加拿大简介__3.docx

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1、加拿大简介_Generalinformation:CanadaisaNorthAmericancountryconsistingoftenprovincesandthreeterritories.Locatedinthenorthernpartofthecontinent,itextendsfromtheAtlanticOceanintheeasttothePacificOceaninthewest,andnorthwardintotheArcticOcean.Canadaistheworldssecond-largestcountrybytotalarea,anditscommonborde

2、rwiththeUnitedStatesisthelongestlandborderintheworld.ItisabilingualnationwithbothEnglishandFrenchasofficiallanguages.ThenationalflagofCanada,alsoknownastheMapleLeaf,isaredflagwithawhitesquareinitscentre,featuringastylized11-pointedredmapleleaf.History:Indeed,Canadaissobeautifullydiversethatitmakesit

3、thatlittlebiteasiertocomprehendwhysomanypeoplefoughtforpossessionofit.Duringthe17thcentury,theAnglo-FrenchwaroverCanadaendedwiththecapitulationoftheFrenchCanadiancapital,Qubec,tothebesiegingforcesoftheEnglishGeneralWolfe.TheAmericansmadeanumberofeffortstoseizecontrolofBritainsCanadianterritoriesafte

4、rBritishdefeatintheAmericanWarofIndependence,butfailed,andthetwocountriesthereafterevolvedalongdifferenthistoricalpaths.In1791,CanadawasdividedbetweenregionsoccupiedbytheEnglish-speakingandthelonger-establishedFrench-speakingcommunity,butthearrangementdidnotworkandwasreplacedbyaunifiedsystem.Climate

5、:Winterscanbeharshinmanyregionsofthecountry,particularlyintheinteriorandPrairieprovinces,whichexperienceacontinentalclimate.Innoncoastalregions,snowcancoverthegroundalmostsixmonthsoftheyear(moreinthenorth).CoastalBritishColumbiaenjoysatemperateclimate,withamildandrainywinter.Cities:Canadaisafederati

6、onof10provincesNewfoundlandandLabrador,NovaScotia,NewBrunswick,PrinceEdwardIsland,Quebec,Ontario,Manitoba,Saskatchewan,Alberta,andBritishColumbiaandthreeterritoriesNunavut,theNorthwestTerritories,andtheYukonTerritory.CanadascapitalisOttawaanditslargestcityisToronto.OtherimportantcitiesincludeMontrea

7、l,Vancouver,Edmonton,Calgary,Winnipeg,Hamilton,andQuebec.Ottawa,CanadasCapital,sitsontheborderbetweentheprovincesofOntarioandQuebecincentralCanada.Itsthefourth-largesturbanareainCanada.TorontoisthelargestcityinCanadaandtheprovincialcapitalofOntario.ItislocatedinSouthernOntarioonthenorthwesternshoreo

8、fLakeOntario.AsCanadaseconomiccapital,TorontoisconsideredanalphaworldcitybytheGlobalizationandWorldCities(GaWC)studygroupandisoneofthetopfinancialcentresintheworld.Torontosleadingeconomicsectorsincludefinance,businessservices,telecommunications,aerospace,transportation,media,arts,film,televisionprod

9、uction,publishing,softwareproduction,medicalresearch,education,tourismandsportsindustries.OtherimportantcitiesincludeMontreal,Vancouver,Edmonton,Calgary,Winnipeg,Hamilton,andQuebec.Collegelife:OverthepastfourdecadesCanadianhighereducationhaschangeddramatically.Thisismostevidentwithrespecttothegrowth

10、inmembersofstudents,facultyandnewinstitutions.Atthesametime,qualitativechangeshavehappened,forexampleanemphasisonappliedresearch,internationalizationandcommercialization.UniversitiesandcollegesinCanadaofferfourseasonsofrecreationalopportunities,culturalactivitiesandyear-roundsportsinworld-classfacil

11、ities.Sportsteamsarepopularattheuniversities.Someoftheseincludehockey,baseball,basketball,soccer,golf,tennis,badminton,squash,swimmingandsoon.Studyinginuniversitydemandsmorereadingandthinking,lessmemorizationthaninhighschool.Universitiesstudentsoftenfindaromanticloveoncampus.Itiscommontoseetwolovers

