温度为7，最高温度为38，最低为-22。本设计对220kV变电所电气部分进行了初步设计。设计分以下几部分，首先对原始资料进行分析，然后进行负荷计算。设计出从技术和经济上都比较满意的主接线形式。根据短路计算的结果选择高压电气设备，然后校验它们的动、热稳定性。设计出本所的防雷和过电压防护系统，其中主要是避雷针的布置。