主题句展开的模式.ppt

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1、主题句展开的模式三水中学 郭春霞 Teaching aims(教学目标教学目标): 掌握根据不同的写作要点，选择不同的模掌握根据不同的写作要点，选择不同的模式围绕段落主题句展开论述的技巧。式围绕段落主题句展开论述的技巧。拓展主题句主要有以下几种模式：拓展主题句主要有以下几种模式：1、_。（适用于写适用于写_） 你读后的感受（诚信的重要性）你读后的感受（诚信的重要性） There is no doubt that it is important to be honest. Its obvious that an honest person will definitely win respect

2、from others respect, which is of great importance in our study and daily life, let alone in the business world. However, a dishonest person will lose his fame and trust from others sooner or later. No matter how intelligent he is, dishonesty will ruin his future.正反式正反式.的重要性的重要性2、_。(适用于写适用于写_ )如谈论如谈论

3、“儿童肥胖的不良影响儿童肥胖的不良影响”，可以从，可以从_进而从进而从_谈论肥胖对儿童造成的不良影响。谈论肥胖对儿童造成的不良影响。As far as we know, obese children tend to eat a lot but they take little exercise; as a result, they often fall ill easily. Besides, because of their appearance, they have less confidence in themselves, which leads to isolation and de

4、pression.身体上身体上精神上精神上递进式递进式.的影响的影响3、_。（。（适用于写适用于写_ ）如谈论个人对网上购物的看法。一方面利用正反式如谈论个人对网上购物的看法。一方面利用正反式谈论其谈论其_和和_，另一方面利用，另一方面利用_式分式分别谈论其优点和缺点。别谈论其优点和缺点。On one hand, online shopping has its advantages. Firstly, it is much cheaper. As far as Im concerned, online stores offer lover prices to the customers and

5、 some dont charge delivery fee if we buy more than one. Secondly, it is more convenient as customers neednt walk to store after store for what they like. And it is easier for them to compare products online.缺点缺点优点优点列举式列举式列举列举.的利和弊的利和弊4、_。（。（适用于写适用于写_ ） 指围绕对事物起决定作用的相关指围绕对事物起决定作用的相关_来谈论问题。来谈论问题。如就如就“如

6、何减少交通事故如何减少交通事故”的主题谈论人们应该的主题谈论人们应该如何避免交通事故，我们就可以围绕造成交通事如何避免交通事故，我们就可以围绕造成交通事故的相关因素如故的相关因素如_和和_来谈论如何避免。来谈论如何避免。What can we do to avoid traffic accidents?(1)As to drivers: keep their emotions under control; respect others(2)As to walkers / pedestrians and cyclists: strictly obey the traffic rules; val

7、ue their own lives司机司机因素因素相关式相关式行人行人 What can we do to avoid traffic accidents? As to drivers, they should keep their emotions under control and respect others. As to pedestrians and cyclists, they should strictly obey the traffic rules and value their own lives.的措施的措施/如何如何5、_。（。（适用于写适用于写_ ）你对考试作弊的看

8、法。（你对考试作弊的看法。（2011揭阳二模）揭阳二模） (主题主题) In my opinion, this phenomenon will have a very bad effect on middle school students study habit. ( )Those who usually cheat in exams will never treat study seriously again because they believe they will always get good marks without working hard. Those who never

9、cheat in exams will consider its unfair for them, thinking studying hard is not necessary.细化主题句细化主题句细化细化.的影响的影响6、_。你对国家你对国家“禁止商场免费提供塑料袋禁止商场免费提供塑料袋”的看法的看法（2008深圳一模）。深圳一模）。(主题主题) It is necessary for the government to forbid shops from offering free plastic bags. ( ) With this ban, shopping customers w

10、ould gradually form a habit of bringing environmentally-friendly bags with them so that the consumption of plastic bags would be greatly reduced.说明结果或后果说明结果或后果结果结果(适用于适用于_ ) 为什么赞同为什么赞同/反对某做法或持某一看法反对某做法或持某一看法7、_。你是否赞同你是否赞同Dr. Gibbs的做法的做法(不给树木浇水，让不给树木浇水，让树木自然成长树木自然成长)。（。（2011六校联考）六校联考）(主题主题) I cant ag

11、ree more with Dr. Gibbs way of planting trees ( ) for the reason that too much care would spoil the tree since they would depend on Dr. Gibbs care. Once they had lost the care, their survival ability was lost, too.阐明理由阐明理由理由理由(适用于写适用于写_ ) 为什么赞同为什么赞同/反对某做反对某做法或持某一看法又或有某一感受法或持某一看法又或有某一感受8、_。以你自己或他人成长的

