托福专业分类词汇版.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流托福专业分类词汇版.精品文档.Academic Vocabulary地理学1地质学3天文学4气象学5生物学6动物学7植物学9微生物学10生态学11能源和环境12数学13物理学14化学16考古学17建筑学18美术（绘画和雕塑）18音乐18摄影19文学19教育学20人物20 地理学geography地理学dVi5CrEfigeographer地理学家dVi5CrEfEhemisphere半球5hemisfiEmeridian子午线/经线mE5ridiEnparallel平行圈5pArElellatitude纬线5lAtitju:dlongitud

2、e经度5lCndVitju:delevation 海拔7eli5veiFEnaltitude高度/海拔5Altitju:dtemperate latitudes温带地区horizon地平线hE5raiznequator赤道i5kweitEtropic热带地区5trCpikArctic/the north pole北极5B:ktikAntarctic(Antarctica)南极（南极洲）the Antarctic continent南极洲Antarctic circle南极圈Aurora极光C:5rC:rETropic of Cancer北回归线5kAnsETropic of Capricorn

3、南回归线international date line国际日期变更线time difference时差expedition探险7ekspi5diFEntime zone时区topography地形/地形学tE5pCrEfiplain平原plateau(highland)高地5plAtEulowland低地basin盆地oasis绿洲Eu5eisispeak山峰cavern(cave) 洞穴5kAvEnterrain地域5tereinsubterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地区 kEJstlAndcoastline海岸线5kEustlainwatershed

4、分水岭5wC:tEFedupper reaches上游lower reaches下游tributary支流5tribjutErideposit沉积di5pCzitspring/fountain泉水5fauntiniceberg冰山riverbed河床5rIvEbedgulf/bay海湾beiwaterfall瀑布5wC:tEfC:lreef暗礁ri:ftide潮水taidtropical rain forest热带雨林island岛屿5ailEndcontinental island大陆岛volcanic island火山岛coral island珊瑚岛5kCrElislet小岛5ailitp

5、eninsular半岛pi5ninsjulEarchipelago群岛7B:ki5peliEudelta三角洲5deltElandlocked area内陆5lAndlRktcontinent大陆5kCntinEntinland waterway内陆河5inlEnd subcontinent次大陆range山脉reindVcliff山崖klifvalley山谷，峡谷5vAlihillside/mountain slope山坡hIlsaId continental shelf大陆架Felfcanyon峡谷5kAnjEnchannel(strait)海峡5tFAnl streitremote-se

6、nsing遥感的terrestrial地球的/陆地的ti5restriElterrestrial heat(geothermal)地热terrestrial magnetism(geomagnetism)地磁continental drift theory大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading海床扩展evaporation蒸发i7vApE5reiFEnsalinity含盐度sE5linitiocean bottom海床sediment沉淀物/沉积物5sedimEnttropical热带的temperate温带的5tempEritfrigid寒带的5fridVidformation形

7、成fC:5meiFEnfrost heaving冻涨现象frCstfieldstone卵石 地质学geology地质学dVi5ClEdVigeologist地质学家dVi5ClEdViststratum(pl:strata) ,layer地层5streitEm stratigraphy地层学strE5tirEficrust地壳krQstmantle地幔5mAntlcore地核kC:continental crust大陆地壳krQstoceanic crust海洋地壳7EuFi5Anikplate板块pleitfault断层fC:ltfault plane断层面fault zone断层带zEun

8、rift(crack, split) 断裂rift krAk disintegration(decomposition)分解erosion腐蚀i5rEuVEnfossil化石5fCslouter core外核igneous rock火成岩5iniEs rCkmetamorphic rock变质岩volcanic火山岩vCl5kAnikquartz石英kwC:tsquartzite石英岩5kwC:tsaitsedimentary rock沉积岩limestone石灰岩5laimstEungranite花岗岩5rAnitmarble大理石5mB:bllithosphere岩石圈5liWE7sfiE

9、magma/molten lava岩浆5mAmE mineral矿物5minErElore矿石C:(r)deposit矿床di5pCzitplatinum白金/铂5plAtinEmsilver银copper黄铜5kCpEaluminum铝E5lju:minEmtin锡tinlead铅li:dzinc锌ziNknickel镍5niklmercury汞/水银5mE:kjurisodium钠5sEudjEmgem宝石dVemdiamond钻石5daiEmEndemerald绿宝石5emErEldruby红宝石5ru:bithe Northern Hemisphere北半球glacier冰川5lAsj

