完型二解题策略指导.ppt

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1、完形填空第二节完形填空第二节命题特点命题特点完形填空第二节为语篇填空题，要求阅读一篇完形填空第二节为语篇填空题，要求阅读一篇150150240240词的小短文，根据上下文在不给出任何提示的前提词的小短文，根据上下文在不给出任何提示的前提下填入适当的单词。短文体裁灵活多样，有记叙文、议下填入适当的单词。短文体裁灵活多样，有记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文等。论文、说明文和应用文等。其考查内容非常广泛，主要其考查内容非常广泛，主要考查点考查点为：为：(1)(1)考查学生考查学生对语篇和逻辑关系对语篇和逻辑关系的把握情况，主要是形的把握情况，主要是形容词、副词、容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词连词、

2、冠词、代词、介词等功能词汇；等功能词汇；(2)(2)考查学生对考查学生对习语、短语词组或常见句式习语、短语词组或常见句式掌握的熟练掌握的熟练程度。原文通常只给出习语、句式或短语的一部分，检程度。原文通常只给出习语、句式或短语的一部分，检验学生在句子中能否识别出这个短语、句式或习语；验学生在句子中能否识别出这个短语、句式或习语；(3)(3)考查学生对考查学生对词义的推断能力和常识判断词义的推断能力和常识判断能力。这方能力。这方面主要涉及实词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词等。要面主要涉及实词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词等。要求通过分析上下文语境来判断语意和词汇形式。求通过分析上下文语境来判断语意和词

3、汇形式。考纲解读考纲解读 2 2从考查内容看：从考查内容看： 1 1）词汇词汇 2 2）功能语法功能语法，即词汇在篇章中的交际，即词汇在篇章中的交际功能功能1. 从考察题型来看从考察题型来看偏重偏重虚词虚词( (以介词、冠词、连词为主以介词、冠词、连词为主) )，而轻实，而轻实词，主要考查点为：词，主要考查点为：(1) (1) 形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词等等(2) (2) 习语、短语词组或常见句式习语、短语词组或常见句式 考查题型考查题型 探究点一实词型填空探究点一实词型填空 1. 判断词义判断词义 （1）定义法：通过定语从句、同位语从句或词组）定

4、义法：通过定语从句、同位语从句或词组来确定词义。这类词通常以名词居多。来确定词义。这类词通常以名词居多。Ex. _ is a way of traveling a long way on foot instead of by car, or train.2. 判断词性判断词性(1) He looked _(angry) at the children. (2) He looked _at the news on the radio.Ex. The little boy pulled _ right hand out of the pocketHikingangrilyangryhis 1如果该

5、空在句中并列连接两个成分或句子，如果该空在句中并列连接两个成分或句子，并列连接两个词或短语，则用并列并列连接两个词或短语，则用并列连词连词。 (1)表表转折、对比转折、对比关系：关系：but, while, whereas； 表表让步、转折让步、转折：nevertheless, however, though，anyway，anyhow，yet。 (2)表表因果关系因果关系：so, thus，for 表表因果因果意义：意义：therefore。 探究点二虚词型填空探究点二虚词型填空 (3)表表选择选择关系：关系：or(或者；否则或者；否则), eitheror； 表选择意义：表选择意义：oth

6、erwise。 (4)表表并列并列关系：关系：and, bothand, not onlybut also, as well as, neithernor。 (5)表表“就在这时就在这时”的并列连词：的并列连词：when。【1】 In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children. 【2】 He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail.【3】 You

7、 have failed two tests. Youd better start working harder，_you wont pass the course.【4】 Stand over there _ youll be able to see the oil painting better. whilefororand【5】 I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _I heard the steps. 【6】 There must be a better way

8、 to test a students true ability as_ as their knowledge.whenwell 2如果该空位于如果该空位于“形容词形容词 单数可数名词单数可数名词”之之前前，考虑用，考虑用冠词冠词(a/an/the)或或形容词性物主形容词性物主代词代词。此外，也要掌握一些有关冠词的固定搭。此外，也要掌握一些有关冠词的固定搭配。配。 【典例【典例1】 We must not only use our knowledge and abilities to manage the Earth, but to make the Earth_ safe and healt

9、hy place where all animals and plantsincluding humans ourselvescan live.【2】 The little girl pulled _ left hand out of the pocket and took out some money.aher 3如果该空位于如果该空位于“限定词限定词(冠词、物主代词、冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格、数词指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格、数词)形形容词容词 名词名词”之前，之前，或该空位于动词和名词或或该空位于动词和名词或代词之间，则可考虑用代词之间，则可考虑用介词介词。此外也

10、要注意。此外也要注意“系系动词形容词介词名词或代词动词形容词介词名词或代词”结构。结构。【1】 Another simple way to protect your heart at your age is to quit smoking and avoid breathing _ secondhand smoke. 【2】 She first painted only to please herself, and then began to sell her works _a little money.infor 4如果该空如果该空引导的从句置于句首引导的从句置于句首且整个从且整个从句在句中

