浅谈非语言交际中的身势语论文.docx
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1、浅谈非语言交际中的身势语论文浅谈非语言交际中的身势语论文身势语BodyLanguage是一个民族文化的组成部分,在当今跨文化交际越来越频繁的世界里,了解其他国家的无声语言有助于促进沟通,避免误解和尴尬。下面是学习啦我为大家精心准备的:浅谈非语言交际中的身势语相关论文。仅供大家参考!浅谈非语言交际中的身势语全文如下:摘要身势语同语言一样,都是文化的一部分。在不同文化中,身势语的意义并不完全一样。各民族有不同的非语言交际方式.例如:不同的民族在谈话时,对双方保持多大距离才适宜有不同的看法;谈话双方身体接触的次数多少因文化不同而各异;在目光接触这一方面也有很多规定:看不看对方,什么时候看,看多久,什
2、么人能够看,什么人不能够看;在某些场合下,在中国和讲英语的国家无论微笑还是大笑,通常表示友好赞同满意高兴愉快,但是在某些场合,中国人的笑会引起西方人的反感;打手势时动作稍有不同,就会与原来的意图有所区别,对某种手势理解错了,也会引起意外的反响等等。因而,要用外语进行有效的交际,在讲某种语言时就得了讲解话人的手势,动作,举止等所表示的意思。而有些权威人士以为两者互相依存。在大多数情况下这是对的。在某些情况下,人体动作与所讲的话不一致,口头讲的与身势语表达的意思不一样。这时要借助其他信息或从整个情况中猜想讲话人的意思,从某种意义上讲,一亲身势语都要放在一定的情景下去理解;忽视了整个情景就会发生误解
3、。而通过中美身势语比照研究表明,两者有类似的地方,也有差异的地方,讲明了解另一种语言中身势语的重要性。可见,真正把握两种语言的人在换用另一种语言讲话时也要换用另一种身势语。这样才能到达更好的交际效果。关键词:非语言交际身势语不同文化不同方式BodyLanguageonNonverbalCommunicationAbstractBodylanguage,likeourverballanguage,isalsoapartofourculture.Butnotallbodylanguagemeansthesamethingindifferentcultures.Differentpeoplehave
4、differentwaysofmakingnonverbalcommunication.Forexample:differentpeoplehavedifferentideasabouttheproperdistancebetweenpeopleconversing;theappropriatenessofphysicalcontactvarieswithdifferentcultures;onecoulddrawupquitealistofrulesabouteyecontact:tolookornottolook;whentolookandhowlongtolook;whoandwhono
5、ttolookat;smilesandlaughterusuallyconveyfriendliness,approval,satisfaction,pleasure,joyandmerriment,and,thisisgenerallytrueinChinaaswellastheEnglish-speakingcountries,however,therearesituationswhensomeChinesewilllaughthatwillcausenegativereactionsbywesterners;gesturescanbeparticularlytroublesome,for
6、aslightdifferenceinmakingthegestureitselfcanmeansomethingquitedifferentfromthatintended,and,awronginterpretationofagesturecanarousequiteunexpectedreactionsandsoon.Soinordertocommunicateeffectivelyinaforeignlanguage,oneshouldknowalsothegestures,bodymovements,mannerismsandetc.thataccompanyaparticularl
7、anguage.Someauthoritiesfeelthatthetwoaredependentoneachother.Thisiscertainlytrueinmostsituations.Butitisalsotruethatincertainsituationsbodyactioncontradictswhatisbeingsaid,justasthespokenwordsmaymeansomethingquitedifferentfromwhatbodylanguagecommunicates.Whenthisoccurs,onemusttrytogetfurtherinformat
8、ion,orguessthemeaningfromthecontextofthesituation.Inasense,allbodylanguageshouldbeinterpretedwithinagivencontext;toignoretheoverallsituationcouldbemisleading.AcomparativestudyofChineseandAmericanbodylanguageshowsanumberofsimilaritiesanddiversitiesofbodylanguage.Itshowstheimportanceofknowingthespecif
9、icgesturesthatgowithalanguage.Observationshowsthatatrulybilingualpersonswitcheshisbodylanguageatthesametimeheswitcheslanguages.Thismakescommunicationeasierandbetter.Keywords:nonverbalcommunicationbodylanguagedifferentculturedifferentwaysContents1.Introduction12.Thenecessityandimportanceoflearningbod
10、ylanguageonnonverbalcommunication23.Theconcretetypesandapplicationofthebodylanguage33.1Typesofbodylanguage33.1.1Distancebetweenpeopleconversing33.1.2Physicalcontact33.1.3Eyecontact43.1.4Smilesandlaughter63.1.5Gestures63.2Applicationofthebodylanguage63.2.1Greetings63.2.2Signsofaffection83.2.3Physical
11、contactinlife83.3AcomparativestudyofChineseandAmericanbodylanguage94.Conclusion121.IntroductionWhenaChineseconverseswithaCanadianorAmericanfriendoftheoppositesex,woulditbeindecenttobelookingattheotherperson?Iftwoyoungfriendsofthesamesexwalkwiththeirarmsaroundeachothersshouldersorholdhands,wouldthisb
12、eregardedbyEnglish-speakingpeopleasproper?Doesnoddingtheheadmeanyes,andshakingtheheadmeannoinallcultures?Therearenotquestionsaboutlanguage,butaboutbodylanguage,aboutnonverbalcommunication.Nonverbalcommunication,composedofpictures,dresses,eyecontact,spatialsignals,gesturesandsoon,isasimportantasverba