12、handinhandastheywalkdownthetree.ParentsinCanadausuallydonotmindiftheirchildhasfoundaromanticlove.Andalsouniversitydonotmindifstudentsdate.Canadianstudentsjoindifferentclubswheretheycandophotographart,drama,ormanyotherthings.AlmostallthecampusesinalltheuniversitiesinCanadaaregreenmeadowandfreshflower

13、s,greentreesandgrasseseverywhere.Thestudentsenjoythebeautifulpubliclawns.Culture:Canadiancultureisatermthatexplainstheartistic,musical,literary,culinary,politicalandsocialelementsthatarerepresentativeofCanadaandCanadians,notonlytoitsownpopulation,butpeopleallovertheworld.Canadasculturehashistoricall

14、ybeeninfluencedbyEuropeancultureandtraditions,especiallyBritishandFrench.Canadaisamultinationalcountry.ForhundredsofyearscitizensfrommanycountrieshavecometoCanadasshores,bringingwiththemtherichgiftsoftheirculturaltraditionsforallofthemtoshare.WalkdownthestreetsofCanadiancitiessuchasVancouver,Montrea

15、landToronto,facesfromallovertheworldgreetyou.Canadaisareallypeacefulnation,andithasavoidedtheworstexcessesofintoleranceandprejudicethathavecharacterizedmanynationswheredifferentnationalitiesandethnicgroupscoexist.SportinCanada:ThesportingcultureofCanadaisdifferentfromthatofmanyothercountries.Compare

16、dtoanyothernation,CanadianspreferauniquesetofsportsthatareimportedfromtheUnitedStatesorhomegrownnamelyfootball,basketball,baseball,andicehockey.Icehockey,referredtoassimplyhockeyinthecountry,isCanadasofficialwintersport,itsmostpopularspectatorsport,anditsmostsuccessfulsportininternationalcompetition

17、.CanadianfootballisCanadassecondmostpopularspectatorsport,andtheCanadianFootballLeaguesannualchampionship,theGreyCup,isthecountryslargestannualsportsevent.Asacountrywithagenerallycoolclimate,CanadahasenjoyedgreatersuccessattheWinterOlympicsthanattheSummerOlympics.People:About40%oftheCanadianpopulati

18、onareofBritishdescent,while27%areofFrenchorigin.Another20%areofotherEuropeanbackground,about10%areofEorSEAsianorigin,andsome3%areofaboriginalorMtis(mixedaboriginalandEuropean)background.Inthelate1990s,Canadahadthehighestimmigrationrateofanycountryintheworld,withmorethanhalfthetotalcomingfromAsia.Ove

19、r75%ofthetotalpopulationliveincities.Canadahascompletereligiousliberty,thoughitsgrowingmulticulturalismhasattimescausedtensionsamongethnicandreligiousgroups.About45%ofthepeopleareRomanCatholics,whilesome40%areProtestant(thelargestgroupsbeingtheUnitedChurchofCanada,Anglicans,andPresbyterians).English

20、andFrencharetheofficiallanguages,andfederaldocumentsarepublishedinbothlanguages.In1991,about61%ofCanadianscitedEnglishastheirmothertongue,while24%citedFrench.Economy:SinceWorldWarIIthedevelopmentofCanadasmanufacturing,mining,andservicesectorshasledtothecreationofanaffluentsociety.Servicesnowaccountf

21、or66%oftheGDP,whileindustryaccountsfor31%.TourismandfinancialservicesrepresentsomeofCanadasmostimportantindustrieswithintheservicesector.However,manufacturingisCanadassinglemostimportanteconomicactivity.Theleadingproductsaretransportationequipment,pulpandpaper,processedfoods,chemicals,primaryandfabr

22、icatedmetals,petroleum,electricalandelectronicproducts,woodproducts,printedmaterials,machinery,clothing,andnonmetallicminerals.IndustriesarecenteredinOntario,Quebec,and,toalesserextent,BritishColumbiaandAlberta.Canadasindustriesdependonthecountrysrichenergyresources,whichincludehydroelectricpower,pe

