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1、【精品文档】如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流生物化学词汇1AbandA带AchromosomeA染色体二倍体染色体组中的正常染色体(不同于B染色体)Asite核糖体A部位ABA脱落酸abasicsite脱碱基位点,无碱基位点abaxial远轴的abequose阿比可糖,beta脱氧岩藻糖aberrantsplicing异常剪接aberration象差;畸变;失常abiogenesis自然发生论,无生源论ablastin抑殖素(抑制微生物细胞分裂或生殖的一种抗体)abnormaldistrbution非正态分布abnormality异常,失常;畸形,畸变ABObloodgroupsyst
2、emABO血型系统aboriginalmouse原生鼠abortin流产素abortion流产,败育abortiveegg败育卵abortiveinfection流产(性)感染abortivetransduction流产(性)转导ABP肌动蛋白结合蛋白abrin相思豆毒蛋白abscisicacid脱落酸abscission脱落absolute绝对的absoluteconfiguration绝对构型absolutecounting绝对测量absolutedeviation绝对偏差absoluteerror绝对误差absorbance吸收,吸光度absorbeddose吸收剂量absorbent吸
3、收剂absorptiometer吸光计absorptiometry吸光测定法absorption吸收absorptionband吸收谱带absorptioncell吸收池absorptioncoefficient吸收系数absorptionspectroscopy吸收光谱法absorptionspectrum吸收光谱;吸收谱absorptiveendocytosis吸收(型)胞吞(作用)absorptivepinocytosis吸收(型)胞饮(作用)absorptivity吸光系数;吸收性abundance丰度abundant丰富的,高丰度的abundantmRNAs高丰度mRNAabzyme
4、抗体酶acaricidin杀螨剂accedentvariation偶然变异acceleratedflowmethod加速流动法acceptingarmtRNA的接纳臂acceptor接纳体,(接)受体acceptorsite接纳位点,接受位点acceptorsplicingsite剪接受体acceptorstemtRNA的接纳茎accessible可及的accessiblepromoter可及启动子accessiblesurface可及表面accessory零件,附件;辅助的accessorycell佐细胞accessorychromosome副染色体accessoryfactor辅助因子ac
5、cessorynucleus副核accessorypigment辅助色素accessoryprotein辅助蛋白(质)accommodation顺应accumulation积累,累积accuracy准确度acenaphthene二氢苊acene并苯acentric无着丝粒的acentricfragment无着丝粒断片acentricring无着丝粒环acetal缩醛acetaldehyde乙醛acetalresin缩醛树脂acetamidase乙酰胺酶acetamide乙酰胺acetate乙酸盐aceticacid乙酸,醋酸aceticacidbacteria乙酸菌,醋酸菌aceticanhy
6、dride乙酸酐acetification乙酸化作用,醋化作用acetin乙酸甘油酯,三乙酰甘油酯acetoaceticacid乙酰乙酸Acetobacter醋杆菌属acetogen产乙酸菌acetogenicbacteria产乙酸菌acetomebody酮体acetomepowder丙酮制粉在-30度以下加丙酮制成的蛋白质匀浆物acetomitrile乙腈acetone丙酮acetyl乙酰基acetylcoenzymeA乙酰辅酶Aacetylcholine乙酰胆碱acetylcholineagonist乙酰胆碱拮抗剂acetylcholinereceptor乙酰胆碱受体acetylcholi
7、nesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylene乙炔acetylenereductiontest乙炔还原试验检查生物体的固氮能力acetylglucosaminidase乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶acetylglutamatesynthetase乙酰谷氨酸合成酶acetylsalicylate乙酰水杨酸;乙酰水杨酸盐、酯、根acetylsalicylicacid乙酰水杨酸acetylspiramycin乙酰螺旋霉素AchE乙酰胆碱酯酶achiral非手性的acholeplasma无胆甾原体AchR乙酰胆碱受体achromatic消色的;消色差的achromaticcolor无色achromaticlen
