自考英语二重点讲解温习资料__1.docx

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1、自考英语二重点讲解温习资料_自考英语二重点讲解温习资料自考英语二重点讲解温习资料自考英语二重点讲解温习资料自考英语二温习资料第一章重点单词扩大讲解：1.organizational:a组织上的由此我们能够联想到：organize:v组织；organization:n组织；organizer:n组织者请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空：1).Lastweek,ourschool_aspringouting.2).Thetaskcallsforthehighest_skill.3).ChinahasjoinedWorldTrade_.4).Heisthe_ofthespeechcontest.

2、Answers:organized,organizational,Organization,organizer2.objective:n目的；a客观的，反义词subjective:主观的3.predict:v预言、预示；由此我们能够联想到：prediction:n预言；predictable:a可预测的；predictor:n预言家4.simplify:v简化由此我们能够联想到：simple:a简单的；simply:ad简单地，仅仅地；simplification:n简化；simplified:a被简化的。Exercisesfortheabovewords:1).Themachineis_in

3、operationbutcomplexinstructure.2).ShakespearesRomeoandJulietintheoriginalisbeyondourcapacitywhile_editionisquiteeasy.3).Thereisnopointinarguingaboutit,becauseitis_aquestionofprocedure.4).The_ofworkingprocessfreedtheworkersfroheavylabor.Answers:simple;simplified;simply;simplification5.tendency:n趋势、倾向

4、；tend:v倾向于，tendtodosthe.g.oldpeoplehavethetendencyofgettingfatter.Oroldpeopletendtogetfatter.6.managerial:a经理的、经营上的；由此我们能够联想到：manage:v管理、经营；management:n;manager:n经营者，管理者；manageable:a可管理的、可经营的。7.argue:v争辩、争论，常用固定搭配：arguwithsbabout/oversth由于某事而同某人争论；arguesbintodoingsth讲服某人做某事；arguesboutofdoingsth讲服自考英

5、语二重点讲解温习资料自考英语二重点讲解温习资料某人不要做某事。e.g.1.Theyoungcouplealwaysarguewitheachotherovertheirchildseducation.2.Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney.8.define:v给下定义；definition:n定义9.profitability:n赚钱，获利由此我们能够联想到：profit:n利润；profitable:a有利可图的,有好处的；profitless:a没有利润的。1).Hehasmadea_fromrunningasmallrestaurant

6、.2).Thedealwas_toallofus.3).Theyvalued_differently,whichledtodisagreementastothecorrectnessofdecision.Answer:profit,profitable;profitability.10.correctness:n正确性；字根：correct:a正确的；v纠正，correction:n纠正；incorrect:a不正确的。11.unintended:a非计划中的，由此我们能够联想到：intend:v打算，计划；intention:n；intended:a计划中的课文难句讲解、分析1.Adecis

7、ionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.(p1)译：决策就是从几种能够选择的做法中作出选择。分析：该句是主系表构造。madefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable是过去分词短语做定语修饰achoice;其中thatareavailable是定语从句修饰coursesofaction.像这样一环修饰一环的句子构造在英文中很普遍，因而为了看懂句子大家必须学会分析。这是整个英语学习经过中很重要的能力！2.Thereasonformakinga

8、decisionisthataproblemexists,goalsorobjectivesarewrong,orsomethingisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthem.(p1)译：做出决策的原因是由于存在问题，目的或目的有错误，或者有某种东西防碍着它们的实现。分析：该句又是主系表构造。That引导三个并列的表语从句，aproblemexists，goalsorobjectivesarewrong；somethingisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthem。短语：makeadecision:做出决策；standinthew

9、ay:阻挡、防碍自考英语二重点讲解温习资料自考英语二重点讲解温习资料3.Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance,butsinceuncertaintyisalwaysthere,riskaccompaniesdecisions.(p2)译：通常管理者必须对将来的情况做出最佳预测，进而使偶尔性尽可能少地发生，但由于不确定性总是存在，所以决策常伴随着风险。分析：前半句是主谓宾构造。whatthefuturewillbe是at的宾语；aslittleaspo

10、ssible做leave的宾语；since引导原因状语从句，相当于because.4.Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.(p3)译：假如没有选择，就不会有决策。分析：这是一句很简单的条件状语从句，但它有一个很重要的考点：tobemade。这是动词不定式做定语修饰decision，有将来意味。比方：Thelastquestiontobediscussedtodayishowtodividetheworkamongourselves.5.Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies

11、,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.(p3)译：对于管理者而言，每次决策都遭到政策、程序、法律以及惯例等因素制约。分析：这句话的考点是basedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike。同样是过去分词短语做定语修饰constraints。其中词组：baseon以为基础。如：ThefilmisbasedonsshortstorybyJackLondon.6.Butthetendencytosimplifyblindsthemtootheralternatives.(p4)译：但是这种简化的倾向使得他

12、们看不到其他可供选择的方法。分析：该句主语thetendencytosimplify，谓语blinds;them是宾语。tosimplify是定语，修饰thetendency；tootheralternatives是宾补。其中短语：blindsbtosth:使看不见；weshouldntletourprejudicesblindustothefacts.7.Becauseindividuals(andorganizations)frequentlyhavedifferentideasabouthowtoattainthegoals,thebestchoicemaydependonwhomake

13、sthedecision.(p6line4-6)译：由于个人和组织关于怎样到达目的常有不同的观点，哪种是最优的选择可能要看是谁做出决策。分析：这是一个由because引导的原因状语从句。其中howtoattainthegoals做介词about的宾语，whomakesthedecision做介词on的宾语。8.Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryfrompersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.(p7line

14、2-4)译：其中有一些目的比其它的更重要，但其顺序和重要程度因人和不同的部门而异。自考英语二重点讲解温习资料自考英语二重点讲解温习资料分析：请注意比拟级moreimportantthan，词组：varyfrompersontoperson译成中文：因人而异，能够推出：因季节而异varyfromseasontoseason.9.Whenpresentedwithacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblems,productionmanagersseeproductionproblems,andsoon.(p7line5-7)译：当面对同一件日常事情

15、时，销售经理倾向于看销售问题，而生产经理则会看生产相关的问题，等等。分析：前半部分为常考内容，它是when+过去分词短语，构成时间状语部分。其中词组：bepresentedwith=befacedwith当面对Whenfacedwithdifficulties,weshouldbebrave.10.Peopleoftenassumethatadecisionisanisolatedphenomenon.(p9)译：人们经常假设一项决策是孤立的现象。分析：句子构造简单：主谓宾从句。其中assume:=imagine;isolated:adj孤立的。phenomenon:n现象；复数变化较特殊：p

16、henomena6.Butthetendencytosimplifyblindsthemtootheralternatives.(p4)译：但是这种简化的倾向使得他们看不到其他可供选择的方法。分析：该句主语thetendencytosimplify，谓语blinds;them是宾语。tosimplify是定语，修饰thetendency；tootheralternatives是宾补。其中短语：blindsbtosth:使看不见；weshouldntletourprejudicesblindustothefacts.7.Becauseindividuals(andorganizations)fr

17、equentlyhavedifferentideasabouthowtoattainthegoals,thebestchoicemaydependonwhomakesthedecision.(p6line4-6)译：由于个人和组织关于怎样到达目的常有不同的观点，哪种是最优的选择可能要看是谁做出决策。分析：这是一个由because引导的原因状语从句。其中howtoattainthegoals做介词about的宾语，whomakesthedecision做介词on的宾语。8.Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderand

18、degreeofimportanceoftenvaryfrompersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.(p7line2-4)译：其中有一些目的比其它的更重要，但其顺序和重要程度因人和不同的部门而异。分析：请注意比拟级moreimportantthan，词组：varyfrompersontoperson译成中文：因人而异，能够推出：因季节而异varyfromseasontoseason.9.Whenpresentedwithacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblems,productionmanag

19、ersseeproductionproblems,andsoon.(p7line5-7)自考英语二重点讲解温习资料自考英语二重点讲解温习资料译：当面对同一件日常事情时，销售经理倾向于看销售问题，而生产经理则会看生产相关的问题，等等。分析：前半部分为常考内容，它是when+过去分词短语，构成时间状语部分。其中词组：bepresentedwith=befacedwith当面对Whenfacedwithdifficulties,weshouldbebrave.10.Peopleoftenassumethatadecisionisanisolatedphenomenon.(p9)译：人们经常假设一项决

20、策是孤立的现象。分析：句子构造简单：主谓宾从句。其中assume:=imagine;isolated:adj孤立的。phenomenon:n现象；复数变化较特殊：phenomena自考英语二温习资料第二章重点单词、词组详讲1.interview:n/v采访、面试；interviewer:n采访者；interviewee:n被采访者e.g.1.WhosthemostfamouspersonyouveeverinterviewedonTV?2.InaTVinterviewlastnight,shedeniedshehadanyintentionofresigning.2.criticism:n批评