10、E, 5leiFEglacial冰川的5leisjEl, 5lAs-glacial epoch(age,period)冰川期glacial drift冰渍volcano火山vCl5keinEuactive volcano活火山extinct volcano死火山iks5tiNktdormant volcano休眠火山5dC:mEnteruption火山喷发i5rQpFEncrater火山口5kreitElava火山岩浆5lB:vEvolcanic火山的vCl5kAnikvolcanic dust火山尘volcanic ash火山灰earthquake(quake, tremor, seism)

11、地震seismic地震的5saIzmIkseismology地震学saiz5mClEdVigeonomy地球学dVi:5CnEmimagnitude震级5mAnitju:dseismic wave地震波5saIzmIkcataclysm灾变5kAtEklizEmtidal force/tsunami海啸tsju:5nB:mimelt global warming全球逐渐变暖aquifer蓄水层swamp沼泽5AkwifEvegetation植被7vedVi5teiFEnGreat Canyon大峡谷5kAnjEnnatural wonder自然景观Nile River尼罗河nailColora

12、do river科罗拉多河Geologic survey地质调查Greenwich Mean Time格林尼治时间desert沙漠di5zE:tcoastline海岸线tributary支流5tribjutErivolcano eruption火山爆发 天文学astronomy天文学E5strRnEmIastronomical天文的AstrE5nRmIk(E)lastronomical observatory天文台planetarium天文馆plAnI5teErIEmastronomer天文学家E5strRnEmE(r)astrophysics天文物理学astrology占星学E5strRlE

13、dVIpseudoscience伪科学cosmos(universe)宇宙5kCzmCsinfinite无限的5infinitcosmic宇宙的5kCzmikcosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial天体的celestial body(heavenly body)天体celestial map(sky atlas)天体图celestial sphere天球dwarf(dwarf star)矮星dwC:fquasar类星体5kweisB:constellation星座kCnstE5leiFEngalaxy(Milky Way)银河系5AlEksist

14、ar cluster星团asterism星群5AstErizEmsolar system太阳系5sEulE solar corona日冕kE5rEunEsolar eclipse日食i5klipssolar radiation太阳辐射satellite卫星5sAtElaitplanet行星5plAnItcomet彗星5kCmitplanetoid(asteroid)小行星plAnItRId revolve旋转ri5vClvtwinkle闪烁5twiNklnaked eye肉眼5neikidMercury水星5mE:kjuriVenus金星5vi:nEsEarth地球Mars火星mB:zJupi

15、ter木星5dVu:pitESaturn土星5sAtE(:)nUranus天王星5ju:ErEnEsNeptune海王星5neptju:nPluto冥王星5plu:tEuorbit轨道5C:bitspin旋转spinlunar月球的5lju:nEmeteor流星5mi:tjEmeteor shower流星雨5FauEmeteoroid流星体5mi:tjErCidmeteorite陨石5mi:tjEraitspace(outer space)太空，外层空间spacecraft(spaceship)宇宙飞船spaceman(astronaut)宇航员space suit宇航服sju:tspace

16、shuttle航天飞机5FQtlspace telescope空间望远镜star恒星stellar恒星的5stelEintergalactic星系间的interstellar恒星间的5intE(:)5stelEinterplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星5AstErCidnebula星云5nebjulEspace debris太空垃圾5debri:, 5deib-ammonia氨5AmEunjEcorona日冕kE5rEunEchromosphere色球5krEumEsfiEphotosphere光球5fEutEusfiEconvection zone对流层kEn5vekFEn

17、vacuum真空5vAkjuEmabsolute magnitude绝对量级radiation辐射7reidi5eiFEnemission发射/散发i5miFEnhigh-resolution高清晰度interferometer干扰仪illusive object幻影体i5lu:sivfaint微弱的feintimage影像gravitational吸引力molten熔化的(金属、岩石) 5mEultEnleap year闰年li:protation自转rEu5teiFEnrevolution公转7revE5lu:FEnsunspot太阳黑子5sQnspRtblack hole黑洞hEulul

18、traviolet ray紫外线infrared ray红外线5infrE5redluminosity光度7lju:mi5nCsitilight year光年 气象学meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家meteorological station气象站forecast(predict)预报pri5diktclimate气候5klaimitatmosphere大气层5AtmEsfiEtroposphere对流层5trCpEusfiEstratosphere平流层5strAtEusfiEcold front冷锋frQntwarm air mass热气团current(气)流

