南京中医药大学《药学英语》课程复习资料.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流南京中医药大学药学英语课程复习资料.精品文档.(T)1. Allicin, allitridin and ajoene are believed to have anti-carcinogenica activity and normalize plasma lipid levels, blood pressure, and fibrinolytic activity.(F)2. The standardized extracts of Ginkgo biloba leaves have been used widely as a dieta

2、ry supplement in Europe and as a phytomedicine in the USA.(T)3. The new directive would guarantee a premarketing check of product quality and safety by the health authorities and facilitate recalls.(T)4. Now the nonmedical practitioners who prescribe herbal treatments have to receive adequate traini

3、ng and continuous education to reach and maintain a high standard of practice in the United Kingdom.(F)5. The conventional efficacy requirements are only means of safeguarding public health.(F)6. This maturation zone is driven by hydrostatic pressure within the cell that propels the root tip deeper

4、into the soil.(T)7. Endodermal cells possess a characteristic thickening of the anticlinal cell wall.(F)8. All plants first form a secondary root and for most plants, including the gymnosperms, primitive dicotyledons and eudicotyledons, this persists as a taproot.(T) 9. The petals are usually colore

5、d, which can attract insects attention.(F)10. Animal-pollinated flowers are often very small without sepals or petals, many also being monoecious.(T)11. In Chinese folk medicine, Ku-Ding-Cha was mostly used to treat coronary heart diseases.(T)12. Now the technique of microscopy has been used success

6、fully to identify the plant sources used to produce a commercial herbal tea.(T)13. The ginseng surface is pale yellow to cream and shows longitudinal ridges; stem scars may be seen at the crown.(F)14. Ginseng contains not less than 10.0 per cent of water.(F)15. The needle of yew has used in small do

7、ses has been used to treat rheumatic and urinary problems in history, so it is a safe medicinal plant and it must be kept in mind not to take it under any circumstances.(F)16. Cultivation will be the ultimate method to solve the problem of taxol resource scarcity.(F)17. Menthol is the only active co

8、mponent in volatile oils of many herbal medicines.(F)18. HPLC has been a powerful tool in the study of essential oil from medicinal plants.(F)19. Among all factors leading to biodegradation, damage by termites is the least serious to wooden structures worldwide.(F)20. The compound most toxic to the

9、Japanese termite was diallyl disulfide.(T)21. The sensitivity of TLS is such that separations on less than ug amounts of material can be achieved if necessary.(F)22. The liquid mobile phase in HPLC is forced though under ordinary pressure.(F)23. The meat from animals killed by the arrow poison curar

10、e is not safe ti eat.(F)24. Calcium is absorbed by means of a vitamin E-dependent carrier system.(T)25. Typically,about three quarters of a drug given orally is absorbed in 1-3 hours. (F)26. Dug given by inhalation are usually fully fully absorbed into the circulation.(F)27. Dorzolamide can lower oc

11、ular pressure in patients with glaucoma when given as eye drops,and affect the kidney because it it a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.(T)28. Oral administration of drugs usually produces a slower effect than subcutaneous or intramuscular injection.1. Although Chinese herbal medicines constitute multi-b

12、illion-dollar industries worldwide and 1500 herbals are sold as dietary supplements or ethnic traditional medicines, the formulations of these medicines are commonly not subjected to pre-market toxicity examination to test their safety or efficacy.尽管中药构成全球数十亿美元的产业并且1500种草药作为食品添加剂和民族传统药材销售，但是这些药的配方一般

13、不受售前毒性检测来检测它们的安全性和有效性。2. T.wilfordii is effective for the treatment of various types of arthritis; its potential mechanism of action might include inhibition of mRNA and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin.雷公藤能够治疗各种关节炎症，其潜在的作用机理可能是它能够抑制mRNA和坏死因子及白细胞介素的表达。3. Applicants for a m

14、arketing authorization are no longer required to submit data from new preclinical tests and clinical trials if they can demonstrate through detailed references to published scientific literature that their herbal products have a well-established medicinal use with recognized efficacy and an acceptab

15、le level of safety.这样，只要他们通过详细的已正式发表的文献资料能证明他们的中药产品在公认的有效性和广泛的安全性的前提下能够很好地用于治疗，那么他们的注册申请就不再需要提供新的临床前测试和临床实验数据。4. Most herbal medicines no longer qualify for reimbursement in Germany, because they are “pharmacy-only” medicines, unless they appear on a list of exceptions. Currently, only four herbs ar