8、s消色差透镜achromatin非染色质acidcatalysis酸催化acidfibroblastgrowthfactor酸性成纤维细胞生长因子acidfuchsin酸性品红acidglycoprotein酸性糖蛋白acidhydrolyzedcasein酸水解酪蛋白acidmedium酸性培养基acidmucopolysaccharide酸性粘多糖acidphosphatase酸性磷酸酶acidprotease酸性蛋白酶acidsolvent酸性溶剂acidic酸性的acidicaminoacid酸性氨基酸acidicprotein酸性蛋白质有时特指非组蛋白acidictransactiv
9、ator酸性反式激活蛋白acidictranscriptionactivator酸性转录激活蛋白acidification酸化(作用)acidifying酸化(作用)acidolysis酸解acidophilia嗜酸性acidophilicbacteria嗜酸菌acidophilousmilk酸奶aclacinomycin阿克拉霉素acoelomata无体腔动物acomiticacid乌头酸aconitase顺乌头酸酶aconitate乌头酸;乌头酸盐、酯、根aconitine乌头碱aconitumalkaloid乌头属生物碱ACP酰基载体蛋白acquiredcharacter获得性状acqu
10、iredimmunity获得性免疫acridine吖啶acridinealkaloid吖啶(类)生物碱acridinedye吖啶燃料acridineorange吖啶橙acridineyellow吖啶黄acriflavine吖啶黄素acroblast原顶体acrocentricchromosome近端着丝染色体acrolein丙烯醛acroleinpolymer丙烯醛类聚合物acroleinresin丙烯醛树脂acropetaltranslocation向顶运输acrosin顶体蛋白acrosomalprotease顶体蛋白酶acrosomalreaction顶体反应acrosome顶体acro
11、somereaction顶体反应acrosomicgranule原顶体acrosyndesis端部联会acrylamide丙烯酰胺acrylate丙烯酸酯、盐acrylicacid丙烯酸acrylicpolymer丙烯酸(酯)类聚合物acrylicresin丙烯酸(酯)类树脂acrylketone丙烯酮acrylonitrile丙烯腈actidione放线(菌)酮即环己酰亚胺actin肌动蛋白actinfilament肌动蛋白丝actinin辅肌动蛋白分为alfa、beta两种,beta蛋白即加帽蛋白actinmicrofilament肌动蛋白微丝actinometer化学光度计actinom
12、orphy辐射对称用于描述植物的花actinomycetes放线菌actinomycinD放线菌素Dactinospectacin放线壮观素,壮观霉素,奇霉素action作用actioncurrent动作电流actionpotential动作电位actionspectrum动作光谱activatedsludge活性污泥activatedsupport活化支持体activatinggroup活化基团activatingtranscriptionfactor转录激活因子activation激活;活化activationanalysis活化分析activationenergy活化能activator
13、激活物,激活剂,激活蛋白activatorprotein激活蛋白activeabsorption主动吸收activebiomass活生物质activecarbon活性碳activecenter活性中心activechromatin活性染色质activedryyeast活性干酵母activedydrogencompounds活性氢化合物activeesterofaminoacid氨基酸的活化酯activehydrogen活性氢activeimmunity主动免疫activeoxygen活性氧activesite活性部位,活性中心activetransport主动转运activeuptake主动吸
14、收activin活化素由垂体合成并由睾丸和卵巢分泌的性激素activity活性,活度,(放射性)活度actomyosin肌动球蛋白actophorin载肌动蛋白一种肌动蛋白结合蛋白acute急性的acuteinfection急性感染acutephase急性期acutephaseprotein急性期蛋白,急相蛋白acutephasereaction急性期反应,急相反应炎症反应急性期机体的防御反应acutephasereactiveprotein急性期反应蛋白,急相反应蛋白acutephaseresponse急性期反应,急相反应acutetoxicity急性毒性ACV无环鸟苷acyclicnucl
