grammar4主谓一致1.ppt

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1、主谓主谓一致一致1. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered3. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is no

2、t decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 4. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were5. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is play

3、ing B. have played C. are playing D. play 6. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are语法一致的原则语法一致的原则 主语为单数或不可数形式，则谓语动词主语为单数或不可数形式，则谓语动词也用单数形式；也用单数形式； 主语为复数形式，则谓语动词也用复数主语为复数形式，则谓语动词也用复数形式。形式。I often help him

4、and he often helps me.We often help each other.意义一致原则 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，则主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数；谓语动词用复数； 主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，则谓主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，则谓语动词用单数。语动词用单数。The crowd were surrounding the government official.Maths is hard to learn.意义一致的原则意义一致的原则（1. 由由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现

5、。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那个工人兼作家那个工人兼作家) (比较：比较：The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那那位工人和那位作家位作家) Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 2. Every and (every), each and (each , no and (no) , many a and (many a)连接两个单数名词作主语。连接两个单数名词作主语。 Every desk and every chair is

6、made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 3. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +复数名词作主语。复数名词作主语。 Each of the students has a book. 4. clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。等无生命的集合名词作主语。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded are

7、a. 5. 以以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。主语。 6. 表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。时。 Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 7. 由由any-,some-,no-和和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。等所构成的不定代词作主语。 8. 非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。 Collecting stamp

8、s is what he likes. Whatever was left was taken away. 9. 单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。 1. 由由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 2. people , police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。等有生命的集体名词作主语。 The police are looking for the missing child. 3. goods, stairs, arms

9、 等名词作主语。等名词作主语。 4. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。结尾的专有名词作主语。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 5. a number of /quantities of /a group of +名词作主语。名词作主语。 1. 集体名词集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority

10、, group等作主等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。 His family is a great one. His family are music lovers. 2. means, works, pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。 The steel works is near the station. Two new steel works are being built. 3. 作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。而定。 4. all, none, some, any 等

11、不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。 All are present . All the food tastes good. 5. 作主语作主语: 谓语动词要和谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。之后的名词单复数保持一致。 Not only he but also I am invited. Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress. 置置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。 The teacher with a

12、 number of students is in the classroom.1His family _ a small one2His family _ fat and short Ais，is Bare，are Cis，are Dare，is 此题应选此题应选 。family是一个集合名词，具有单数是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体侧重指整体)和和复数复数(侧重指个体侧重指个体)两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有：两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有： team(队，队员队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群人群)，government(政府政府

13、)，crew(乘务员乘务员)，committee(委员会，委员们委员会，委员们)，audience(听众听众)等：等： This class consists of 45 students. Mr Green teaches it 这个班这个班45个学生，由格林先生教。个学生，由格林先生教。 This class are all diligent. Mr Green teaches them.这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。 The team is the best in the league这个队在联赛中打得最好。这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The fo

14、otball team are having baths足球队队员们在洗澡。足球队队员们在洗澡。 It was late, but the audience was increasing.时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。 The audience were all moved to tears.听众都感动得流了泪。听众都感动得流了泪。 但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法： 1. 有的集合名词总是用作单数有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数不可数)：clothing 衣服，衣服，poetry 诗诗歌，歌，baggag

15、eluggage 行李，行李，furniture家俱，家俱，machinery 机械，机械，scenery 景色，景色，jewellery珠宝等。珠宝等。 2. 有的集合名词总是表示复数意义有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式但不用复数形式)：people人，人，police警察，警察，cattle牲口等。牲口等。We Chinese _ a hard-working people Ais Bare Cis being Dare being 此题应选此题应选 。这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不

16、是谓语与表语一谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。 These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim The planets were the object of his study The most important thing I need is books The countrys leading export is watches The best part of the meal is the coffee

17、 and cookies 但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境（多数情况是看其后面词语的底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境（多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数），例如：单复数），例如：Who is your brother？谁是你的兄弟？谁是你的兄弟？Who are your brothers？哪些是你的兄弟？哪些是你的兄弟？What he said is quite correct他所说的完全正确。他所说的完全正确。 What he left me are only a few old book

18、s他给我留下的只是几本旧他给我留下的只是几本旧书。书。1. You or he _ to blame你或他有一人要受责备。你或他有一人要受责备。2. _ you or he to blame? 受责备的是你还是他？受责备的是你还是他？ Ais，Is Bare，Are Cis，Are D are，Is 在通常情况下，两个并列主语由在通常情况下，两个并列主语由or，eitheror，neithernor，notbut，not onlybut（also）等连接时，其谓语通常与第二个等连接时，其谓语通常与第二个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致，但是，在疑问句中则通常与主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致，

19、但是，在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致。第一个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致。 1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare C

20、am Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam DbeA library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift Ais offered Bhas offered Care offered Dhave offered 用连词用连词and连接的两个并列主语，其谓语要用复数，但是若主连接的两个并列主语，其谓语要用复数，但是若主语跟有语跟有with, like, but, except, besides, i

21、ncluding, together with, along with, as well as, more than, no less than, rather than等连接的另一个等连接的另一个名词，其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。名词，其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。1Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been2A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come3No one except my parents _ anything about this。 Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known4The teacher as well as the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading5All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed