美国的银行业系统〔英语〕.docx

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1、美国的银行业系统英语美国的银行业系统英语下面是学习啦我整理的美国的银行业系统，希望对大家有帮助。TheCommercialBankingSystemTodayintheUnitedStatesSeveralofthecharacteristicsofAmericanbankingjustdiscussedcarryoverintotodayscommercialbankingsystem.Prominentamongtheseisthedual-charteringsystem;thatis,wecontinuetohavecommercialbankchartersissuedattwodi

2、fferentlevelsofgovernment.NationalbanksreceivetheirchartersfromtheComptrollerofCurrency.Anynationalbankmusthavesomewhereinitscorporatetitlethewordnational.Thus,forexample,WellsFargoBank,NationalAssociationindicatesthatthisbankhasafederalcharter.AllnationalbanksmustbemembersoftheFederalReserveSystem.

3、Mostbanks,however,receivetheirchartersfromtheappropriateagencyoftheirrespectivestate.Theyareunderthesupervisionoftheirstatesbankingauthority.However,state-charteredcommercialbanksmayelecttobecomemembersoftheFederalReserveSystem,butthisnotmandatoryforthemasitisfornationalbanks.Ifstate-charteredbankse

4、lectmembershipintheFederalReserveSystem,theycomeunderthesupervisionoftwobankingauthorities,stateandnational.Thus,theAmericancommercialbankingsystemiscomprisedoftwotypesofbanks:thememberbanksoftheFederalReserveSystemwhicharenationalbanksandthosestate-charteredbankselectingmembership;andnonmemberstate

5、-charteredbanks.TodaysbankingsystemintheUnitedStatesiscomprisedofmorethan14,000individualbanks.Ofthisnumber,wellunder50percentarememberbanksoftheFederalReserveSystemonly5,788commercialbanksoutofatotalof14,633,orroughly40percent.Thesememberbanks,however,commandedthelargestshareofcommercialbanksresour

6、ces,aboutthree-fourthsasofJune30,1976.Theyheldoverthree-fourthsofdepositssubjecttocheck,$202,144millionasofthesamedate,whichrepresentedsome67percentofourtotalmoneysupply.AlthoughthenationalbanksdidcontinueaconsiderableadvanceinAmericancommercialbankingdevelopment,theyalsobroughtwiththemdisadvantages

7、.Theirimprovementsincludedtheestablishmentofasafe,uniformcurrencyandareductioninthenumberofcommercialbankfailuresthroughstrengtheningduetomoreconservativestandardsofregulationandexamination.Therealsodevelopedameasureofcorrespondentbankingrelationsthroughtheprovisionforregarding,depositsinreservecity

8、andcentralreservecitybanksasreserves.ButthislastfeaturealsowastheSystemsgreatestweakness.TheNationalBankSystemprovidedfortheconcentrationgoexistingreservesintothecitybanks,butnoprovisionwasmadeforthecreationofnewreserveswhennecessary.Inourdiscussion,thesetwocharacteristicsofpresent-daycommercialbank

9、swillbeintheforefrontofmuchofouranalysis:First,commercialbankscreatedepositliabilitiesagainstthemselves,insteadofnoteissueastheearlybanksdid;andsecond,commercialbankstodayholdawidevarietyofearningassets,notjustshort-term,self-liquidatingloans.Onething,however,continuestobejustastruetodayasitwasinthe

10、daysofthebanker:creationofmoneyoccurswhentwooppositetransactionstakeplacesimultaneouslybetweenthecommercialbankandthecustomerThecommercialbankincreasesitsdebttothecustomer,andthecustomerputshimselfintodebttothebankbythesameamount.Thissimultaneousexchangeofliabilitiesissignificantbecauseoneofthedebts

11、createdthedemanddepositliabilityismoneywhiletheother-theloanearnsincomeforthebank.FromMoneyandBankingNOTES1.dualcharteringsystem双轨(银行)注册制，指商业银行既能够在联邦注册，可以在各州注册。这一制度为美国所特有。2.Nationalbanks国民银行，在美国指在联邦注册的商业银行。3.ComptrollerofCurrency壬塑生生里宣(从属于财政部)，是美国金融监管职能部门之一，与美联储共同承当金融业的监管职能。4.FederalReserveSystem联邦储

12、备体系，即美国的中央银行(体系)，通常可简称为美联储。5.state-charteredbanks在州注册的商业银行，通常称为州立银行。6.moneysupply货币供给，包括货币供给量和货币供应行为两方面内容，是指银行系统通过其资金运用向社会注入货币的数量以及相应的行为经过。7.Althoughthenationalbanksdiddid在此处表示强调，可译为确实。8.correspondentbanking代理行业务，指某一银行委托其它银行代为办理某些业务的关系。9.noteissue指中央银行制度建立之前，各商业银行本人发行银行券的业务活动。10.self-liquidatingloans自己清偿贷款，指商业银行向有物资保证且清偿力较高的企业发放的短期贷款。