杨澜TED全英文演讲稿.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流杨澜TED全英文演讲稿.精品文档.Yang Lan: The generation thats remaking ChinaThe night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the final of Chinas Got Talent show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium. Guess who was the performing guest? Susan Boyle. An

2、d I told her, Im going to Scotland the next day. She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese. Chinese So its not like hello or thank you, that ordinary stuff. It means green onion for free. Why did she say that? Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle

3、 - a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera, but she didnt understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese. (Laughter) And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the

4、stadium was green onion for free. So as Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together. That was hilarious. So I guess both Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness. They were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, ye

5、t their courage and talent brought them through. And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams. Well, being different is not that difficult. We are all different from different perspectives. But I think being different is good, because you present a different point of view. Y

6、ou may have the chance to make a difference.My generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years. I remember that in the year of 1990, when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a j

7、ob in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton - its still there. So after being interrogated by this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, So, Miss Yang, do you have any questions to ask me? I summoned my courage and poise 1.ordinary K.K.rdn.

8、riadj with no special or distinctive features; normal平常的，普通的；正常的and said, Yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell? I didnt have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel. That was the first day I set my foot in a five-star hotel.Around the same time, I was going

9、 through an audition - the first ever open audition by national television in China - with another thousand college girls. The producer told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent and beautiful fresh face. So when it was my turn, I stood up and said, Why do womens personalities on television

10、always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? Why cant they have their own ideas and their own voice? I thought I kind of offended them. But actually, they were impressed by my words. And so I was in the second round of competition, and then the third and the fourth. After

11、seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive it. So I was on a national television prime-time show. And believe it or not, that was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script. (Applause) And my weekly a

12、udience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S. and Columbia University to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my own media company, which was unthought of during the years that I started my career. So we do a lot of things.

13、 Ive interviewed more than a thousand people in the past. And sometimes I have young people approaching me say, Lan, you changed my life, and I feel proud of that. But then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country. I was in Beijings bidding for the Olympic Games. I

14、 was representing the Shanghai Expo. I saw China embracing the world and vice versa. But then sometimes Im thinking, what are todays young generation up to? How are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of China, or at large, the world?So today I wan

15、t to talk about young people through the platform of social media. First of all, who are they? What do they look like? Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei - 20 years old, beautiful. She showed off her expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the Chinese version of Twitter. And sh

16、e claimed to be the general manager of Red Cross at the Chamber of Commerce. She didnt realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross. The controversy was so heated that the Red Cross had to open a press conferen

17、ce to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.So far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title - probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity. All those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend, who used to be a board member in a subdivision

18、 of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce. Its very complicated to explain. But anyway, the public still doesnt buy it. It is still boiling. It shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past. And also it showed us the power and the impac

19、t of social media as microblog.Microblog boomed in the year of 2010, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled. S, a major news portal, alone has more than 140 million microbloggers. On Tencent, 200 million. The most popular blogger - its not me - its a movie star, and she has more than 9.5

20、 million followers, or fans. About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people, under 30 years old. And because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government, social media offers an opening to let the steam out a little bit. But because you dont have many o

21、ther openings, the heat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.So through microblogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth even better. So how are they different? First of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy. And beca

22、use of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women. That could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows; were in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries. Most of them have fairl

23、y good education. The illiteracy rate in China among this generation is under one percent. In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college. But they are facing an aging China with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of

24、 2030. And you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when theyre sick. So it means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.So making a living is not that easy for young people. Co

25、llege graduates are not in short supply. In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S. dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500. So what do they do? They have to share space - squeezed in very limited space to save money - and they call themselves tribe of

26、 ants. And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment. That ratio in America would only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China its 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price

27、.Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people. They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas. Most of them dont want to go back to the countryside, but they dont have the sense of belonging. They work for longer hours with less inco

28、me, less social welfare. And theyre more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce. Last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing comp

29、ound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease. But they died because of all different personal reasons. But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, o

30、f these migrant workers.For those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the Internet, theyre able to create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and cre

31、ate new business in the less developed market. So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.These diagrams show a more general social background. The first one is the Engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of daily necessities has dropped its p

32、ercentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income, to about 37-some percent. But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost. The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4. Now its 0.5 - even worse than that in Americ

33、a - showing us the income inequality. And so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility. And also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread. So any accusations of corruption or backdoor dealings between authorities

34、or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about. Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand. For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and develop

35、ment have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property. And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation. Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest. So when these incidents are reported more and more fr

36、equently on the Internet, people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.So the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court. Similarl

37、y, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet. We heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food. And guess what, we have faked beef. They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef. And then latel

38、y, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found refining cooking oil from restaurant slop. So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet. And fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the

39、 public concerns.While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes theyre a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life. China is soon to pass the U.S. as the number one market for luxury brands - thats not including the C

40、hinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere. But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S. dollars. Theyre not rich at all. Theyre taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status. And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that

41、she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle. But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or on a bicycle.So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called naked wedding, or naked marriage. It does not mean they will wear nothing i

42、n the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love. And also, people are doing good through social media. And the first picture showed us that a truc

43、k caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watching through microblogging. People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck. And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued. And h

44、ere also people are helping to find missing children. A father posted his sons picture onto the Internet. After thousands of unclear, the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.So happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years.

45、Happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, its about the environment. People are thinking about the following questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to k

46、eep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? And also, how capable is the system of self-correctness to keep more people content with all sorts of friction going on at the same time? I guess these are the questions people are going to answer. And our younger generation is going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.Thank you very much.