2022鄂尔多斯在职硕士备考-MBA英语第二套模拟题6_鄂尔多斯.docx

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1、2022鄂尔多斯在职硕士备考-MBA英语第二套模拟题6_鄂尔多斯Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEERT1.(10points)Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplis

2、hedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lesscon

3、cernedwithlearningfromforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribusOnFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(or

4、virtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,thechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.Overtime,theat

5、tributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartistspersonalexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplores.Thevaluableexam

6、pleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerofself-help,ifpatientpurpose,resoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,exhibit,wroteSmiles.whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimselfHisbiographiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidet

7、heworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.CommunistManifesto

8、.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmensewealthnorwagedbattles:Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat.Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsandpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:Menmaketheirownhistory,b

9、uttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease;theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Histo

10、ryfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wholenewrealmsofunderstandingfromgendertoracetoculturalstudieswereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittransformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.41.Petrarch42.NiccoloMachiavellli43.SamuelSmiles44.Th

11、omasCarlyle45.MarxandEngels Aemphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroes. Bhighlightedthepublicgloryoftheleadingartists. Cfocusedonepochalfigureswhoseliveswerehardtoimitate. Dopenedupnewrealmsofunderstandingthegreatmeninhistory. Eheldthathistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle. Fdismissedvirtueasunnecessaryforsuccessfulleaders. Gdepictedtheworthylivesofengineerindustrialistsandexplorers.参考答案：新题型：41-45：AFGCE