19、5kQrEntvapor蒸汽5veipEevaporate蒸发i5vApEreitdamp(wet,moist,humid)潮湿dAmp mCist humidity湿度hju:5miditimoisture潮湿/水分5mCistFEsaturate饱和5sAtFEreitdew露dju:frost霜frCst, frC:stfog(mist)雾smog烟雾smCdroplet小水5drCplitcondense浓缩kEn5denscrystal水晶体5kristldownpour(torrential rain)大雨 tempest(storm)/ (torrential rain)暴风雨d

20、rizzle细雨5drizlshower阵雨5FauEhail冰雹heilblizzard(snowstorm)暴风雪5blizEdavalanche(snow slide)雪崩5AvE7lB:nFprecipitation(雨、露、雪等)降水thunder雷5WQndEbreeze微风bri:zsandstorm沙暴5sAndstC:mmonsoon季风mCn5su:ngale大风eilwhirlwind旋风5(h)wE:lwindtyphoon台风tai5fu:nhurricane飓风5hQrikEn, -kintornado(twister, catastrophe)龙卷风upper a

21、tmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗，漏斗云5fQnEldisaster(calamity,catastrophe)灾难devastation破坏 7devEs5teiFEnsubmerge淹没 sEb5mE:dVdrought旱灾drautconvection对流kEn5vekFEnwind velocity风速vi5lCsitiwind scale风级wind direction风向long-range forecast长期预报numerical weather prediction数值天气预报nephanalysis云层分析，卫星云图stratus层云5streitEscarbon

22、 dioxide release二氧化碳排放purify净化 5pjuErifaiacid rain酸雨5AsIdsewage disposal污水处理5sju(:)idV waste disposal废物处理environment protection环境保护 生物学biology生物学bai5ClEdVibiologist生物学家bai5ClEdVistmarine biology海洋生物学mE5ri:nentomology昆虫学entEu5mClEdViornithology鸟类学genetics遗传学dVi5netiksspeciology物种学7spi:Fi5ClEdViparasi

23、tology寄生虫学dinosaur恐龙5dainEsC:die out/extinction灭绝iks5tiNkFEnmicrobiology微生物学paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家mammal哺乳动物5mAmElbarnacle北极鹅5bB:nEklunderwater水下的5QndE5wC:tEmarine海洋的mE5ri:nscuba水下呼吸器5sku:bEdiving潜水/跳水5daiviNone-celled organism单细胞有机体(微生物) jellyfish水母5dVelIfIFtissue(动植物细胞的)组织5tisju:prote

24、ctive camouflage保护色predator捕猎者5predEtEoceanic snail蜗牛7EuFi5Anik animal adaptation动物适应性wild environment野生环境owl猫头鹰Eulinsecticide杀虫剂in5sektisaidprenatal care产后护理5pri:5neitlhabitat栖息地5hAbitAtsquid鱿鱼skwidtentacle触须5tentEklprey捕食preinavigate导航5nAvieittiny receptor接受器5tainispecimen范例, 标本, 样本amphibian两栖类动物A

25、m5fibiEndecline in the number数量减少genetic基因的，遗传的dVi5netikendangered species濒危物种survival活着的sE5vaivEltransition转变/过渡yeast酵母(菌) ji:stsingle-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物5reptailturtle海龟5tE:tlhatch孵化hAtFnest巢robin知更鸟5rCbinwasp黄蜂wCspoffspring子孙5RfsprIN; (?) 5C:f-chew up咀嚼tFu:rodent啮齿类动物5rEudEntburro驴子5bQrEuoctopus章

26、鱼5CktEpEsspider蜘蛛5spaidEunfertilized eggs未受精的卵nutrient营养品5nju:triEntnourishment营养品/食物5nQrIFmEntfeed喂养fi:dcannibalism同类相食kAnIbElIzLmgene基因dVi:nrespiration system呼吸系统reproductive system生殖系统ingestion摄食in5dVestFEndigestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核5nju:kliEsprotein蛋白质5prEuti:namino acid氨基酸5Am

27、inEuplankton浮游生物5plANkt(E)nheredity遗传hi5reditimutation of species物种变异chromosome染色体5krEumEsEumgenetic engineering遗传工程dVi5netiksolitary独居5sClitErisocial群居bio-diversity生物多样性5baIEJ metamorphosis变态/变形mutation变种mju(:)5teiFEnvariation变异7vZEri5eiFEnanemone海葵E5nemEniantenna触角，天线An5tenEhibernation冬眠evolution进

28、化adaptation适应 动物学zoology动物学zEu5ClEdViDarwinism达尔文学说5dB:winizEmnatural selection自然选择5nAtFErElclass纲order目family科genus属5dVi:nEssuborder亚目species种5spi:Fizinvertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物5vE:tibritaquatic(life)水生动物E5kwAtikreptile爬行动物5reptailamphibian(amphibious animal)两栖动物protozoa原生动物prEutEu5zEuErodent啮齿

