9BUnit1Grammar课件.ppt

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1、Fun with English9B Unit1 Life on Mars9B Unit1 Life on MarsGrammarGrammar he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves注注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。分，在口语当中往往省略。around the sun由从属连词由从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句I hear (that) _. He said (that) _. The teacher told

2、us (that) _. that不能省略的几种情况不能省略的几种情况在由在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾语从句中，引导的宾语从句中，that则不能省略。则不能省略。1. 从句的主语是从句的主语是that。如：。如： He says that that is a real kings hat. 他说那是一个真的王冠

3、。2. that从句中含有主从复合句。如：从句中含有主从复合句。如： Im afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it.3. 主从句之间有插入语时。如：主从句之间有插入语时。如： It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays. 卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。可以省略。如： She said (that

4、) she would come and that she would also bring her son. 她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。About the planet Mars1. These planet will produce food and oxygen that we need to live on Mars.2. Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars.3. People think that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themsel

5、ves heavier.4. We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system.5. The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light.6. Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable.Which sentence has an object clau

6、se?. if和和whether引导宾语从句时，作引导宾语从句时，作“是否是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但用。但if常用于口语中，常用于口语中，whether比较正式。比较正式。如： Millie asked if/whether he liked this sweater. 米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。 The fisherman wants to know if/whether it will rain. 渔民想知道天是否会下雨。 . if和和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于引导宾语从句时，要注

7、意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如： Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me? Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208?. if和和whether的区别。的区别。 二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：1. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用，不用if。如： Whether this

8、is true or not, I cant say. 这是否对，我不能说 2. 宾语从句与宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用直接连用时，应用whether， 不能用不能用if。如： I dont know whether or not he will come tomorrow. 我不知道他明天是否要来。3. 与动词不定式连用时，只能用与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如： She cant decide whether to go to America. 她不能决定是否去美国。4. 从句作介词宾语时，只能用从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如： I worry about

9、 whether I hurt her feeling. 我担心是否伤了她的感情。5. 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用，不能用whether。如： Tom wants know if he wont come here tomorrow. 汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。1. Uncle Wang came up to see _ there was anything wrong with the machine.2. The shop keeper asked my father _ or not he wanted to choose

10、 a big Christmas tree.If / whetherwhether3. I dont know _ to go or stay?4. _ that is true, what should we do?whetherIf5. _ they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. Whether其次要注意时态变化： 1. 若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。时态。如： He wants to know if/whether they had a good

11、journey home. 他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。2. 若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如： Did the train leave? She didnt know. She didnt know if / whether the train had left.Complete the sentences.whethe

12、r/if we can grow plantsif/whether many people are going to movewhether or not he doeswhether I hurt her feelings1. 我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。 We are wondering _on Mars.2. 你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星上你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星上去吗？去吗？ Could you tell me _ to Mars?3. 我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。 I dont know _ an

13、y washing. 4. 我担心是否伤害了她的感情。我担心是否伤害了她的感情。 I was worried about _.1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 4. I hear they _ (return) it already. 5. He said that they _ members of

14、 the Party since 1948. (be)6. He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)7. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)8. I think you _ about the murder now. (talk) will be goes were playing have returned had been travels are talking were doing9. I didnt know whom the lett

15、ers _ from. (be)10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. Mr Wang told me that the earth _ (move) round the sun. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)13. Ling Feng told me he _ there several times. (be)14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise)15.

16、 Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do) wrote moves has taken had been risesdid were将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to go skiing? He asked. 4. He is doing his homework. He said. 5. He will c

17、ome back. Tom said. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to go skiing. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. 6. Is she doing her homework? Jim asked. 7. When will he come back? Tom asked.

18、 8.How can I get to the station? Could you tell me?9.Why is the train late? Would you tell me?10. Where is Tom? They asked. Tom asked when he would come back. Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. Jim asked if she was doing h

19、er homework. Using “can”, “could”, “may” and “might” to talk about permission. can, could, may, might都可以用来表示都可以用来表示请求或给予许可。但用法上有一些区请求或给予许可。但用法上有一些区别别：1. can与与could can常用于口语中，表示非正式的请求，请求对象常用于口语中，表示非正式的请求，请求对象一般是家人或朋友。如：一般是家人或朋友。如：a)Can I borrow your bike, Simon? 西蒙，我可以借一下你的自行车吗？西蒙，我可以借一下你的自行车吗？ Of co

20、urse. 当然可以。当然可以。b)Can I have some milk, Mum? 妈妈，我可以喝点牛奶吗？妈妈，我可以喝点牛奶吗？ Yes, you can. 好的。好的。 could是是can的过去式，在口语中，的过去式，在口语中，could常用来代替常用来代替can向对方更委婉地提出请求，用法上比向对方更委婉地提出请求，用法上比can正式，正式，可以用于向老师或长辈提出请求，这时可以用于向老师或长辈提出请求，这时could不表不表示过去，回答一般还是用示过去，回答一般还是用can。如：。如：a) Could I use your computer, please? 请问，我可请问，

21、我可以用一下你的电脑吗？以用一下你的电脑吗？ Yes, you can. 可以。可以。b) Could I hand in our homework later, Mr Lin? 林老师，我可以稍后交作业吗？林老师，我可以稍后交作业吗？ No, you cant. 不，不行。不，不行。2. may与与might may也可以用来征求对方意见，意为也可以用来征求对方意见，意为“可以可以”，相当于相当于could，用法也比，用法也比can更正式，更礼貌，一更正式，更礼貌，一般用于向陌生人或所尊敬的人请求许可。如：般用于向陌生人或所尊敬的人请求许可。如：a) May I ask you a ques

22、tion? 我可以我可以 问你一个问题吗？问你一个问题吗？ Yes, please. 可以，请问。可以，请问。b) May I come in, Mr Wu? 吴老师，我可以进来吗？吴老师，我可以进来吗？ No, you may not. 不行。不行。 might是是may的过去式，它也可以用来表示征求的过去式，它也可以用来表示征求对方意见，不过很少用。对方意见，不过很少用。might在语气上比在语气上比may更更婉转，但不如婉转，但不如may表现得那么自信，这时表现得那么自信，这时might不不表示过去时态，肯定回答时通常用表示过去时态，肯定回答时通常用may。如：。如：a) Might I join you? 我可以加入你们吗？我可以加入你们吗？ Yes, you may. 可以。可以。b) Might I have a look at your new plan? 我可以看一下你的新计划吗？我可以看一下你的新计划吗？ No, you may not. 不，不行。不，不行。Can you help Simon ask for permission? CanCouldMayMight 1. father2. Mr Hu3. Andy4. Cousin TonyI ?Yes / No, you