新的防腐蚀材料承载构件制作.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流新的防腐蚀材料承载构件制作.精品文档.新的防腐蚀材料承载构件制作节约原材料贯穿于原材料生产，产品设计制造及使用的全过程，其中制造过程中节材潜力最大，是最易见效的一个环节。因此要大力开发和使用先进技术、工艺和装备，大幅度提高国产技术装备水平，加速传统产业技术升级。新技术发展的机遇和挑战，发展再制造业是应付这种挑战的一种有效手段，使用再制造产品将再制造业降低成本，节约资源，减少污染。Conservation of raw materials in the production of raw materials, product design an

2、d manufacture and use of the whole process, the biggest of which in the manufacturing process of the material saving potential, is one of the most likely results. Therefore, we should vigorously develop and use of advanced technology, technology and equipment, greatly improve the level of domestic t

3、echnology and equipment, to accelerate the technological upgrading of traditional industries. New technology development opportunities and challenges, the development of manufacturing industry is an effective means to cope with this challenge, the use of remanufacturing Products Remanufacturing Indu

4、stry to reduce costs, save resources, reduce pollution.据统计，我国机械工业钢材利用率权为60%左右，与发达国家相比，有10%15%的差距。每提高一个百分点就意味着可节约10万t钢材。我国机械工业的铸、锻件综合废品率偏高，造成原材料和能源的浪费，有人调查过部分企业，铸铁件废品率为12%14%，铸钢件废品率为10%11%，有些厂甚至高达20%，而国外一般低于5%。According to statistics, the rate is about 60% the use of mechanical industry of steel prod

5、ucts in China, compared with developed countries, there are 10% 15% gap. For every increase of one percentage point would mean savings of 100000 t steel. Chinas machinery industry casting, forging comprehensive high scrap rate, causing raw materials and energy waste, has investigated some enterprise

6、s, cast iron scrap rate is 12% 14%, steel scrap rate is 10% 11%, some even as high as 20%, while the foreign generally lower than 5%.二、机械工程中节材的途径Methods materials two, mechanical engineering.机械工业节约材料的重点是钢材等金属材料，同时也要注意节约其它原材料。从技术经济角度来看，机械工业节材必须考虑以下四个方面：降低产品的材料消耗；减少制造过程中的材料消耗量；提高产品质量；延长产品规定的服役期间。Save

7、material mainly machinery industry is steel and other metal materials, also want to pay attention to save the other raw materials. From the point of view of technology and economy, industrial machinery material must consider the following four aspects: to reduce the consumption of material products;

8、 reduce the manufacturing process of the material consumption; improve the quality of the products; served during the extended product regulations.（一）采用先进技术，提高利用率(a) the use of advanced technology, improve the utilization rate of采用先进制造技术，提高铸件精度，推广精密性成形技术，在金属件生产中扩大中精锻件比例，使模锻、精锻件比例提高到60%以上；继续推行集中下料、科学

9、套材、改进下料工艺和装备，推广各种精密，自动、数控编排的切割技术，采用带锯床、中温剪切等下料新设备；大力采用先进焊接技术，减少焊条用量；采用先进的热处理技术，提高零部件寿命；推广可控气氛，少、无氧化热处理工艺和锻造用保护气氛加热工艺和装备，减少金属氧化损失；吊车采用材料表面处理技术，提高材料表面性能，实现节材低耗；对于关键基础体（轴承、齿轮、弹簧、液压气动元件、模具等），扩大采用精炼钢和脱氧钢，以及行之有效的热处理和表面热处理新技术，显著延长其使用寿命。The use of advanced manufacturing technology, to improve the precision

10、of casting, precision forming technology promotion, expand the proportion of forgings in metal parts production, the forging, precision forging ratio increased to more than 60%; continue to implement centralized blanking, Science Kit, improvement of blanking process and equipment, promotion of vario

11、us precision, cutting technology, NC automatic arrangement, the band sawing machine, warm shear cutting equipment; to adopt advanced welding technology, reducing electrode consumption; heat treatment with advanced technology, improve the service life of components; popularizing controlled atmosphere

12、, little, no oxidation heat treatment and forging with protective atmosphere heating technology and equipment, reduce the oxidation of the metal loss by materials; surface treatment technology, to improve the surface properties of materials, to achieve material consumption; for the key base body (be

13、arings, gears, springs, hydraulic pneumatic components, mold and so on), to expand the use of refined steel and deoxidized steel, as well as effective heat treatment and surface heat treatment technology, prolong its service life.（二）采用先进的防腐蚀技术，提高设备的使用寿命(two) use of advanced anti-corrosion technology