29、动物(如松鼠) 5rEudEntruminant反刍(chu)动物5ru:minEntcold-blooded animal冷血动物warm-blooded animal温血动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate灵长动物5praimitplankton浮游生物5plANkt(E)nmollusk软体动物5mClEskcoelenterate腔肠动物si5lentEreitherbivore食草动物5hE:bivC:carnivore食肉动物5kB:nivC:dinosaur恐龙5dainEsC:bird鸟类extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物5mAmElPrimat

30、es灵长目动物insect昆虫antenna(pl: antennae)触须An5tenElarva幼虫/幼体5lB:vEcamouflage伪装5kAmuflB:Vpest害虫worm虫(蠕虫)hibernate冬眠lizard蜥蜴5lizEdchameleon变色蜥蜴kE5mi:ljEnregeneration再生turtle龟5tE:tlbeast野兽bi:stdomesticate驯养dE5mestikeitpredatory(carnivorous)食肉的predator捕食者5predEtEprey捕食，被捕食的动物preiscavenger食腐动物5skAvindVEmigrat

31、e迁移wing翅膀/翼bill(鸟)嘴bilbeak (鹰等的)嘴bi:knest筑巢dolphin海豚5dClfinwhale鲸鱼weil, hw-bat蝙蝠gorilla大猩猩E5rilEchimpanzee黑猩猩5tFimpEn5zi:habitat栖息地5hAbitAtshrimp小虾Frimpprawn对虾prC:nlobster对虾5lCbstEcrab螃蟹krAbclam蛤蜊klAmsponge海绵spQndVcoral珊瑚5kCrElstarfish海星5stB:fiFcanary金丝雀kE5nZErichirp(鸟/虫的叫声)唧唧tFE:powl猫头鹰Eulvulture秃鹫

32、5vQltFE(r)penguin企鹅5peNwincrane鹤kreinstork鹳stC:ksqueak(老鼠等)吱吱skwi:kporpoise海豚5pC:pEsotter水獭5CtEfrog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪5tAdpEulsalamander蝾螈5sAlEmAndEscorpion蝎子5skC:piEncentipede蜈蚣5sentipi:dcicada蝉si5keidE, -5kB:dEmantis螳螂5mAntiswasp黄蜂wCsphornet大黄蜂5hC:nitcockroach蟑螂5kCkrEutFearthworm蚯蚓sloth树獭slEuWslothful懒惰的5

33、slEJWfJlhygiene卫生5haidVi:nsanitation卫生sAni5teiFEnparasite寄生虫5pArEsaitmoth蛾mCWcaterpillar毛虫5kAtEpilEhorde(昆虫等)群hC:dswarm (昆虫等)群swC:mflock(鸟羊等)群flCkcommunity动物的群落或人的部落herd兽群hE:dbunch(花等)束/捧bQntFbeaver海狸5bi:vEmonogamous一夫一妻的/一雄一雌的polygamous 一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的trapper诱捕动物者5trApErhinoceros犀

34、牛rai5nCsErEsniche小生态环境nitFvestige退化器官/遗迹5vestidVoyster牡蛎5CistEfertilizer使受精5fE:ti7laizElarva幼虫5lB:vEtentacle触角5tentEklhomotherm恒温动物hEJmEW:mpoikilotherm变温动物metabolism新陈代谢me5tAbElizEmbaboon狒狒bE5bu:nbreed品种，繁殖bri:dmultiply(reproduce繁殖) 5mQltipli hatch孵hAtFspawn(鱼、虾、蛙等)孵spC:nanatomy解剖学E5nAtEmiappetite食欲

35、5Apitaitcreature生物microbe微生物herbivorous食草的hE:5bivErEscarnivorous食肉的kB:5nivErEsomnivorous杂食的Cm5nivErEsscale鳞skeilfeather羽毛5feTEarmor甲5B:mEspinal cord脊椎5spainl kC:ddigestive system消化系统excretory system排泄系统reproductive system生殖系统circulatory system循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system内分泌系统antelope羚羊5

36、AntilEupaphid蚜虫5eifidbeluga白鲸bE5lu:Ebipedal两足动物的rare animal稀有动物 植物学botany植物学5bCtEnibotanist植物学家bCtEnIstbotanical(botanic)植物的bE5tAnIk(E)l plant植物plB:ntaquatic plant水生植物E5kwAtikparasite plant寄生植物5pArEsaitroot根canopy树冠层/顶棚5kAnEpifoliage(leaf)叶5fEuliidVleaflet小叶5li:flitrosette(叶的)丛生rEu5zetstem茎stemstalk