23、troleum,naturalgas,coal,anduranium.Canadaisaleadingmineralproducer,althoughmuchofitsmineralresourcesaredifficulttoreachduetopermafrost.Itistheworldslargestsourceofnickel,zinc,anduranium,andamajorsourceoflead,asbestos,gypsum,potash,tantalum,andcobalt.Otherimportantmineralresourcesarepetroleum,natural

24、gas,copper,gold,ironore,coal,silver,diamonds,molybdenum,andsulfur.Themineralwealthislocatedinmanyareas;someofthemostproductiveregionsareSudbury,Ont.(copperandnickel);Timmins,Ont.(lead,zinc,andsilver);andKimberley,BritishColumbia(lead,zinc,andsilver).PetroleumandnaturalgasarefoundinAlbertaandSaskatch

25、ewan.Agricultureemploysabout3%ofthepopulationandcontributesasimilarpercentageoftheGDP.Thesourcesofthegreatestfarmincomearelivestockanddairyproducts.Amongthebiggestincome-earningcropsarewheat,oats,barley,corn,andcanola.Canadaisoneoftheworldsleadingagriculturalexporters,especiallyofwheat.Manitoba,Sask

26、atchewan,andAlbertaarethegreatgrain-growingprovinces,and,withOntario,arealsotheleadingsourcesofbeefcattle.Themainfruit-growingregionsarefoundinOntario,BritishColumbia,Quebec,andNovaScotia.ApplesandpeachesaretheprincipalfruitsgrowninCanada.Morethanhalfofthetotallandareaisforest,andCanadiantimberprodu

27、ctionranksamongthehighestintheworld.Music:TheMusicofCanadahasreflectedthemulti-culturalinfluencesthathaveshapedthecountry.Aboriginals,theFrench,andtheBritishhaveallmadecontributionstothemusicalheritageofCanada.Canadianmusicindustryhasbeenhelpedbygovernmentregulationdesignedtoprotectandencouragethegr

28、owthofdistinctCanadianculture.TheCanadianContent(CANCON)regulationsrequireallradiostationsinCanadaplayatleast36%Canadianmusic.ThishasenabledCanadianartiststogarnersuccessontheairwaveswhichwereoncedominatedbyAmericanandEuropeanacts.IndividualsarehonouredatTheJunoAwards,recognizingCanadianachievementi

29、npopularmusic.Inaddition,Canadaishometoanumberofpopularsummer-timefolkfestivals,includingtheWinnipegFolkFestival.Others:Canadaisacountrywhereyoucanfindthemostamazinglandscapesintheworld.Fromcoasttocoast,thediversityofsceneinCanadaishuge,theNorthernLights,theGreatLakes,magnificentfalls,woods,andfauna

30、,nodoubtitisacountrywithplentyofbeauty.Canadaisoneofthemostexcitingtraveldestinationsintheworld.Ithasmanyinterestingcities,likeToronto,NorthVancouver,MontrealorHalifax.Butalsosomeofthemostimpressivenature,whichisgreatforoutdooractivities,likehiking,skiing,raftingandfishing.TorontoisthelargestcityinC

31、anadaandsincethe1970shasbeenoneofthefastest-changingcitiesinNorthAmerica,experiencinganenormousgrowthinforeign-bornresidents.ThebestplacetostartistheCNTower,thetallestfree-standingstructureintheworld,fromthisvantagepoint,visitorsgetabirds-eye-viewofthecitysstrikingskylineanduniquegeography.Whetheryo

32、urpassionisskiing,sailing,museum-combingorindulginginexceptionalcuisine,Canadahasitall.WesternCanadaisrenownedforitsstunninglybeautifulcountryside;EasternCanadamixestheflavourandcharmofEuropewiththebustleoftrendyNewYork;wildlifeviewingisatitsbestinNorthernCanada;and,everywhere,youwillbesurprisedbyhowmuchmorethereistothiscountrythanjustmaplesyrupandMounties.