21、，评论；criticize:v批评；critical:a批评的、挑剔的、关键的；critic:n评论家,请填填看。1Heisaliterary_.2Weareata_timeinourhistory.3Hecanttake_.4Theboywas_byhisfatherforbeinglateforschool.Answers:critic,critical,criticism,criticized3.indifference:n冷漠、漠不关心；indifferent:a冷漠的，反义词：enthusiastic:热情的cf:different:a不同的，名词：difference;反义词：sa

22、me.4.inefficiency:n无效，由此联想得到：efficient:a高效率的；efficiency:ninefficient:a低效率的5.conservative:a保守的、保存的；conserve:v保存；conservation:n6.applytosbforsth:向某人申请某物e.g.Thestudentappliedtotheembassyforavisa.7.takethetroubletodosth:不辞劳苦、费力地做某事自考英语二重点讲解温习资料自考英语二重点讲解温习资料e.g.IfyoutookthetroubletolistentowhatIwassaying

23、,youdknowwhatIwastalkingabout.8.putoneselfinsomebodysplace:设身处地Ifyouputyourselfinyourmothersplace,youwillunderstandwhysheissoworriedaboutyou.9.inhand:手头上有，进行中Ivegotenoughmoneyinhandtobuyanewcar.10.turndown:调小，降低，拒绝TurndowntheTV,forthebabyissleeping.Heturneddownthejobbecausethepayisntgoodenough.课文难句分

24、析1.Thekeywordsherearepreparationandconfidence,whichwillcarryyoufar.p2译：这里的关键词是准备和自信，它们将使你前程远大。分析：whichwillcarryyoufar非限定性定语从句，修饰preparationandconfidence。另外请注意：key关键的；preparation是prepare的名词；confidence:n自信心。Confident:a有自信心的；self-confidence:自自信心。2.Findoutallyoucanaboutthejobyouareapplyingforandtheorigi

25、nationyouhopetoworkfor.(p4)译：了解你所申请的工作和你希望为之工作的组织。分析：youareapplyingfor定语，修饰thejob;youhopetoworkfor定语修饰theorigination。词组：applytosbforsth向某人申请什么。3.Itshowsanunattractiveindifferencetoyouremployerandtoyourjob.(p6)译：它表明你对雇主和你的工作的态度冷漠，不感兴趣。分析：it主语；shows谓语；anunattractiveindifference宾语；toyouremployerandtoyo

26、urjob间接宾语。Showsthtosb=showsbsth.另外，请注意：indifference:冷漠，漠视。4.Hewantssomebodywhoishard-workingwithapleasantpersonalityandarealinterestinthejob.(p7)分析：whoishard-workingwithapleasantpersonalityandarealinterestinthejob全部都是定语，修饰somebody。注意介词with表示带有。；haveinterestinsth对有兴趣。5.Anythingthatyoufindoutaboutthep

27、rospectiveemployercanbeusedtoy自考英语二重点讲解温习资料自考英语二重点讲解温习资料ouradvantageduringtheinterviewtoshowthatyouhavebotheredtomastersomefactsaboutthepeoplewhoyouhopetoworkfor.(p8)译：你找到的任何有关将来雇主的信息在面试中都能为你所用，以表示你费了心思去把握一些关于你希望为其工作的人的事实。分析：从这个句子的长度大家也能看出这是一个复杂句。主体构造为：anythingcanbeusedtoyouradvantage.thatyoufindout

28、abouttheprospectiveemployer是定语从句；duringtheinterview状语；toshowthatyouhavebotheredtomastersomefactsaboutthepeoplewhoyouhopetoworkfor是目的状语；whoyouhopetoworkfor是另外一个定语从句修饰thepeople.词组：toyouradvantage:对你有利；workforsb为某人工作。6.Donotbeafraidtoaskforclarificationofsomethingthathasbeensaidduringtheinterviewifyouw

29、anttobesurewhatwasimplied,butdobepolite.(p10)译：面试中假如你想确切地知道某些话的含义，不要害怕请对方解释清楚，但一定要有礼貌。分析：基本句型：notbeafraidtodosth;不要害怕去做某事；askforclarification要求澄清；thathasbeensaidduringtheinterview定语，修饰something;whatwasimplied宾语；dobepolite:其中do为了强调，如：dobecareful!Idoloveyou!Hedoeslietous!7.Havetheletterinvitingyoufora

