2013高考完型填空(1)解题技巧.ppt

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1、 关于关于方法方法的知识的知识 是最重要的知识是最重要的知识。 达尔文达尔文1.题材常为记叙文或题材常为记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章夹叙夹议的文章.2.内容完整内容完整,逻辑性强逻辑性强,语言结构严谨语言结构严谨.3.考察近义词语细微差别的辨析考察近义词语细微差别的辨析.4.考察重点多为实词考察重点多为实词:名名/代代/动词动词/形容形容/副词副词等等.5.关注语境背景知识关注语境背景知识,侧重上下关联侧重上下关联,暗示判断暗示判断能力能力.6.侧重于篇章侧重于篇章,体现语用判断和内在逻辑体现语用判断和内在逻辑.完型填空特点完型填空特点: :完形填空总体要求完形填空总体要求完形填空全面考查学生的语言

2、知识、阅完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。读理解能力和总体语言水平。解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等识等进行解题。进行解题。1.Many old people dont have good _. A.hearing B. health C. eyesight D. mind1)They cant watch TV, but they can listen to music or news in

3、the radio.2) They cant listen to music or news over the radio, but they can read with glasses.3) They cant walk outside, but they can watch TV or listen to music or news over the radio at home.CAB篇章篇章理解理解解题方法：解题方法：总的原则总的原则: : “先完意，后完形先完意，后完形”。八字方针：八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。上下求索，瞻前顾后。三步曲：三步曲：读读填填读读三步答题三步答题Step1

4、Skip(跳读跳读) the passage to get the general idea and pay attention to the first sentence.1). 细读首句，预测主题细读首句，预测主题 “完形填空完形填空” 所选短文一般无标题，但所选短文一般无标题，但首首句通常不设空，句通常不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，建立正确的思维导向。同时也不可忽视尾句前建立正确的思维导向。同时也不可忽视尾句前后呼应的作用。后呼应的作用。2). 跳读全文，领会大意跳读全文，领会大意 要学会跳读技巧。借助首尾句所给启示，要学会跳读技巧。借助首尾句所给启示，跳过

5、空格，快速把短文从头到尾通读一遍，跳过空格，快速把短文从头到尾通读一遍，进一步进一步从整体上理解短文大意从整体上理解短文大意。这是正确选。这是正确选择的基础，也是做题的关键。择的基础，也是做题的关键。切忌急于求成，切忌急于求成，看一句填一空。看一句填一空。若一开始就忙于填空，势必若一开始就忙于填空，势必无法掌握文章中心，造成顾此失彼，错误百无法掌握文章中心，造成顾此失彼，错误百出的不良结果。这是因为出的不良结果。这是因为完形填空主要考察完形填空主要考察对语境的理解，对语境的理解，若是在没有弄清短文大意的若是在没有弄清短文大意的情况下就去选择填空，可能会因备选项的干情况下就去选择填空，可能会因备

6、选项的干扰而偏离主题，一错到底。扰而偏离主题，一错到底。Which is the topic sentence in the passage? Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course there have always been people who have looked for adventurethose who have climbed the highest mountains, explored unknown parts

7、of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for an immediate pleasure from a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds. there are people who look for an immediate pleasure from a risky activity which may only last a

8、 few minutes or even seconds. Now, however,Step2 通读全文，试选答案通读全文，试选答案Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods. (在把握语篇大意的基础上，以全文为背景，在把握语篇大意的基础上，以全文为背景，初步完形空格。试填选项时，一定要注意在初步完形空格。试填选项时，一定要注意在语境理解上下功夫，要抓住上下文的内容联语境理解上下功夫，要抓住上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系。借助于一些恰当的方法选择系和逻辑关系。借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案最佳答案

9、)Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers. 1) 推敲难题推敲难题有些空格在初步完形时就可以定局，可部分空格有些空格在初步完形时就可以定局，可部分空格答案还不明朗。做到这一步，我们已能将短文中答案还不明朗。做到这一步，我们已能将短文中被挖去的词被挖去的词“复位复位”了一些，对语境的了解更清了一些，对语境的了解更清晰，更准确了。我们要充分利用这一有利条件，晰，更准确了。我们要充分利用这一有利条件，联系上下文意，根据常识，运用逻辑推理，结合联系上下文意，根据常识，运用逻辑推理，结合语境和已选答案所提供的信息，对候选项再次进语境和已选答案

10、所提供的信息，对候选项再次进行仔细推敲，缜密考虑，选出最佳答案。行仔细推敲，缜密考虑，选出最佳答案。2) 检验选项是否合理。检验选项是否合理。 上下文、前后逻辑关系是否一致？上下文、前后逻辑关系是否一致？ 所有选项是否符合作者的写作意图、所有选项是否符合作者的写作意图、 是否符合文章的主旨大意？是否符合文章的主旨大意？完形填空之 八大解题技巧 (例例) I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was 36 and when I was 14, he said, “Youre never going to be 37(anythin

