液晶术语大全.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流液晶术语大全.精品文档.Backlight:背光。CCFL(CCFT) (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Light/Tube):冷阴极荧光灯。Composite vide复合视频。Component vide分量视频。COB(Chip On Board):IC裸片通过邦定固定于印刷线路板上。COF(Chip On Film):将IC封装于柔性线路板上。COG(Chip On Glass):将IC封装于玻璃上。CRT(Cathode Radial Tube):阴极射线管。 DPI(Dot Per Inch):点每英寸。Dut

2、y:占空比，高出点亮的阀值电压的部分在一个周期中所占的比率。DVI(Digital Visual Interface):（VGA）数字接口。ECB(Electrically Controlled Birefringence):电控双折射。EL(Electro luminescence):电致发光。EL层由高分子量薄片构成FSTN(Formulated STN):薄膜补偿型STN,用于黑白显示。HTN(High Twisted Nematic):高扭曲向列的显示类型。IC(Integrate Circuit):集成电路。Inverter:逆变器。ITO(Indium-Tin Oxide):氧化铟

3、锡。LCD(Liquid Crystal Display):液晶显示器。LCM(Liquid Crystal Module): 液晶模块。LED(Light Emitting Diode):发光二极管。LVDS(Low Voltage Differential Signaling):低压差分信号。NTSC(National Television Systems Committee):NTSC制式,全国电视系统委员会制式OSD(On Screen Display):在屏上显示。PAL(Phase Alternating Line):PAL制式(逐行倒相制式)。PCB(Print Circuit

4、Board):印刷线路板。PDP(Plasma Display Panel):等离子体显示。SECAM(SEquential Couleur Avec Memoire):SECAM制式(顺序与存储彩色电视系统)STN(Supper Twisted Nematic):超扭曲向列的显示类型。S-videS端子，与复合视频信号比，将对比和颜色分离传输。TAB(Tape Automated Bonding):柔性带自动连接 。 TCP(Tape Carrier Package):柔性线路板。TFT(Thin Film Transistor):薄膜晶体管显示类型。TMDS(Transition Mini

5、mized Differential Signaling)TN(Twisted Nematic):扭曲向列的显示类型。VFD(Vacuum Fluorescence Display):真空荧光显示。VGA(Video Graphic Array):视频图形阵列。VOD(Video On Demand):视频点播。有效顯示區域( Active Area) LCD Panel 的有效顯示區域，即可顯示文字圖形的總面積，參考下圖，白色區域即此片Panel 的有效顯示區域。開口率(Aperture Ratio) 開口率即是每個畫素可透光的有效區域除以畫素的總面積，開口率越高，整體畫面越亮。畫面比率(A

6、spect Ratio)Aspect Ratio為畫面寬與高之比率。電腦畫面及一般影像畫面比率為 4:3 HDTV則可提供16:9的寬平面螢幕畫面。B/M (Black Matrix) : 於 Color Filter 上，用來遮住R、G、B 各Pixel 間之空隙，可大幅減少LCD光點間彼此干擾所產生的光害，呈現更穩定且清晰的影像品質，提昇了閱讀上的舒適度，同時也減輕了長期使用所造成的眼部壓力及疲累感。CCFL(冷陰極射線管) Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp將高壓施加於燈管之兩電極, 電子即由電極端射出, 電子因受高電壓加速而與管內之水銀原子撞擊, 水銀原子在被撞

7、擊後由不穩定狀態急速返回穩定狀態時, 會將過剩能量以紫外線 (253.7 nm) 釋放出來, 此釋放出來之紫外線由螢光粉吸收轉換成可視光.C/F(彩色濾光片)(Color Filter) : 彩色濾光片上有排列整齊之 RGB(三原色)畫素，射入的光可經由濾光片轉變混合成各種顏色。 LTPS 低溫多晶矽 LTPS (Low Temperature Poly Silicon)低溫多晶矽，就是在攝氏600oC或更低的溫度下經過雷射回火 (Laser anneal)的製程步驟所生產的多晶矽，具有高開口率、可內建驅動IC等週邊電路於玻璃基板上、 TFT 反應速度更快且面積縮小、接點數及零件數減少、系統設