30、ninterviewreadytoshowincasethereisanydifficultyincommunication.(p16)译：拿着邀请你面试的通知书，以防万一交谈出现困难时显示。分析：这是一个祈使句。Have动词，拿着；theletter宾语；invitingyouforaninterview如今分词做定语；readytoshow状语；incasethereisanydifficultyincommunication条件状语从句；词组：thereissomedifficultyinsth/doingsth在方面有困难。如：WehavesomedifficultyspeakingE

31、nglishfluently.8.Thereislittlelikelihoodthatapaneloffivewantstogothroughtheprocessofallshakinghandswithyouinturn.(p20)译：由五个人构成的专门小组几乎不可能轮流与你握手。分析：这句话的重点在于thatapaneloffiveantstogothroughtheprocessofallshakinghandswithyouinturn是一个同位语从句，是对littlelikelihood的解释。其中：likelihood:n可能性，相当于possibility;gothrough经

32、历；inturn:轮流。9.Wouldyoumindrephrasingthequestion,please?(p23)译：您介意换个讲法来问这个问题吗？自考英语二重点讲解温习资料自考英语二重点讲解温习资料分析：考点minddoingsth.如：WouldyoumindturningdowntheTV?语法：介绍as的相关用法as是一个乍一看简单，但实际在英语中用法很复杂的小词。从词类上讲，能够用作介词、副词、连词以及关系代词；从语法功能角度来看，能够构成介词宾语，引导原因状语从句，时间状语从句，方式状语从句，让步状语从句，比拟状语从句和定语从句。此外as还出如今很多固定搭配中，如：asif,

33、asthough,aslongas,asto,asfor,soasto,etc.请看下列例句,并请分析出as的详细用法。1.IworkasanEnglishteacherinamiddleschool.2.Runasfastasyoucan.3.Youngasheis,heknowsmorethanI.4.JustasIwasleaving,thetelephonerang.5.PleasedoasIhavetoldyou.6.AsIamtheoldestchildinmyfamily,Imusttakecareoftheotherchildren.7.Suchpeopleasyouhaved

34、escribedarerarenow|自考英语二温习资料第三章1.astronomer:n天文学家；astronomy:n天文学2.explode:v爆炸,由此联想：explosive:a爆炸性的/n炸药；explosion:n爆炸1).Whenthebomb_,manypeoplewereseriouslywounded.2).Theunexpected_frightenedthelittlegirl.3).Itmightbepossibletoconvert_energyintoheat.Answers:exploded,explosion,explosive3.density:n密度；联

35、想产生：dense:a密度大的，反义词：sparse;densely:ad高密度地；densely-populated人口稠密的；sparsely-populated人口稀疏的1).The_fogkeptthetravelersfromfindingthecorrectdirection.2).Thebusinessareaofthecityis_populated.3).Thisliquidhasamuchgreater_thanwater.Answers:dense,densely,density4.shrink:v收缩、退缩、缩水1).Asaresultofcarelesswashing

36、,thejackethasshrunktoachildssize.2).Thegirlshrinksatthesightofblood.5.measurement:n衡量、测量；由此联想：measure:n措施/v衡量、测量；measurable:a可衡量的，可测量的1).Wemusttake_toprotectourenvironment.2).Wehavecomewithin_distanceofsuccess.3).Clocksgiveusa_oftime.自考英语二重点讲解温习资料自考英语二重点讲解温习资料4).Theretherainfallis_notininchesbutinfe

37、et.Answers:measures,measurable,measurement,measured6.implication:n含义、暗示；imply:v暗示7.basis:n基础、根据，由此能够联想得到：base:n底部；v以为底，为根据；basic:a基础的，根本的；basically:ad根本上来讲,1).IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youmusthaveasolid_.2).Thefurnitureofoutdormisreally_:twobeds,twochairsandtables.3).Thechargesarefalsefortheyare

38、not_onprovenfacts.4).Sincenobetterplancanbeworkedout,wehavetoadoptthe_workableone.Answers:basis,basic,based,basically8.observatory:n天文台；由此能够联想得到：observe:v观察；observation:n观察；observer:n观察家9.convincing:a有讲服力的，使人信服的；convince:v使人信服；convinced:a感到有讲服力的，常见搭配：convincesbofsth;convincesbthat1).Hegaveusaconvinc