37、杆stC:kleafstalk叶柄shoot(sprout)嫩芽/抽枝sprautflower花5flauEbud花蕾bQdpetal花瓣5petlpeel(skin)果皮pi:lshell(硬)果壳Felhusk(干)果壳/(玉米)苞叶hQsktrunk树干trQNkbark树皮bB:kbranch树枝brB:ntFbough大或者粗的树枝bautwig小树枝twijungle丛林5dVQNllawn草坪lC:nmeadow草地/牧场5medEuprairie大草原5prZErishrub(bush)灌木FrQb buFcluster一簇(灌木) 5klQstEfern蕨类植物fE:nher

38、b草hE:bphotosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll叶绿素5klC:rEfilsymbiosis共生simbai5Eusiswither(shrivel, fade)凋谢5wiTE blossom花5blCsCmpollen花粉5pClinnectar花蜜5nektEleaf树叶li:fpollinate传授花粉5pClineitpollination授粉pCli5neiFEncell细胞tissue组织5tisju:organ器官5C:Ensystem 系统5sIstEmseed种子everlasting永久的7evE5lB:stiNorchid兰花5C:kidcrossb

39、reed杂交5krCsbri:dsequoia红杉si5kwCiEroot pressure根压bore腔/肠bC:cohesion-tension凝聚压力kEu5hi:VEncolumn花柱5kRlEmsymbiotic共生的7simbai5Ctikimmunity免疫i5mju:nitiorganism生物/有机物5C:EnizEmnecrosis坏死ne5krEusisbarren贫瘠5bArEnfutile无用的5fju:tail, -tilcarbohydrate(starch)碳水化合物(淀粉)/醣类glucose葡萄糖5lu:kEusstarch淀粉stB:tFfat脂肪prot

40、ein蛋白质5prEuti:nvitamin维他命5vaitEmin, 5vi-malnourished营养不良的mAl5nQriFtnutrition营养nju:5triFEnperennial多年一生的pE5renjElannual一年一生的5AnjuElevergreen常绿树5evEri:nlarch落叶松lB:tFpine松树painspruce云杉spru:selm榆树elmwalnut核桃树5wC:lnEtredwood红木树 微生物学microorganism/microbe微生物microbiology微生物学antibody抗体5Anti7bCditoxin 毒素5tCks

41、inimmunity免疫i5mju:nitiimmunology免疫学7imju5nClEdV ivaccine疫苗5vAksi:nfungus(fungi)真菌5fQNEs bacteria细菌bAk5tiEriEfermentation发酵7fE:men5teiFEninflection传染(感染) in5flekFEnvirus毒素5vaiErEsdisinfection消毒7disin5fekFEnsterilization灭菌food chain食物链 生态学ecology生态学i(:)5kClEdViecologist生态学家i5kClEdVistecosystem生态系统i:kE

42、5sistEmbalance(of nature)自然界生态平衡fauna动物群5fC:nEflora植物群5flC:rErain forest雨林food chain食物链acid rain酸雨greenhouse effect温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射ozone layer(ozonosphere)臭氧层ultraviolet radiation紫外辐射pollution污染pollution control污染控制air pollution空气污染water pollution水污染noise pollution噪音污染soil pollution土壤污染po

43、llution-free无污染pollutant污染物pE5lu:tEntnoxious(toxic)有毒的5nCkFEs fume(有毒)废气fju:mwaste废物solid waste固体垃圾sewage(wastewater)污水5sju(:)idVsewage purification污水净化sewage disposal污水处理decibel(噪音)分贝 能源和环境fossil fuel矿物燃料5fCsl fjuElprocess of photosynthesis光合作用solar energy太阳能5sEulEnonrenewable不可再生的energy conservati

44、on保护能源resource资源energy source能源资源tidal energy潮汐能源5taidltraffic jam交通堵塞dVAmfuel-efficient节能型的i5fiFEntrush hour高峰期rQFpollute污染zero emission零辐射i5miFEnwildness野生/天然preservation保护7prezE(:)5veiFEnatmosphere大气climate气候carbon碳5kB:bEndioxide二氧化物dai5Cksaidburning of coal and oil煤油燃烧global warming全球变暖green house effect温室效应i5fektrise in sea level海平面上升melt融化，熔化long-term climatic change长期的气候变化environmental环境的, 环境论recycling center再循环利用中心litter/trash bag/garbage垃圾5litE trAF air pollution空气污染pollutant污染物desertific