15、eotide无环核苷酸acycloguanosine无环鸟苷,9-(2-羟乙氧甲基)鸟嘌呤acyclovir无环鸟苷acyl酰基acylcarrierprotein酰基载体蛋白acylcation酰(基)正离子acylchloride酰氯acylCoA脂酰辅酶AacylcoenzyemA脂酰辅酶Aacylfluoride酰氟acylhalide酰卤acylaminoacid酰基氨基酸acylase酰基转移酶acylatingagent酰化剂acylation酰化acylazide酰叠氮acylbromide酰溴acyloin偶姻acyltransferase酰基转移酶adamantanamin
16、e金刚烷胺曾用作抗病毒剂adamantane金刚烷adaptability适应性adaptation适应adapter衔接头;衔接子adapterprotein衔接蛋白质adaptin衔接蛋白衔接网格蛋白与其他蛋白的胞质区adaptivebehavior适应性行为adaptiveenzyme适应酶adaptivemolecule衔接分子adaptiveresponse适应反应大肠杆菌中的DNA修复系统adaptor衔接头;衔接子adaxial近轴的addition加成additioncompound加成化合物additionhaploid附加单倍体additionline附加系additive
17、添加物,添加剂additiveeffect加性效应additivegeneticvariance加性遗传方差additiverecombination插入重组,加插重组因DNA插入而引起的基因重组addressin地址素选择蛋白(selectin)的寡糖配体,与淋巴细胞归巢有关adducin内收蛋白一种细胞膜骨架蛋白,可与钙调蛋白结合adduct加合物,加成化合物adduction加合离子adenine腺嘌呤adeninearabinoside啊糖腺苷adeninephosphoribosyltransferase腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶adenoma腺瘤adenosine腺嘌呤核苷,腺苷aden
18、osinedeaminase腺苷脱氨酶adenosinediphoshate腺苷二磷酸adenosinemonophosphate腺苷(一磷)酸adenosinephosphosulfate腺苷酰硫酸adenosinetriphosphatase腺苷三磷酸酶adenosinetriphosphate腺苷三磷酸adenovirus腺病毒adenylate腺苷酸;腺苷酸盐、酯、根adenylatecyclase腺苷酸环化酶adenylateenergycharge腺苷酸能荷adenylatekinase腺苷酸激酶adenylicacid腺苷酸adenylylcyclase腺苷酸环化酶adenyly
19、lation腺苷酰化adherence粘着,粘附,粘连;贴壁adherentcell贴壁细胞;粘着(性)细胞,粘附(性)细胞adherentculture贴壁培养adheringjunction粘着连接adhesin粘附素如见于大肠杆菌adhesion吸附,结合,粘合;粘着,粘附,粘连adhesionfactor粘着因子,粘附因子adhesionmolecule粘着分子,粘附分子adhesionplaque粘着斑adhesionprotein粘着蛋白,吸附蛋白adhesionreceptor粘着受体adhesionzone粘着带如见于细菌壁膜之间adhesive粘合剂,胶粘剂adhesiveg
20、lycoprotein粘着糖蛋白adipicacid己二酸,肥酸adipocyte脂肪细胞adipokinetichormone脂动激素见于昆虫adiposetissue脂肪组织adjust动调节,调整;修正adjustable可调的adjustablemiropipettor可调微量移液管adjustablespanner活动扳手adjustedretentiontime调整保留时间adjustedretentionvolume调整保留体积adjuvant佐剂adjuvantcytokine佐剂细胞因子adjuvantpeptide佐剂肽adjuvanticity佐剂(活)性adoptive
21、immunity过继免疫adoptivetransfer过继转移ADPribosylationADP核糖基化ADPribosylationfactorADP核糖基化因子ADPribosyltransferaseADP核糖基转移酶adrenalcorticalhormone肾上腺皮质(激)素adrenaline肾上腺素adrenergicreceptor肾上腺素能受体adrenocepter肾上腺素受体adrenocorticotropichormone促肾上腺皮质(激)素adrenodoxin肾上腺皮质铁氧还蛋白adriamycin阿霉素,亚德里亚霉素adsorbent吸附剂adsorptio