8、計簡單化，面板可*度提升，以及降低材料成本等優點。Luminance明亮度 明亮度指一物件之可見亮度。其取決於可反射光之多寡並由一平方公尺(cd/m2)內之多少燭光來衡量其亮度。因表面物之反射屬性之多樣化，類似的照明度因物件表面反射屬性之不同而造成不同的明視度。例如，同樣的光源照射於一黑一白的房間，黑色房間之明視度相較於白色房間的明視度是非常低而且昏暗。Moire一種因LCD面板與背光模組刻痕方向不能匹配所造成的光干涉現象。Mura水波紋：指在顯示影像時，所產生的畫面局部或全面的不均勻現象。Response Time反應時間 的是螢幕畫素接收到信號後，由白轉黑(Tr)及由黑轉白(Tf)所需轉變

9、時間。所需轉變時間是越短越好。較短的反應時間使畫面轉換更為順暢。一般而言，其都低於60ms. Response time =Tr+TfResolution of DisplayVGA = Video Graphics Array 640xRGBx480 DotSVGA = Super Video Graphics Array 800xRGx600 DotXGA = Extended Graphics Array1,024xRGBx768 DotSXGA = Super Extended Graphics Array1,280xRGBx1,024 DotSXGA+ = Super Extende

10、d Graphics Array + 1,400xRGBx1,050 DotUXGA = Ultra Extended Graphics Array 1,600xRGBx1,200DotSpacer間隔粒子 於兩片玻璃基板間, 所均勻灑上的球形樹脂粒子, 用來撐出一個間隙, 以灌入液晶, 其作用類似我們蓋房子時的柱子。Uniformity均勻度 畫面的均勻度；將一Panel分為數等份，分別測量其中心點的亮度，所測得的最小值除以最大值即是此Panel均勻度，均勻度越高表示Panel畫面越穩定。View Angle視角 面對螢幕，往其上、下、左、右四方觀測，調整此螢幕直到其無法由此四方看到螢幕畫面

11、之角度。以監看者之視覺舒適，可調整視角之廣狹。Back light背光源液晶Panel的背面所設置光源。螢光燈管（熱陰極管或冷陰極管）、導光板、擴散板所構成。Contrast Ratio對比度此為黑色與白色之間的對比。比值越高，色彩越鮮明。FPCFlexible Printed Circuit；可彎曲印刷電路。Inverter 換流器DC/AC換流器主要應用於TFT 面板背光源之power supply。它使用高電壓來驅動冷陰極射線管。此獨特的電力儀器具有高瓦特數、高效能及堅實小巧的設計。 LVDSLow Voltage Differential Signaling；數位顯示介面，具有高效能、

12、高速與低功率消耗等特色。 Laser Anneal雷射回火 低溫多晶矽與非晶矽最大差異在於，LTPS 的薄膜電晶體TFT，經過雷射回火 (Laser anneal)的製程步驟；利用雷射作為熱源，雷射光經過投射系統後，會產生能量均勻分布的光束，投射於非晶矽結構的玻璃基板上，當非晶矽結構玻璃基板吸收雷射的能量後，會轉變成為多晶矽結構QCIFQCIF (Quarter Common Intermediate Format):QCIF 為視訊會議格式，其每秒可傳輸30頁的資料，每一頁有144行、每一行有 176畫素(pixel)。 其解析度為CIF之1/4。QCIF為 ITU H.261 視訊會議之標

13、準。CIF 及QCIF互為相容並適用於NTSC, PAL 及SECAM三種TV標準。 White Chromaticity White Chromaticity 為衡量RGB三原色的均衡值的測量方法。較高之色溫產生偏藍的白色； 較低的色溫產生偏紅的白色。a-SiAamorphous silicon以材料結構而言，amorphous的意思是指未結晶的狀態。Amorphous silicon膜具有作為半導體材料之特性，可用plasma CVD裝置在400以下的温度下形成。因此成為使用玻璃基板之主動矩陣（active matrix）方式液晶面板的TFT主力元件材料。Amorphous means l

14、acking distinct crystalline in material structures term. Amorphous silicon film has the quality that can be used as material of semiconductor. It can be formed by using plasma CVD equipment under temperature of 400 degree C. Therefore, it is the major material for manufacturing TFT of LCD panel, whi