39、ingspeech.2).Heconvincedmefhissincerity.10.operate:v运转、操作、动手术；operation:n手术，操作；operator:操作者11.researchinto对进行研究SheisresearchingintopossiblecuresforAIDS.12.swallowup:吞没、耗尽Manysmallbusinesseshavebeenswallowedupbylargecompanies.13.applytosb/sth：适用于某人/某事，请比照：applytosbforsth向某人申请某事；applyAtoB将A应用于B1).Yous

40、houldapplywhatyouhavelearnedtoyourwork.2).Iappliedtohimforanewjob.3).ThestudymethoddoesntapplytoeveryoneAnalyzetheimportantsentencesamongthetext1.Well,itsdifficulttoanswerthisquestion,sincethetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonareinadequatehere.(p1)译：哦，这个问题很难回答，由于我们通常用来描绘一种科学现象的现有

41、术语在这里不够用。句子分析：it是形式主语，toanswerthisquestion是句子主语；since引导原因状语从句，wewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenon是定语从句，修饰terms;inadequate:不充分的，不合格的。自考英语二重点讲解温习资料自考英语二重点讲解温习资料2.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspacenotathingintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape-notev

42、enlight.(p1)译：天文学家和科学家以为黑洞是一个空间区域，而不是一个物体，物质会掉进黑洞而没有物体能够从中逃脱出来，即便是光也不行。句子分析：intowhich和fromwhich引导两个定语从句，介词：into和fall搭配；from和escape搭配。这种介词+which的定语从句的形式请多注意。3.Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoaparticularpoint.(p2)译：关于黑洞构成的理论就是一些星球的密度增长到某个特定的点就会爆炸。句子分析：这是一个主系表构造句。that用来引导表语从句，

43、不可省略。其中又包含一个when引导的时间状语从句。toaparticularpoint是到达某一个特定的点的含义。4.Butifthestarisverylarge(muchbiggerthanoursun)thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesointensethatablackholeresults.(p2)译：但假如星球很大比我们的太阳还要大得多，其收缩经过可能很剧烈，以致于产生了黑洞。句子分析：这是一个if引导的条件状语从句，sothat表示如此以致，是结果状语从句。如：ImsotiredthatIcanevensleeponmywayhome.5.Imaginet

44、heearthreducedtothesizeofamarble,butstillhavingthesamemassandastrongergravitationalpull,andyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.(p2)译：假想一下地球收缩到弹球儿那么大，但仍具有同样的质量和更强的吸引力，你就会对黑洞的气力又某种概念。句子分析：该句的主要构造为imagine.andyou事实上相当于ifyouimagine,youwillhavesomeidea.这种句子构造在历年的考试中曾出现过。请记住：祈使句+and+陈述句=if引导的条件状语从句。如：Hur

45、ryupandyoucancatchthelasttrain!另外，该句还有两个定语成分reducedtothesizeofamarble和havingthesamemassandastrongergravitationalpull用来修饰theearth.前者为过去分词，而后者为如今分词。词组：havesomeideaofsth对有所了解6.Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.(p3line13-14)译：只是近来科学家才开场对黑洞进行详细的研究。自考英语二重点讲解温习资料自考英语二重点

46、讲解温习资料句子分析：本句的核心构造为itisthat的强调句型，强调时间状语onlyrecently。词组：researchintosth对进行研究。7.Themostconvincingevidenceofblackholescomesfromresearchintobinarystarsystems.(p4)译：有关黑洞最有讲服力的证据来自对双星体系的研究。句子分析：该句主语evidence，谓语comesfrom；宾语researchintobinarystarsystems。Themostconvincing是定语，修饰evidence.其中请注意convincing:令人信服的，通

47、常修饰物的形容词多以-ing结尾；而修饰人的多以-ed结尾。如：Ifeelexcitedafterhearingthesurprisingnews.8.Matterfromtheonewhichwecanseeisbeingpulledtowardsthecompanionstar.(p4)译：我们所看到的星球的物质正在被吸引到伴星去。句子分析：主语matter;谓语isbeingpulled，这是一个进行被动语态；towardsthecompanionstar介词宾语；fromtheonewhichwecansee定语。9.Ontheotherhand,scientistshavesuggestedthatveryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.(p5line4-6)译：另一方面，科学家也提出有一天高科技会利用黑洞的气力为人类服务。句子分析：请注意在本句中suggest不是建议的含义，是指出、指明的意思。advanced高级的、先进的；makeuseofs