11、g) but a failure. ” 36. A. bright B. useless C. simple D. hopeful1.I graduated from a small public school in Michigan. Our football coach encouraged us to win the game and we did so in the last game we played before 11 .11. A. liberation B. closing C. graduation D. schoolPractice2. When I was six ye

12、ars old, I was visiting my grandfathers farm .Grandfather had sent me into the _1_ to gather pecans for us to enjoy later. 1. A. rooms B. woods C. apartments D. roadsPractice(例例) My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling 1_, but I always knew he was special

13、When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, “Richard, when I was 23, I wanted to be a biologist, but I didnt pursue my dream. My dad persuaded me to go into law. And Ive always regretted it. You know what you want. Go fulfill it.” A. biologist B. manager C. lawyer D. gardener 2. 根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题

14、根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题Practice His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight. 43. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked 44. A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker常见的标志性的词语有以下几种常见的标志性的

15、词语有以下几种:结构层次结构层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly；逻辑关系：逻辑关系：thus, therefore, so；递进关系：递进关系：besides, whats more, furthermore;转折关系：转折关系：but, while, however等。等。3. 利用语篇的标志性的词语解题利用语篇的标志性的词语解题(例例) She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) _1_vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak

16、 color film she had not yet developed. 1.A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important1) Her hand was _12_ and dirty, but I didnt mind holding her hand 12. A. soft B. rough C. large D. neat2) Life has become _35_. However, a bicycle is simple. 35. A. boring B. complex C. stressful D. t

17、ough Practice(例例)and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange_37_quite pleasant taste. A. besides B. but C. and D. or 4. 根据逻辑推理解题根据逻辑推理解题1)A transistor radio is sometimes very small. It is very easy to carry 48 , radio broadcasts are better for blind p

18、eople. 53 Practice A. Besides B. However C. Yet D. Sometimes5. 根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择(例例) , because the earth is divided into_41_ time zones, one hour apart. 41.A. twenty-two B. twenty-three C. twenty-four D. twenty- fivePractice One of the most famous statues in the world stands on an islan

19、d in New York Harbor. This statue is, of course, the Statue of liberty. The Statue of liberty is a (an) _1_ who holds a _2 _ up high.1. A. man B. woman C. child D. old2. A. cane B. candle C. torch D. lamp(例例) I went into a caf and asked for coffee. 21 I was waiting for my drink, I realized that ther

20、e were other people in the place , but I sensed 22 (loneliness). ABefore BSince CAlthough DWhile6.从语法角度来解题从语法角度来解题Practice 1）One afternoon, I walked into a building to ask _6_ there were any job opportunities. 6. A. why B. wherever C. whether D. whenever 2）_33_ the shopkeeper was the selling me the

21、bicycle, hr said, This is the best thing you _34_ (could) have done. 33. A. Althogh B. because C. As D. Unless例例1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming_1_.So he shouldnt have gone into that place. 1. A. after all B. in all C. at all D. for all 2) So I tried hard with my writing and went

22、 to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college. 45.A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back7.从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题Practice 1) There he was, working hard at his small business, _48_ (waving) at passers-by and stop to chat now and then _49_ elderly men and women on their way to

23、the market nearby. A. about B. for C. with D. like 2). I planted some lily (百合花百合花)seeds in the yard. But they failed to _42_ . A. come up B. break out C. hold on D. get through 8.利用词汇的复现解题利用词汇的复现解题 (例例) This would be a good opportunity to _5_ my children, so I explained their difficult situation to

24、 my seven-year-old twins, and to three-year-old Meghan I stared at Meghan for a long moment, 18 (wondering) how I could teach the boys the lesson she had just taught me. A. help B. instruct C. teach D. change1)English and math were my worst two subjects. There may be something wrong with me, inside

25、my _4_ . I knew someone in the world finally understood what it was like for me to be missing a finger inside my head. A. head B. heart C. mind D. body 2) Garths e-mail was short, but I learned more from that _52_ message than I ever did from a textbook. A. exact B. urgent C. brief D. humorous同义词、近义词复现同义词、近义词复现Practice原词复现原词复现1). 细读首句，预测主题细读首句，预测主题 3）通读全文，试选答案）通读全文，试选答案2). 跳读全文，领会大意跳读全文，领会大意4) 再读原文，推敲难题再读原文，推敲难题5) 检验选项是否合理。检验选项是否合理。完形填空之完形填空之 实战训练实战训练