15、ch uses glass substrate with active matrix.a-Si TFTamorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistor 以amorphous silicon為構成材料之電場效果型的薄膜電晶體。帶有source、drain、gate三種電極之3端子元件。最常使用為主動矩陣（active matrix）液晶顯示器的開關。The Field Effect type TFT with amorphous silicon material contains three terminal components of three types of

16、electrodes: source, drain, and gate. They are often used as the switch of active matrix type LCD.ACFAnisotropic Conductive Film異方性導電膜，指含有導電性粒子之熱硬化或熱可塑性的樹脂薄膜。主要用於液晶顯示面板與驅動IC之訊號傳輸連結，需針對不同之接合介面選擇適合導電粒子及密度，一般而言用於fine pitch之導電粒子其直徑約為35 um。Anisotropic conductive film means the thermosetting or thermal pla

17、stic resin film which contains conductivity particle. It is used major in LCD panel, and to drive the signal connection, transmitting in IC. Different interface connection requires specific conductivity particles and density accordingly. Generally speaking, the diameter of conductivity particles, wh

18、ich used for fine pitch, should be three to five um. Active area Active area 在液晶顯示面板中具有顯示功能之畫素總面積。英：In LCD screen, it serves the purpose of showing the total surface area of functional pixels. Active matrix Active matrix 在畫素或dot上設置主動元件，於寫入期間啟動主動元件而寫入data電壓、其他期間則關閉主動元件以維持電壓之矩陣驅動方式。依據主動元件的種類區分為3端子型的TF

19、T方式與2端子型的TFD（MIM）方式。2端子型的製造工程可簡化。英：It sets active components on pixel or dot, witch activate active component to write data voltage during the writing period, and during other period, it shut off active component to maintain voltage of matrix driving method. According to different types of active co

20、mponent, it is divided into either 3-terminal model TFT or 2-terminal model TFD (MIM) methods. The manufacturing process of 2-terminal model can be simplified. Anti-glare treatment Anti-glare treatment 在液晶面板表面設置凹凸，以降低鏡面反射之處理。Anti-glare處理的程度是利用積分球式光線透過率量測方式，以全光線透過率與散亂光透過率的比定義的。英：Convex and concave su

21、rface is configured on the LCD panel as the treatment to reduce the reflection of mirror. The extent of Anti-glare is to use the measuring method of light penetration of integral sphere model to define the ratio between the rate of full-light penetration and the rate of scatter light Anti-reflection

22、 Anti-reflection 在表面上包覆多層折射率不同的膜，用來消除界面的反射光之處理。英：It is a treatment to eliminate reflection light from interface surface, by coating many layers of film with different reflecting rate on the surface. Aperture ratio Aperture ratio 單一畫素中可透光面積與畫素總面積之比值。開口率之大小與TFT所使用之金屬導線特性及Cell製程能力有關。英：It is the ratio o

23、f the luminary surface in a single pixel comparing to the surface of total pixels. The opening rate is determined by the nature of metal interconnect and the capability of Cell manufacturing of TFT. APR plate APR plate 液狀紫外線硬化型樹脂凸版。厚度從1.03.0都有，種類甚多，為了提供液體的轉寫效率，在畫面部分的表面增加一層網狀物。製版時，版係根據版體的直徑，事先將畫像縮小後製

24、成。因為版即使在螢光燈下也會加促硬化，故保管上必須非常注意。（旭化成工業(株)的登記商標）英：There are many kinds of resin projecting plate of UV hardening model in liquid state with a thickness ranging from 1.0 to 3.0; for the purpose of elevating the efficiency of pattern transformation for the liquid, the surface of the picture portion has b

25、een mounted a layer of meshed stuff. When perform the plate making, the pattern has been miniaturized and then finished in accordance with the diameter of plate. Since the hardening of plate will be promoted even under fluorescent light, special attention is required for preservation. (Trademark of