22、n吸附adsorptioncatalysis吸附催化adsorptioncenter吸附中心adsorptionchromatography吸附层析adsorptionfilm吸附膜adsorptionisobar吸附等压线adsorptionisotherm吸附等温线adsorptionlayer吸附层adsorptionpotential吸附电势adsorptionprecipitation吸附沉淀adsorptionquantity吸附量adultdiarrhearotavirus成人腹泻轮状病毒advancedglycosylation高级糖基化advancedglycosylatio
23、nendproduct高级糖基化终产物adventitious不定的,无定形的adverseeffect反效果,副作用aecidiospore锈孢子,春孢子aeciospore锈孢子,春孢子aequorin水母蛋白,水母素aeration通气aerator加气仪,加气装置aerialmycelium气生菌丝体aerobe需氧菌利用分子氧进行呼吸产能并维持正常生长繁殖的细菌aerobic需氧的aerobicbacteria需氧(细)菌aerobiccultivation需氧培养aerobicglycolysis有氧酵解aerobicmetabolism有氧代谢aerobicrespiration
24、需氧呼吸aerobicwastetreatment需氧废物处理aerobiosis需氧生活aerogel气凝胶aerogen产气菌aerolysin气单胞菌溶素Aeromonas气单胞菌属aerosol气溶胶aerosolgenedelivery气溶胶基因送递aerosprayionization气喷射离子化作用aerotaxis趋氧性(细胞)随环境中氧浓度梯度进行定向运动aerotolerantbacteria耐氧菌不受氧毒害的厌氧菌aerotropism向氧性aesculin七叶苷,七叶灵aetiology病原学afferentnerve传入神经affinity亲和,亲和性affinity
25、adsorbent亲和吸附剂affinitychromatography亲和层析affinitycoelectrophoresis亲和共电泳用于研究DNA结合蛋白affinitycolumn亲和柱affinitycoupling亲和偶联affinityelectronmicroscopy亲和电镜(术)用亲和配体包被铜网affinityextraction亲和提取,亲和萃取affinityfiltration亲和过滤affinitylabeling亲和标记affinityligand亲和配体affinitymaturation亲和力成熟见于体液免疫系统的发育affinitypartitionin
26、g亲和分配affinityprecipitation亲和沉淀affinitypurification亲和纯化(法)affinitytag(附加)亲和标记物aflatoxin黄曲酶毒素agar琼脂agardiffusiontest琼脂扩散试验agargel琼脂胶agarplate琼脂平板agarslant琼脂斜面固化时斜放的,装有固体培养基的一种试管培养基;也指斜面培养基上生长出的菌苔agarase琼脂糖酶agarfitine伞菌氨酸agaricin蘑菇素agaricinicacid蘑菇酸agaropectin琼脂胶agarose琼脂糖agarosegel琼脂糖凝胶agarosegelelect
27、rophoresis琼脂糖凝胶电泳agaroseplate琼脂糖平板agepigment老年色素agent剂;介质agglutination凝集(作用)agglutinin凝集素agglutinogen凝集原aggrecan聚集蛋白聚糖来自软骨aggregate聚集体;凝聚体aggregation聚集(作用)aggressin攻击素细菌分泌的一种有助于侵染宿主细胞的化学物质aggressivity攻击力aging衰老,老化,陈化agitation振荡,振摇,搅拌agitator振荡器,搅拌器aglycone苷元,糖苷配基agonist兴奋剂,激动剂,刺激物;竞争剂;拮抗剂agranulocyt
28、e无粒细胞agravitropism无向重力性agretope抗原限制位抗原上识别并结合二类主要组织相容性复合体的部位agriculturalalcohol农产品(制)酒精agriculturalwaste农业废物,农业垃圾agrin集聚蛋白,集聚素由运动神经分泌并可诱导肌纤维的乙酰胆碱酯酶和乙酰胆碱受体发生聚集agrobacteriocin农杆菌素,土壤杆菌素Agrobacterium农杆菌属,土壤杆菌属Agrobacteriumrhizogenes毛根农杆菌,毛根土壤杆菌Agrobacteriumtumefaciems根癌农杆菌,根瘤土壤杆菌agrochemical农用化学品如除草剂,杀虫
29、剂等agrocin农杆素由某些农杆菌所产生并作用于另一些农杆菌的抗生素(不是蛋白质)agrocinopine农杆糖酯一种糖磷酸二酯agroinfection农杆菌感染(法)agropine农杆氨酸,农杆碱见于毛根agropinicacid农杆鸟氨酸,鸟氨农杆碱见于毛根airbubble气泡airdrying风干airfilter空气滤器airmonitering空气监测airpeak空气峰,气泡峰airsterilization空气除菌airflow气流airflowmeter气流计airflowmoniter气流显示器,气流监控仪airliftbioreactor气升式生物反应器airlif
30、tfermentation气升式发酵airliftfermentor气升式发酵罐airlock气锁akaryote无核细胞akineticchromosome无着丝粒染色体akineticfragment无着丝粒断片akineticinversion无着丝粒倒位alamethicin丙甲甘肽来自绿色木酶的一种小肽,富含beta氨基异丁酸alanine丙氨酸alanineaminotransferase丙氨酸转氨酶alarm警报器,定时钟albinism白化病albizziin合欢氨酸,脲基丙氨酸albumin白蛋白,清蛋白alcohol醇;乙醇alcoholdehydrogenase醇脱氢酶;
31、乙醇脱氢酶alcoholicfermentation生醇发酵aldehyde醛;乙醛aldehydedehydrogenase醛脱氢酶aldehydeoxidase醛氧化酶aldimine醛亚胺alditol糖醛aldol羟醛aldolcondensation羟醛缩合aldolase醛缩酶aldonicacid醛糖酸aldose醛糖aldosterome醛固醇alduronicacid糖醛酸aleurome糊粉aleuromegrain糊粉粒aleuromelayer糊粉层alfalfamosaicvirus苜蓿花叶病毒alga藻类(单)algae藻类algicide杀藻剂algin藻胶alg
32、inate藻酸盐alginicacid藻酸algocyan藻蓝素algorithm算法,公式alicyclicamine脂肪胺alicycliccompound脂环化合物alicyclichydrocarbon脂环烃alignment顺序;排列;序列对比alimentarycanal消化管aliphatic脂肪族的aliphaticaminealkaloid脂(肪)族胺(类)生物碱aliphaticcompound脂肪族化合物aliquot小份,等份,等分部分alizarin茜素alkali碱,强碱alkalimetal碱金属alkaline碱的,强碱的alkalineaminoacid碱性氨
33、基酸alkalinedenaturation碱变性法alkalineearthmetal碱土金属alkalinegelelectrophoresis碱性凝胶电泳alkalinehydrolysis碱水解(作用)alkalinelysis碱裂解(法)alkalinephosphatase碱性磷酸酶alkalineprotein碱性蛋白质alkalinereserve碱储备如血液中的碳酸氢钠alkalization碱化alkaloid生物碱alkane烷alkene烯alkyl烷基alkylatingagent烷化剂alkylation烷(基)化alkyne炔allornone全或无allorno
34、thing全或无alltransconfiguration全反构型allantoicacid尿囊酸allantoin尿囊素allatostatin咽侧体抑制素抑制保幼激素的分泌allatotropin促咽侧体素促进保幼激素的分泌allele等位基因allelelinkageanalysis等位基因连锁反应alleliccomplement等位(基因)互补allelicdiversity等位(基因)多样化allelicexclusion等位(基因)排斥一个杂合子表现其任一异型性状的现象,有时特指成熟的B细胞只产生一种抗体而其等位结构不表达allelicinactivation等位(基因)失活al
35、lelicinclusion等位(基因)相容allelicreplacement等位(基因)置换allelicvariation等位(基因)变异allelism等位性allelomorph等位基因allelomorphism等位性allelopathicsubstance异柱克生物质,异种克生物质allelopathy异柱克生(现象),异种克生(现象)allergen变应原allergic变应性的allergicdisease变应性疾病allergy变态反应alloantibody同种抗体alloantigen同种抗原allodiploid异源二倍体allodiploidy异源二倍性allod