13、lcommunication.Peoplecommunicateinmanydifferentways.Oneofthemostimportantways,ofcourse,isthroughlanguage.Moreover,whenlanguageiswrittenitcanbecompletelyisolatedfromthecontextinwhichitoccurs;itcanbetreatedasifitwereanindependentandself-containedprocess.Likeallanimals,peoplecommunicatebytheiractionsas
14、wellasbythenoisestheymake.Itisasortofbiologicalanomalyofmansomethinglikethegiraffesneck,orthepelicansbeakthatourvocalnoiseshavesoforoutgrowninimportanceandfrequencyallourothermethodsofsignalingtooneanother.Languageisobviouslyessentialforhumanbeings,butitisnotthewholestoryofhumancommunication.Notbyal
15、ongshot.Thestudyofnonverbalcommunicationshouldbecomplementarytothestudyoflanguage.Theunderstandingofoneshouldbehelpfulinthefurtherunderstandingoftheother.Someauthoritiesfeelthatthetwoaredependentoneachother.Thisiscertainlytrueinmostsituations.Butitisalsotruethatincertainsituationbodyactioncontradict
16、swhatisbeingsaid,justasthespokenwordsmaymeansomethingquitedifferentfromwhatnonverbalcommunicationcommunicates.Whenthisoccurs,onemusttrytogetfurtherinformation,orguessthemeaningfromthecontextofthesituation.Inacase,allnonverbalcommunicationshouldbeinterpretedwithinagivencontext;toignoretheoverallsitua
17、tioncouldbemisleading.2.ThenecessityandimportanceoflearningbodylanguageonnonverbalcommunicationAlthoughwemaynotrealizeit,whenweconversewithotherswecommunicatebymuchmorethanwords.Byourexpressions,gesturesandotherbodymovementswesendmessagestothesearoundusasmileandanoutstretchedhandshowwelcome.Aformisa
18、signofdispleasure.NoddingonesheadmeansagreementYes.Wavinganoutstretchedhandwithopenpalmisthegestureforgoodbye.Leaningbackinonesseatandyawningatatalkorlectureshowslackofinterest,boredom.Thesegestureshavecometobeacceptedingeneralashavingthemeaningsmentioned,atlasttoChineseandAmericans.Therearepartsoft
19、hewayinwhichwecommunicate.Thisbodylanguage,likeourverballanguage,isalsoapartofourculture.Butnotallbodylanguagemeansthesamethingindifferentcultures.Differentpeoplehavedifferentwaysofmakingnonverbalcommunication.Theanswerstothequestionsatthebeginningofthischapterareallno.Evennoddingtheheadmayhaveadiff
20、erentmeaning.ToNepalese,SriLankans,someIndiansandsomeEskimositmeansnotyes,butno.Soinordertocommunicateeffectivelyinaforeignlanguage,oneshouldknowalsothegestures,bodymovements,mannerismsandetc.thataccompanyaparticularlanguage.Bodylanguageisanimportantmediathroughwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.It
21、referstothepatternsoffacialexpressionsandgesturesthatpeopleusetoexpresstheirfeelingsincommunication.ThespecialistonbodylanguageresearchFen.Lafle.Angles,oncesaid:Onceitwaslost,ababycouldnthavegrownintoanormalperson.Itsalsotruetothejuveniles.Inschooleducation,bodylanguageplaysapositiveroleincultivatin
22、gthestudentscharacters.3.Theconcretetypesandapplicationofthebodylanguage3.1Typesofbodylanguage3.1.1DistancebetweenpeopleconversingWatchanArabandanEnglishmaninconversation.TheArab,showingfriendlinessinthemannerofhispeople,willstandclosetotheEnglishman.Thelatterwillmoveback,watchingtotheEnglishman.The
23、Arabwillthenmoveforwardtobecloser;theEnglishmanwillkeepmovingbackward.Bytheendoftheconversation,thetwomaybequiteadistancefromtheconversation;thetwomaybequiteadistancefromtheplacewheretheywereoriginallystanding!Here,distancebetweenthetwoisthekeyfactor.Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasabouttheproperdi
24、stancebetweenpeopleconversing.Accordingtostudies,itseemstherearefourmaindistancesinAmericansocialandbusinessrelations:intimate,personal,social,andpublic.Intimatedistancerangesfromdirectphysicalcontacttoadistanceofabout45centimeters;thisisforpeoplesmostprivaterelationsandactivities,betweenmanandwife,
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