16、e included on this list.大部分草药在德国不再符合赔偿的资格，因为它们仅是在药房销售的药，除非它们出现在一张特殊的单子上。目前，仅有四种草药包括在这张清单上。5. As soil is a resistant medium, the growing tip has a near conical protective root cap which lubricates the root surface as it is pushed by the cell expansion between soil particles. Growth occurs when new ce

17、lls, formed in meristems in the zone of cell division elongate in the elongation zone.土壤是一种有抵抗性的介质，生长的根尖有一个近似锥形的起保护作用的根冠来润滑根表面，它在土壤颗粒之间由细胞膨胀推动。当组成细胞分界区分裂组织的新生细胞在延长区延长时，根尖部开始生长。6. The root cap is a conical collection of parenchyma cells, which in some plants is large and conspicuous and in others sma

18、ll.根冠由实质细胞组成，在某些植物中这些实质细胞大且明显而在其它植物中很小。7. All plants first form a primary root and in most plants, including the gymnosperms, primitive dicotyledons and eudicotyledons, this persists as a taproot.所有植物首先形成初生根，在大多数植物包括裸子植物、原始双子叶植物和优化的双子叶植物中作为主根保留。8. The carpels are usually fewer in number and consist

19、of a basal ovary which contains the ovules, and above this a stalk, the style, which is topped by a stigma, the surface onto which pollen grains will land for fertilization.心皮数量比较少，由基生子房构成，子房包有胚珠，子房上面是花柱，花柱顶端是柱头，花粉在柱头表面受精。9. If male flowers and female flowers occur on the same plant, the plant is kn

20、own as monoecious; if they occur on separate plants it is known as dioecious.如果雄花和雌花出现在相同的植株，这种植物被称为雌雄同株；如果它们出现在不同的植株则被称为雌雄异株。10. The ovaries may be situated on the surface of the flower, known as superior ovaries, or may be buried in the receptacle with only the style and stigma projecting, in whic

21、h case they are known as inferior.子房可能位于花的表面，称为上位子房，或者可能包在花托里，只有柱头突起，这种情况称为下位子房。11. Pericycle fiber bundles arranged in an interrupted ring with lignified walls, 1-2 rows of cells wide. Ilex latifolia Thumb. Vascular bundle of midrib collateral; xylem kidney-shaped; pericycle fiber bundles arranged

22、in a ring with lignified walls, 4-8 rows of cells wide. Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Bl. Vascular bundle of midrib collateral and gab-shaped; pericycle fibers scattered and present on the outer part of vascular bundles of midrib.中柱鞘纤维素断断续续排列成环，有12排细胞宽的木质化胞壁。大叶冬青中脉维管束平行，木质部呈肾形，中柱鞘纤维素排列成环，有48排细胞宽的木质化胞壁。

23、粗壮女贞中脉维管束平行且呈凹节状，中柱鞘纤维素分散存在于中脉维管束外部。12. Ginseng consists of the whole or cut dried root of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer. It contains not less than 0.40 per cent of combined ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1, calculated with reference to the dried drug.人参由干燥全根或切片组成，它包含不少于0.40%的两种人参皂苷Rg1和Rb1的混合物，按照干燥药材计算。13. The po

24、wder occasionally shows non-lignified tracheids and partially-lignified vessels with spiral or reticulate thickening, occurring singly or in small groups, and scattered cluster crystals of calcium oxalate.有时粉末中可以看到非木质化的管胞，以及部分木质化的导管，这些导管是网纹或螺纹增厚的导管，三五成群独立，并且能看到散在的草酸钙结晶。14. The projected increase of

25、Taxol usage for both basic research and cancer chemotherapy，coupled with its limited availability from the protected yew resulted in one of hottest research fields of scientific community.近年来，基础研究和医疗对紫杉醇需求的日益增长，并且其来源的日益匮乏使得对红豆杉的研究热持续不衰。15. The molecule of taxol is an extremely complex diterpene with

26、 a taxane ring structure fused with a four-membered oxetane ring, an ester side-chain at position C-13 and a benzoyl side-chain at the C-2 position.紫杉醇分子是一个极其复杂的四环二萜类化合物：一个紫杉烷环加一个四个元素组成的氧烷环，在C-2和C-13上还分别有一个苯氧基和酯基侧链。16. There are five possible routes to industrialize taxol production: tissue or cell