26、Asahi Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd ). Array Array 指玻璃基板上已配置TFT等switching元件，但未成為Cell前的狀態。英：It is the state in which the screen has been equipped with TFT switching device, but it is still not a cell yet. Aspect ratio Aspect ratio 顯像後的resist膜，或用蝕刻形成於基板上的pattern之深度與寬度的比。Aspect比 b/a（a：蝕刻的寬度，b：蝕刻的深度）英：It

27、 is the ratio between the depth and width of the pattern on the etched substrate or the resist film after pattern is developed. Aspect ratio = b/a (a : etching width, b : etching depth) B Back exposure Back exposure 將已經形成在基板上的pattern作成光罩，由基板背面露光之方法英：It is a method of making the semiconductor mast fr

28、om well formed pattern on the substrate, and exposes the back of the substrate to light. Backlight Backlight 由於液晶顯示器為非發光型，為了強化顯示的能見度，將液晶面板背面的光加以投射之裝置。光源以螢光燈管為主流，分為冷陰極管與熱陰極管。構造上可分為直下型與側光型。英：Because the LCD does not luminesce itself, and to re-enforce the visibility of it, there is a device to project

29、 the light from the back of a LCD panel. The majority of light source comes from the fluorescent light tube, which is divided into two different types: Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp and Hot Cathode Fluorescent Lamp. The structure can also divided into two different types: direct type and side light

30、type. Bezel Bezel LCD面板組件，用以維持保護B/L組件之外側外殼。一般採用金屬板之成形品。英：Its a part of the LCD screen, and used to maintain/protect the side shell of B/L components. Normally, it is a product from metal plate. Black Matrix Black Matrix 在液晶面板所使用的color filter上，為了分離RGB各畫素作成的格子狀或條紋狀的構造。BM亦具有預防外部光源造成TFT錯誤動作的功能。現在雖以單層鉻、低

31、反射鉻為主流，但樹脂BM也已相繼投入市場。英：BM is used to separate the grid or strip structure made from RGB pixels on the color filter applied on LCD panel. BM also serves another purpose of preventing the malfunction of TFT resulted from outside light source. Although, single layer and low reflection chromium are the

32、majority in the market, but resin BM also becomes another popular product. CCell Cell 指在二片玻璃基板合起來後所形成的幾微米的間隙內封入液晶材料的Panel。英：Cell is the panel of liquid crystal that fills into the micro meter gap formed by combining two glasses substrates. Cell gap Cell gap 指TFT基板與color filter基板上ITO膜之間隙，間隙之大小會影響液晶顯示

33、面板之穿透率及液晶反應時間。英：Cell Gap is the gap between ITO film on color filter substrate and TFT substrate. The size of the gap affects the transmittance of LCD display substrate and response time of liquid crystal. CF Color Filter 為了使液晶彩色顯示器能顯示彩色，在液晶cell內構成的零件之一，在透明基板上依規則配列紅、綠、藍3個原色的pattern。Color filter一般是由遮

34、光用的Black matrix、color顯示用的著色pattern、保護著色pattern的透明保護膜、以及驅動液晶用的透明電極膜等4種要素所構成。英：In order for LCD to generate colors, there is a pattern with Red, Green and Blue , which is one of the parts in the LC cell. Color filter is structured by 4 major components: Black Matrix to block light, pattern to display

35、colors, transparent protection film made from protection pattern and transparent electrode film used for driver LC. CIE chromaticity diagram CIE chromaticity diagram 以平面表現色度座標之圖形。在XYZ表色系及X10Y10Z10表色系中，原則上採用x, y或x10y10的直接座標，分別稱為CIE1931色度圖或CIE1964色度圖。又稱為xy色度圖或x10y10色度圖。英：CIE chromaticity diagram shows

36、 the graph of 2 dimensional color coordinate. On the XYZ color graph and X10Y10Z10 color graph, it uses x, y or x10y10 direct coordinate, and they are called CIE1931 color graph or CIE 1964 color graph. It is also known as xy or x10y10 chromaticity diagram. COF Chip On Film 直接將IC chip接續在可撓曲印刷電路板（fle

37、xible printed circuit board）的電極端子上之方式，為Chip On Film的簡稱。此種IC構裝方法之特長為可撓曲印刷電路板之薄型化，其厚度約為TCP之1/3，可提高液晶顯示模組構裝之可*度。目前所使用之接合方式有導電膜、導電膠及共晶接合。英：It is a simplified term of Chip On Film, which is a method of connecting IC chip to the electrode terminal of flexible printed circuit board. The specialty of this I