12、某次经历，说明父母过度照顾对子以你自己或他人成长的某次经历，说明父母过度照顾对子女的影响。（女的影响。（2010广州一模）广州一模）(引出经历引出经历) It reminds me of an experience in my growth. (叙述经历叙述经历) When I graduated from middle school, I participate in a summer camp, which required me to go to a mountain far away from my home for a few days. During the camp, I fou

13、nd myself a failure in dealing with the ordinary things such as putting up my camp and lighting the fire. This is because my parents always did everything for me in the past. (结论结论) It made me aware that my parents overprotection had weakened my ability to cope with some incidents.叙述经历叙述经历经历必须紧扣主题经历

14、必须紧扣主题, 最后用一句话重申主题。最后用一句话重申主题。 (适用于适用于_ )要求写经历来说明要求写经历来说明9、_。 (主题主题) Every coin has two sides and entertain- ment media is no exception. Nobody can deny that entertainment media is a great source of learning material. (例子例子) Our English teachers often use English TV shows or English songs as teachin

15、g materials. Moreover, entertainment media provides us with convenient way for communication. (例子例子) For example, most of my classmates keep in touch through QQ or Wechat during holidays. However, it may do harm to us if we dont use it properly. (例子例子) A student in Fudan Univeristy was reported to g

16、ive up his study because of playing too many video games.(适用于适用于_ )要求列举例子来说明要求列举例子来说明举例证明举例证明举例说明举例说明娱乐媒体的利与弊。娱乐媒体的利与弊。正反式正反式递进式递进式列举式列举式相关式相关式细化主题句细化主题句说明结果或后果说明结果或后果1) 你认为建设绿色校园你认为建设绿色校园应该采取哪些措施应该采取哪些措施2) 自信的重要性自信的重要性3) 就就“压力对学生的影压力对学生的影响响”发表自己的看法。发表自己的看法。4)你认为父母是否该对孩你认为父母是否该对孩子养成良好习惯负责。子养成良好习惯负责。

17、阐明理由阐明理由举例证明举例证明 活学活用活学活用1)你认为建设绿色校园应该采取哪些措施你认为建设绿色校园应该采取哪些措施. (_) As for the school, it should plant more trees and flowers as well as make rules and regulations to prevent students doing something harm to our green campus. As for students, they should take some classes to raise their awareness. I

18、dont doubt that our campus will be more beautiful if we work together.相关式相关式In order to build a green campus, we need to take the following steps. 2) 自信的重要性自信的重要性Self-confidence plays an important role in everything we do. (正反式正反式) If you are full of self-confidence, it will bring you creative power

19、 to think, arouse your enthusiasm for work and help you overcome difficulties. As a result, your dreams will come true. On the contrary, if you have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you will ever achieve anything. Failure will be following you. 3) 就就“压力对学生的影响压力对学生的影响”发表自己的

20、看法。发表自己的看法。（2007珠海调研）珠海调研）(_) It is obvious that too much pressure is harmful to us students. In addition, under great pressure, most of us have difficulty in concentrating on our study, feeling exhausted. First of all, we always feel so worried that we cant sleep well and have no appetite, causing

21、us to fall ill easily.递进式递进式 As we know, pressure not only ruins our health but also destroys our motivation for 4)你认为父母是否该对孩子养成良好习惯负责。你认为父母是否该对孩子养成良好习惯负责。（2007潮州二模）潮州二模）(_) As far as I am concerned, parents should be responsible for helping children develop good habits. 阐明理由阐明理由 The reasons are as

22、follows: first, it is commonly held that parents are the first teachers of their children. Second, parents duties include not only providing food and clothing, but also knowledge and common sense required to go on well in (5) 谈谈学校里的浪费现象。谈谈学校里的浪费现象。(_)列举式列举式 (主题主题) We can see such kind of behavior ar

23、ound us every day. Very often we come across an empty classroom with lights still on. Besides, its not difficult to find evidence of wasting water. In addition，some throw away the soft drink bottles, used exercise papers and books, which should be recycled. Worse still, others use non-environmental

24、lunch boxes, causing “White Pollution”(6)互联网给人们生活带来的影响；互联网给人们生活带来的影响；(_)细化主题细化主题可将影响细化为：可将影响细化为：1)提供最新信息提供最新信息 2)改变交改变交流方式流方式 3)网上购物，方便快捷。网上购物，方便快捷。 (主题主题) There is no doubt that surfing the Internet does affect peoples life. The Internet not only provides people with amounts of latest information,