36、iplomonosome异源二倍单体allogenicantigen同种异型抗原,同种异体抗原allograft同种异体移植allograftrejection同种异体移植排斥allogroup同种异型组allohaploid异源单倍体alloheteroploid异源异倍体allophycocyanin别藻蓝蛋白,别藻蓝素alloploid异源倍体alloploidy异源倍性allopolyhaploid异源多倍单倍体allopolyploid异源多倍体allopurinol别嘌呤醇allopurinolnucleotide别嘌呤醇核苷酸alloreactivity同种异体反应性allore
37、cognition同种(异体)识别allose阿洛糖allosome异染色体allostericactivation别构激活,别构活化allostericactivator别构激活剂,别构活化剂allostericcontrol别构调节allostericeffect别构效应allostericeffector别构剂allostericenzyme别构酶allostericinbibition别构抑制allostericinbibitor别构抑制剂allostericinteraction别构作用allostericligand别构配体allostericprotein别构蛋白alloster
38、icregulation别构调节allostericsite别构部位allosterictransition别构转换由别构剂所引起的蛋白质构象变化allosterism别构,变构allostery别构性allosynapsis异源联会allotope同种异型位allotrope同素异形体allotrtraploid异源四倍体allotype同种异型allotypicantigen同种异型抗原allotypicdeterminant同种异型决定簇allotypicmarker同种异型标记allotypy同种异型性alloxan四氧嘧啶allozyme同种异型酶allyl烯丙基allylresin
39、烯丙基树脂allysine醛(基)赖氨酸alphavirus甲病毒属属于披膜病毒科alternatesegregation相间分离alternatingcopolymer交替共聚物alternatingcopolymerization交替共聚合alternationofgenerations世代交替alternative另一种的,交替的,备择的alternativecomplementpathway补体旁路alternativepathwayofcomplement补体旁路(途径)alternativepolyadenylation可变聚腺苷酸化alternativeRNAprocessing
40、可变RNA加工alternativeRNAsplicing可变RNA剪接,旁路RNA剪接alternativesplicing可变剪接,旁路剪接alternativesplicingfactor可变剪接因子alternativetranscription可变转录alternativetranscriptioninitiation可变转录起始alternativelysplicedmRNA可变剪接的mRNAaltrose阿卓糖AlufamilyAlu家族alum矾,明矾aluminia氧化铝,矾土alveolargasexchange肺泡气体交换alveolarsurfactant肺泡表面活性物
41、质alytensin产婆蟾(紧张)肽Alzheimerdisease阿尔茨海默病,老年性痴呆amaerobic厌氧的amalgam汞齐amalgamelectrode汞齐电极amanin鹅膏素amanitine鹅膏毒环肽amantadine金刚胺amanullin鹅膏无毒环肽amaryllidaceaealkaloid石蒜科生物碱amastatin氨肽酶抑制剂,抑氨肽酶肽amatoxin鹅膏毒素ambercodon琥珀密码子即UAA终止密码子ambermutant琥珀突变体,琥珀突变型ambermutation琥珀突变ambersuppression琥珀抑制ambersuppressor琥珀(突变)抑制基因,琥珀(突变)抑制因子Amberliteresin商Amberlite树脂,琥石树脂Rohm&Haas公司离子交换树脂的商品名ambident两可的ambidention两可离子ambient周围的ambienttemperature环境温度,室温ambiguouscodon多义密码子ambisense双义ambisensegenome双义基因组ambisenseRNA双义RNA同时编码蛋白质的病毒正链与负链RNAamboceper双纳体既有绵羊红细胞结合位点又有补体结合位点的抗体ambutyrosin氨丁苷
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