27、culture, fungal fermentation, chemical total synthesis, semisynthesis and isolation from plant.有五种产业化生产紫杉醇的可能途径：组织或细胞培养、真菌发酵、化学全合成、半合成和植物分离。17. Generally, there are three methods for raising seedling in a large scale: tissue culture, seed germination and cottage.一般来说,有三种方法来大规模增加幼苗：组织培养、种子萌发和扦插。18. M

28、enthol is the major component of volatile oil in Mentha haplocalyx Briq. Its relative content in the oil was reported to vary from 60 to 80%.薄荷醇是薄荷油中的主要成分，根据报道它的相对含量从60%到80%。19. GC-MS has become the most popular means of identification and quantitative analysis of volatile constituents in Chinese tr

29、aditional herbal medicines containing essential oil and in their compound formulations.气-质联用已广泛用于中药中有效成分的鉴定和定量分析，包括精油和复合配方。20. Many plant essential oils and phytochemicals are known to possess antitermitic or repellent activity.许多植物精油和植物化学成分都具有抗白蚁和驱虫的功能。21. Organosulfur compounds from garlic such as

30、 diallyl mono-, di-, and trisulfide show antimicrobial activity, inhibit arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT). activity in a human colon tumor cell line, and induce apoptosis of human colon tumor cells.从大蒜中得到的有机硫化物，如二烯丙基单、双和三硫化物显示抗微生物活性，抑制在人类结肠癌细胞线的芳香胺转移酶活性，及诱导人结肠癌细胞的凋亡。22. It differs in that the sta

31、tionary phase bonded to a porous polymer is held in a narrow-bore stainless steel column and the liquid mobile phase is forced through under considerable pressure.HPLC的不同之处在于它的固定相与一根细不锈钢柱中的多孔聚合物键合，液体流动相则在高压下通过色谱柱。23. The mobile phase is a miscible solvent mixture, which either remains constant or, m

32、ay be changed continuously in its proportions.流动相是比例保持不变或不断变化的可混溶的混合溶剂。24. HPLC is manly used for these classes of compound which are non-volatile, e.g. higher terpenoids, phenolics of all types, alkaloids, lipids and sugars.HPLC主要用于一些具有非挥发性的化合物,如所有类型的萜类化合物、酚类化合物、生物碱、酯类和糖类。25. One cannot speak stric

33、tly of the bioavailability of a particular preparation,but only of that preparation in a given individual on a particular occasion.任何人都不能确切的讲一个特定制剂的生物利用度，而只能在一个特定场合下讲一个特定个体制剂的生物利用度。26. One rarely sees a numerical value assigned to bioavailability, and it is well to be wary of ostensibly measurable q

34、uantities that are used impressionistically, but not actually given values.很少能看到生物利用度具有确切的数值，而且时刻注意表面上看可测的数量是很恰当的，虽然这些数值给人印象深刻，但它们并不是实际上给定的数值。27. On discharge from the hospital he was given the same clothes that he had worn when he was brought in,The clothes had been kept in a paper bag and were sti

35、ll damp where they had been wet with the nicotine solution.出院时给了他入院时穿的衣服，衣服已经放在了一个纸包里，被烟碱溶液弄湿的地方还是潮湿的。28. Such absorption is believed to take place through mucosa overlying nasal-associated lymphoid tissue.This is similar to mucosa overlying Peyers patches in the small intestine,which is also unusua

36、lly permeable.这种吸收被认为是通过鼻粘膜相关淋巴组织的粘膜产生的。它与小肠Peyer氏斑的粘膜相似，也是非常容易透过的。1.根尖分为根冠、分生区、伸长区、成熟区四个部分。The root tip is divided into four parts: root cap, meristematic zone, elongation zone and maturation zone.2.花通常由花梗、花托、花萼、花冠、雄蕊群和雌蕊群等部分组成。The flower usually consists of stalk, receptacle, sepal, corolla, stamens, pistils and so on.3.气-质联用已广泛用于中药中有效成分的鉴定和定量分析。GC-MS has been widely used in identification and quantitative analysis of effective constituents in Chinese traditional herbal medicines.