25、but also changes the way people communicate with each other. Besides, the Internet enables people to go shopping at home easily and (7) 举例说明坚持目标的重要性；举例说明坚持目标的重要性； (_)举例证明举例证明 (主题主题) There are countless celebrities who stick to their goals when facing difficulties.(举例举例) Take Shi Tiesheng, a famous C

26、hinese writer, for example. With strong will power, he never gave in to disability and finally created lots of marvelous works, which earned him a great success. Another convincing example is Liu Wei, an armless pianist. If he had given up trying, never would he have overcome his disability and won

27、the Chinas Talent Show. (结结论论) From these examples, we can draw a conclusion that it is sticking to goals that plays an important role on the road to (1)你或你同学的留堂经历；你或你同学的留堂经历；(_)This reminds me of my friend Li Huas experience in primary school. One day, he talked with another classmate in class when

28、 the teacher was giving a lesson. Although the teacher had warned him several times, he did not pay any attention but continued his conversation. As a result, he had to stay for an extra hour after school, reflecting on what he had done in class.超级仿写：超级仿写： （2011佛山一模）佛山一模）以约以约120词就对留堂这一做法进行议论，内容包括词就对

29、留堂这一做法进行议论，内容包括:叙述经历叙述经历(2) 你对留堂制度的看法；你对留堂制度的看法；(_)In my opinion, detention has its advantages in educating misbehaved students. For one thing, with the detention policy, we students will learn that we should be responsible for our behavior. For another, the policy can make us finish our homework on

30、 time, which is good for our academic development.列举式列举式(3)其它督促学生认真学习的办法。其它督促学生认真学习的办法。(_)However, there are other ways to make students work hard. For example, teachers can reward us with small gifts if we do a good job. Besides, students can be divided into group to compare with each other so that

31、 we will work harder.列举式列举式超级仿写：超级仿写：以约以约120词就词就“朋友和家人朋友和家人”进行议论，内容包括进行议论，内容包括:(1)朋友、家人在人们生活中的重要性朋友、家人在人们生活中的重要性;(_) There is no doubt that family and friends play an important role in our life. 正反式正反式 When we get sick, they will take good care of us. Whats more, if faced with any difficulty that we

32、 cant deal with, we can talk to them, asking them for advice, which may help us out. Without family or friends, we would feel lonely and helpless when meeting with (2)朋友、家人能给你带来什么；朋友、家人能给你带来什么；(_) Family and friends can not only bring us happiness and joy but also give us support and encouragement.

33、When free, we can gather to enjoy the spare time and amuse each other. When we feel depressed, it is their company and comfort that gives us warmth and cheers us up. When we are in trouble, they offer us advice to help us go through the difficult time in our life. 细化主题细化主题(3)应该如何与朋友、家人保持良好的关系应该如何与朋友

34、、家人保持良好的关系.In order to keep a good relationship with our family and friends, we are supposed to keep in touch with them frequently. For example, we should be concerned about them by visiting or calling them up if we have time. Sometimes, writing an email or sending text messages are good choices. On

35、ly when we live in harmony with our family and friends can we stay healthy and enjoy a longer 读写任务专题（一）读写任务专题（一）-说明重要性说明重要性 典例：责任心的重要性典例：责任心的重要性 模板：模板：提出观点提出观点 Responsibility is essential to us. 论证论证 (正面正面) It not only represents ones noble quality, but also enables one to be steady-going. Being res

36、ponsible, you will gain many precious things, such as true love. (反面反面) Without responsibility, however, you will be an annoyance and cant do anything successfully. Whats worse, people will lose belief in you if you are irresponsible. 总结总结 In short, only when we are responsible will we be respected

37、and loved by others. 特点：提出观点特点：提出观点-论证（正面论证（正面/反面）反面）-总结总结 说明某事说明某事物的重要性是读写任务常考的写作要点物的重要性是读写任务常考的写作要点, 写作时写作时, 首先指首先指出该事物非常重要出该事物非常重要, 然后紧接着说明其之所以重要的理由然后紧接着说明其之所以重要的理由, 也可通过举实例来说明其重要性。可以只从正面进行论证也可通过举实例来说明其重要性。可以只从正面进行论证, 也可正反两方面来论证也可正反两方面来论证; 最后最后, 还可以用一两句话作总结。还可以用一两句话作总结。 一、句式模板一、句式模板 (1)I do think

38、 handwriting is still important today. 我的确认为书法在今天依然是重要的。我的确认为书法在今天依然是重要的。 (2) Hobbies and interests play an important role in ones growing.兴趣和爱好在人们的成长过程中起着重要兴趣和爱好在人们的成长过程中起着重要作用。作用。 (3) I think it is very important for parents to cultivate their childrens independence. Firstly,. Secondly,. Finally,.