38、C package method can thinner the flexible printed circuit board, which is about one third of thickness of TCP. It also increases the reliability of the liquid crystal display module. The current connecting processes used are: conductivity film, conductivity paste and eutectic conjunction. COG Chip O

39、n Glass 直接將驅動IC之I/O與顯示玻璃基板的電極端子面對面接合之方式，COG模組構裝所使用之驅動IC必須先長凸塊(bumping)，液晶面板模組構裝之凸塊材質為Au，目前以ACF為接合材料之製程較成熟。英：It is a process of connecting electrode terminal of display glass substrate and I/O of Driving IC directly to each other. The Driving IC must have bumping, and the material used for liquid cry

40、stal substrate bumping is Au. The manufacturing process, which uses ACF as its connecting material, is more matured. COP Chip On Plastic 直接將IC chip接續在塑膠基板的電極端子上之方式，為Chip On Plastic之簡稱。裝設塑膠基板液晶面板之driver IC時所使用的。英：It is a simplified term of Chip On Plastic, which is a method of connecting IC chip to t

41、he electrode terminal of plastic substrate. It is used for setting the driver IC onto the liquid crystal panel of plastic substrate. Cold cathode fluorescent tube Cold cathode fluorescent tube 為Back light其中一種光源，採用金屬陰極之螢光燈管。利用高電場引起發光放電，然後用此放電所產生的紫外線激發螢光體而發光之放電燈管。基於發熱、壽命之考量，大多採用冷陰極管。英：It is one of the

42、 light sources used in Back light, and it uses the fluorescent tube of metal cathode. The discharge tube that uses high electrical field to cause glow discharge and the ultra violet light generated from this type of discharge would trigger the fluorescent particle and glow. Considering the heat and

43、life time factors, the cold cathode fluorescent tube is more frequently used. Contrast ratio Contrast ratio 液晶OnOff時最大輝度與最小輝度之比。液晶依畫面視角的不同，其contrast也會跟著改變，因此以最大的對比來表示。通常STN以10：1表示、TFT以100：1表示。英：The ratio between the maximum and minimum brightness when the LC is On / Off. The contrast changes with di

44、fferent viewing angles, and therefore, maximum contrast ratio is used for display. Generally, STN is 10:1 and TFT is 100:1 for display. CD Critical Dimension 一般是指100um以下的pattern線寬或間隔，為表示pattern位置之尺寸值。使用於露光量、現象條件、蝕刻條件等製程參數，或製品尺寸管理方面。英：CD means the gap or width between patterns under 100 um, and it is

45、 to show the dimension measurement of location of pattern. It is used as a parameter of light exposure quantity, and etching conditions in manufacturing process or dimension management aspect of products. Crosstalk Crosstalk 由於畫素間信號干涉，使對比高的畫面輪廓在背景部產生的拖曳現象。每個畫素都設置理想switch的主動矩陣方式不會產生crosstalk。英：Due to

46、 the signal interferences between pixels, the background would generate dragging phenomenon in high contrast screen. Cross talk can be eliminated by fixing activate matrix type of ideal switch on each pixel. DDark defect Dark defect 不隨信號改變而一直保持低輝度狀態的點狀缺陷。英：Dark defect is a kind of dot form fault tha

47、t does not change with signals and keeps in low BRIL status. Data line Data line FT基板中傳達顯示信號之垂直方向的配線。因為接續在各畫素TFT的Source電極或Drain 電極上，故又稱為Source線或Drain線。線寬通常為數um到10um不等。英：It is the perpendicular wiring used in TFT substrate to transfer display signals. Because it is connected with the Source electrode or Drain electrode on each pixel in TFT, it is also known as Source line or Drain line. The width of the line is often between few um to 10 um. Dichroic Mirror Dichroic Mirror 僅選擇在特定的波長區域內的光來做反射的光學鏡。一般是利用層積的多層膜的光之干涉經由反射而取出各式各樣的顏色的光。使用在投寫型的投