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1、【精品文档】如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流生物专业英语单词简.精品文档.Lesson One 细胞器的结构和功能Actin:肌动蛋白basal body:基体centriole:中心粒chemotaxis:趋化性chloroplast:叶绿体chromosome:染色体cilia:纤毛cytoplasm:胞质cytoskeleton:细胞骨架dynein:动力蛋白endoplasmic reticulum:内质网flagella:鞭毛Golgi complex:高尔基复合体lysosome:溶酶体microfilament:微丝microtubule:微管mitochondrion:
2、线粒体myosin:肌球蛋白nuclear envelope:核膜nucleoid:拟核nucleoli:核仁nucleus:细胞核phagocytosis:吞噬作用pinocytosis:胞饮作用plastid:质体polysome:多核糖体ribosome:核糖体stroma:基质tubulin:微管蛋白vacuole:液泡Lesson Two 光合作用absorption:吸收光谱Calvin-Benson cycle:卡尔文-本森循环carotenoid:类胡萝卜素chlorophyll:叶绿素cyclic photophosphorylation:环形光合磷酸化(作用),又称循环式光
3、和磷酸化C3 plant:三碳植物C4 plant:四碳植物light-dependent reactions:光反应light-independent reactions:暗反应noncyclic photophosphorylation:非环形光合磷酸化(作用)photon:光子photophosphrylation:光合磷酸化(作用)photorespiration:光呼吸photosynthesis:光合作用photosystem:光合系统ribulose biphosphate:核酮糖二磷酸thylakoid:类囊体Lesson Three 有丝分裂和减数分裂anaphase:(分裂
4、)后期cell plate:细胞板centromere:着丝粒chalone:抑素, chromatid:染色单体chromatin:染色质cytokinesis:胞质分裂diploid:二倍体haploid:单倍体histone:组蛋白homologous pair:同源染色体对interphase(cycle):分裂间期(周期)karyotype:核型meiosis:减数分裂mitosis:有丝分裂metaphase:(分裂)中期metaphase plate:赤道板nucleosome:核小体prophase:(分裂)前期spindle:纺锤体telophase:(分裂)末期Lesson
5、 Four 遗传学基本原理allele:等位基因dominant:显性recessive:隐性的dihybrid cross:双因子杂合子杂交gene:基因genotype:基因型phenotype:表现型germ plasm theory:种质学说heterozygous:杂合的homozygous:纯合的incomplete dominance:不完全显性law of independent assortment:独立分配定律law of segregation:分离定律nondisjunction:不分离pangenesis:泛生论Punnett square:庞纳特方格test cro
6、ss:测交Lesson Five 基因的化学性质purine:嘌呤pyrimidine:嘧啶adenine:腺嘌呤guanine:鸟嘌呤cytosine:胞嘧啶thymine:胸腺嘧啶DNA polymerase:DNA聚合酶double helix:双螺旋nucleoside:核苷Okazaki fragment:冈崎片段one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis:一基因一酶假说one-gene-one-polypeptide hypothesis:一基因一多肽假说replication fork:复制叉semiconservative replication:半保留复制X
7、-ray diffraction:X射线衍射Lesson Six 生命的起源和多样性Big Bang:大爆炸binomial system of nomenclature:双名法clade:进化枝taxon:分类群taxonomy:分类学coacervate:团聚体continental drift:大陆漂移core:核心mantle:地幔crust:地壳ozone layer:臭氧层kingdom:界division:门class:纲order:目family:科genus:属species:种liposome:脂质体proteinoid:类蛋白(质)Lesson Seven 最大的分解者真
8、菌ascus:子囊ascomycetes:子囊菌conidium:分生孢子子实体basidium:担子basidiocarp:担子果basidiomycetes:担子果菌纲Fungi Imperfecti(Decteromycetes):半知菌门sporangium:孢子囊gametangium:配子囊haustorium:吸器heterokaryon:异核体hyphae:菌丝lichen:地衣mycelium:菌丝体rhizoid:假根saprobe:腐生菌septate:有隔膜的Lesson Eight 动物发育acrosome reaction:顶体反应fertilization:受精c
9、leavage:卵裂blastomere:(卵)裂球blastula:囊胚gastrula:原肠胚primitive streak:原条gastrulation:原肠胚形成ectoderm:外胚层endoderm:内胚层mesoderm:中胚层compensatory hypertrophy:代偿性肥大dedifferentiation:脱分化differentiation:分化gene amplification:基因扩增metamorphosis:变态morphogenesis:形态发生neurulation:神经胚形成oogenesis:卵(子)发生organogenesis:器官发生o
10、varies:卵巢oviduct:输卵管ovum:卵yolk:卵黄sperm:精子spermatogenesis:精子发生zygote:受精卵parthenogenesis:孤雌生殖regeneration:再生Lesson Nine 物种的起源allopatric speciation:异域物种形成sympatric speciation:同域物种形成analogy:同功cline:梯度变异convergent evolution:趋同进化divergent evolution:趋异进化extinction:灭绝homology:同源性hybrid sterility:杂种不育性macroe
11、volution:宏观进化microevolution:微进化parallel evolution:平行进化phylogeny:种系发生punctuated equilibrium:间断平衡, Lesson Ten 种群生态学age structure:年龄结构allelopathy:异种相克相成现象carrying capacity:容纳量character displacement:特征替换density-dependent factors:密度制约因子density-independent factors:非密度制约因子exponential growth curve:指数生长曲线logistic growth curve:逻辑生长曲线interspecific competition:种间竞争intraspecific competition:种内竞争mortality:死亡率natality:出生率population density:种群密度survivorship curve:存活曲线
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