14、, improve the service life of the equipment在国民经济中不论哪个部门都毫无例外的存在着腐蚀问题。腐蚀给人们造成的危害也是很大的，它一方面造成设备、塑料土工格栅零件等材料的直接损失，另一方面还造成影响正常生产，恶化操作环境，影响产品质量，新工艺不能上马，设计上的保守，以及发生人身安全事故等一系列重大的损失。由此可见，腐蚀是自然界最大浪费之一。因此，防腐蚀也是机械工程中节材的又一重大技术课题之一。随着科学技术的飞速发展，新的防腐蚀材料和方法的不断涌现中防腐蚀技术也在不断提高。In the national economy, regardless of wh

15、ich department are no exceptions exist corrosion problems. Damage to people caused by corrosion is great, it has caused direct loss of equipment, parts and other materials, on the other hand also affect the normal production, the deterioration of the operational environment, affecting the quality of

16、 products, the new technology can not start, the conservative design, as well as the personal safety accident and a series of significant losses. Therefore, the corrosion is one of the biggest waste of nature. Therefore, one of the major technical problems and prevent material corrosion and mechanic

17、al engineering. With the rapid development of science and technology, but also in the continuous improvement of corrosion protection technologies continue to emerge anticorrosion materials and methods in new.（三）扩大应用新材料，改善用材结构(three) to expand the application of new materials, improvement of timber s

18、tructure扩大应用新材料，改善用材结构，提高用材水平，积极推广各种高强度低合金钢、冷成形钢、冷拔钢管等高效钢，使用切削钢、新型模具钢、感应淬火钢等节能节材新材料；扩大硬质合金材料的使用，以及节约高速钢和模具钢等t扩大粉末冶金材料在汽车、拖拉机和家用电器等方面的应用；在汽车、农机和交通运输设备中，开发应用工程塑料和复合材料。比如用高强度低合金钢代替普通碳钢制作一般承载构件，可以减少重量10%30%。To expand the application of new materials, improve the timber structure, improve the material le

19、vel, actively promote a variety of high strength low alloy steel, cold forming steel, cold-drawn steel tube and high Xiaogang, use cutting steel, steel, induction quenching steel material saving new material; expand the use of hard alloy material, and saving of high speed steel and die steel t to ex

20、pand the application of powder metallurgy materials in automobile, tractor and household appliances; in automobile, agricultural machinery and transportation equipment, development and application of engineering plastics and composite materials. Such as the use of high strength low alloy steel inste

21、ad of common carbon steel making bearing components, can reduce the weight of 10% 30%.20世纪90年代初以来，国内的一些部门对修复热处理已经作了尝试工作，如对长期服役过的发电设备上的某些重要零件进行修复热处理。应用等离子喷涂技术对重载坦克车辆零件进行再制造修复和强化，实车考核证明用再制造技术修复和强化的零部件比新品的相对耐磨性提高1.98.3倍，寿命提高23倍。对首钢从比利时购进的二手连铸设备中的三百多件大型轴承座和轧辊，经再制造修复后，已使用数年。目前一些单位已经开始汽车、计算机、空调、电冰箱、摩托车等产品

22、零部件再制造的研究工作。再制造工程技术不仅能恢复原产品的技术性能，还能及时引进新技术、新工艺和新材料，改进提高产品的技术性能和可靠性，从而延长了产品的使用寿命。再制造产品的费用仅为新品价格40%60%，达到了废物利用，变废为宝的目的，为降低材料消耗，节约原材料开辟了一条新的途径。Since the early nineteen ninties, some domestic sectors of restoration heat treatment has been trying to work on some important parts, such as power generation

23、equipment has long served the restoration heat treatment. Technology of remanufacturing repair and strengthening of heavy tank vehicle parts by plasma spraying, the real vehicle test proved that the remanufacturing technology to repair and strengthen the parts than the relative wear resistance produ

24、cts increased by 1.9 8.3 times, life is increased 2 3 times. On the secondary casting equipment Shougang from Belgium purchased in more than 300 large bearing and roller, the remanufacturing repair, has been in use for several years. The present research work of some units have begun to automobile,

25、computer, air conditioning, freezer, motorcycle parts manufacturing. The technical performance and manufacturing engineering technology can not only recover the original products, but also the timely introduction of new technologies, new processes and new materials, improve product technical perform

26、ance and reliability, thereby prolonging the service life of the product. Product remanufacturing cost is only the new price of 40% 60%, reached the waste utilization, the purpose of turning waste into treasure, in order to reduce material consumption, saving raw materials has opened up a new way.提高

27、产品设计水平，充分发挥材料潜力，降低材料消耗以轻量化为目标，大力推广计算机辅助设计，优化设计，有限寿命设计、防腐蚀设计和价值工程方法，使产品既可靠安全又结构紧凑，用材合理；适当提高材料使用强度等级，充分发挥材料性能潜力，降低材料消耗。Improve the level of product design, give full play to the potential of materials, reduce the material consumption to light as the goal, and vigorously promote the computer aided desi

28、gn, optimization design, finite life design method, anti corrosion design and value engineering, the product is safe and reliable and compact structure, reasonable use wood; appropriate increase of material strength, give full play to the material properties potential, reduce the consumption of materials.