39、 对家长来说，培养孩子的独立性对家长来说，培养孩子的独立性非常重要。首先非常重要。首先其次其次最后最后 (4) Protecting water is of great importance to the life in the future. First and foremost,. Secondly,. Only by protecting our valuable water resource, can we. 保护水对未来保护水对未来生活非常重要。首先生活非常重要。首先其次其次只有保护珍贵的水资源只有保护珍贵的水资源, 我们才能我们才能 (5) Modesty is of great

40、significance in our life. 谦逊在我们生活中有着重要的意义。谦逊在我们生活中有着重要的意义。 (6) It is of great importance to do. .做做.非常重要。非常重要。 二、超级二、超级仿写仿写 1.说明目标的重要性。说明目标的重要性。 提出观点提出观点 In my view, goals are crucial in guiding our lives. 论证论证 To begin with, as goals often go with hopes, they have the magic to enable us to be posit

41、ive towards ups and downs. Moreover, bearing goals in mind, we are less likely to be blind to the ideals of our life and wont deviate from normal track. Finally, as goals are what we are longing for, they thus can motivate us to strive for greater achievement.总结总结 Since goals are so significant to o

42、ur lives, it is worthwhile for us students to set up goals and accomplish them with every effort. 2.说明书法的重要性。说明书法的重要性。 Despite the fact that computer is very convenient to us, 提出观点提出观点I do think handwriting is still important today. 正面正面 Good handwriting will surely leave others a good impression; i

43、t also can represent your personality and attitude. 反面反面 People with terrible handwriting will be easily considered as careless and irresponsible guys. 3.读写任务读写任务 阅读下面短文阅读下面短文, 然后按照然后按照要求写一篇要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。词左右的英语短文。 As we all know, a better result of study can be brought by a better study environme

44、nt. As a result, it is necessary for us to build the green campus. The green campus can not only provide a good environment for our study, but also be a part in building harmonious society The green campus is not only environmental green, but also spiritual green, which means we should help each oth

45、er or care for each other. Therefore, we should beautify the campus. As students, we enjoy the campus time while we have responsibility to build our green campus. In spiritual term, we should respect teachers, classmates and other people who work for the school. In environmental term, we should have

46、 good habits to keep campus in a clean surrounding. 写作内容写作内容 1.以约以约30个词概括上个词概括上文中的主要内容；文中的主要内容； 2.然后以约然后以约120个词就学生会举办个词就学生会举办“建建设绿色校园征文活动设绿色校园征文活动”的主题谈谈你的理解的主题谈谈你的理解, 要点包括：要点包括： (1)建设绿色校园的重要性；建设绿色校园的重要性； (2)你认为建设绿色校园应该你认为建设绿色校园应该采取哪些措施？采取哪些措施？ 写作要求写作要求 1. 在作文中可使用自己的亲在作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事身经历或虚构的故事, 也可

47、以参照阅读材料的内容，但不也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子得直接引用原文中的句子; 2. 标题自定。标题自定。 评分标准评分标准 概概括准确括准确, 语言规范语言规范, 内容合适内容合适, 篇章连贯篇章连贯 提出观点提出观点 There is no doubt that responsibility is essential to us. 论证论证 (正面正面) It not only represents ones noble quality, but also enables one to be steady-going. Being responsible, you

48、will gain many precious things, such as trust and true love. (反面反面) Without responsibility, however, you will be an annoyance and cant do anything successfully. Whats worse, people will lose belief in you if you are irresponsible. 总结总结 In short, only when we are responsible will we be respected and

49、loved by others. 5) 责任心的重要性责任心的重要性（正反式）（正反式）（阐明理由）（阐明理由）6) 你读完这个故事你读完这个故事(目标的重要性目标的重要性)的感受。的感受。 After reading the article, I was deeply inspired by such a story as it makes me realize the power of a goal in achieving ones success and gives me strength to pursue my goal, despite the hardships I am to

50、 go （3）建设）建设“国际生态学校国际生态学校”，您该做点什么？，您该做点什么？ To build ours an Eco-school, first I must educate my schoolmates to be more environmentally friendly. Then we can start from doing some small things, such as collecting used items for recycling, turning off the lights, saving water. Always remember our resp