11、句在句中作主语作主语，则考虑，则考虑用主语从句的引导词用主语从句的引导词；如果该空引导的从句如果该空引导的从句置于系动词之后置于系动词之后，则考虑，则考虑用表语从句的引导词用表语从句的引导词；如果该空；如果该空引导的从句置引导的从句置于动词或介词之后于动词或介词之后，则考虑，则考虑用宾语从句的引导用宾语从句的引导词词，其中，其中考考得较多的名词性从句的引导词是得较多的名词性从句的引导词是what, whatever, that, whether, where, why。 【典例【典例1】 _ that team and that school must do is to admit that

12、it lost.【2】 I dont quite understand _ they are so mad about the childish game. Maybe they are just not confident enough to face the real world.Whatwhy5如果该空如果该空引导的从句置于名词之后引导的从句置于名词之后，则可考，则可考虑两种情况，一是引导虑两种情况，一是引导同位语从句同位语从句，考查引导同考查引导同位语从句较多的引导词是位语从句较多的引导词是that, whether，这两，这两个引导词在从句中均不作成分。二是引导个引导词在从句中均不作

13、成分。二是引导定语从定语从句句，此时定语从句修饰或限制它前面的名词，常，此时定语从句修饰或限制它前面的名词，常考查的是关系代词考查的是关系代词that, which, who, whom, as和关系副词和关系副词when, where, why。【1】 The news _ we won the game is exciting. 【2】 As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination_ will decide his future of job. thatwhich/that 6如果该空如果该空引导的从句

14、引导的从句位于句首或位于句位于句首或位于句末，且前后句之间没有末，且前后句之间没有并列连词并列连词，此时可考虑，此时可考虑用引导状语从句的引导词，常考的引导词有：用引导状语从句的引导词，常考的引导词有：because, as, when, before, after, though, although, while, where, if, since, so/suchthat等。等。 【典例【典例1】 _ she had not lost her precious belongs, she could have lost something far more importanther life

15、! 【典例【典例2】 Anna Mary Robertson, better known as “Grandma Moses”， turned to painting _she was too old to work on her farm.Ifwhen 1根据语法知识进行填充根据语法知识进行填充1】 There once were a goat and a donkeySo the farmer killed _ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. 2】 But nothing changed until midter

16、m, _ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our class.3】 In short, I believe that it is _ great use to keep a diary in English4】 One of the _ gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, which made him very unhappy.5】 animals and plants are disappearing many times faster

17、_ they have in the past 65 million years. 考查内容考查内容thewhenofworstthan模块模块 3 3 应试点睛应试点睛 2根据前后逻辑关系进行填充根据前后逻辑关系进行填充 【典例【典例1】 _ there was no man to see any of the flights, we can be told by the animals footprints that fight did take place.【典例【典例2】 Were all born with exceptional qualities, _ only a few re

18、ally realize their true potentials and make efforts in life and the others just lead an average life.Althoughbut 3根据语篇标志进行填充根据语篇标志进行填充表示结构层次表示结构层次: first, second, third, finally；表示逻辑关系表示逻辑关系: thus，therefore，so；表示转折关系或变换话题表示转折关系或变换话题: however, but, by the way等。等。Success is nothing more than a few sim

19、ple disciplines practiced daily and _ is nothing more than a few small errors repeated daily.failure 4.根据上下文语境进行填充根据上下文语境进行填充 【典例【典例】 Later, I seemed to hear faraway voices saying that my right _ was broken. I almost burst into tears. How would I ever play the piano again? hand模块模块 3 3 应试点睛应试点睛 5根据生

20、活常识进行填充根据生活常识进行填充 【典例】【典例】 After some time, my mother arrived at the hospital, her face as _as a sheet, and gave me a hug. Only then did the doctor begin to stitch(缝合缝合) my head wound.white模块模块 3 3 应试点睛应试点睛 6根据文化背景进行填充根据文化背景进行填充 【典例【典例】 After the flood Mr. Deng was as poor as a church_.as poor as a

21、church mouse(一贫如洗一贫如洗)mouse 专题训练专题训练Lets practise.专题训练专题训练 完形填空第二节完形填空第二节Lets practise. New studies show how food and its production affect the globe and its climate. The process of making a hamburger, for example, requires loss of energy. A cow has to be fed and raised on farmland. And cow waste is

22、 a major source of methane（沼气）（沼气） 48 especially powerful greenhouse gas. The cow has to be killed. The meat has to be processed and shipped, 49 takes fuel. Most of the cow wont even be used for meat people eat. By the time a hamburger finally lands o a dinner plate, 50 has made bad effect on the en

23、vironment.We can reduce the production of global warming gases by eating less beef. Other kinds of meat like pork and chicken do 51 harm to the environment -at least 52 terms of the amount of greenhouse gases released. 53 , all kinds of meat are harder on the planet that vegetables. 54 changing our

24、diet to less meat and more vegetables, as it turns 55 , may do the world some good.Lets practise.B The giving of gifts has been practised in every civilization ever studied. It is 48 basic human phenomenon that has a place in every culture and religion. Gifts are given to mark occasions throughout 4

25、9 , such as birth, marriage and retirement. Sociologists view gifts as a marker of the social relationship 50 givers and recipients. When friends exchange gifts, for example, there is an unwritten expectation 51 the gifts will be of roughly the 52 value, showing that the friends have equality of sta

26、tus. However, in hierarchical （等级的）（等级的） relationships it is a 53 story. If a（n） 54 and a boss were exchanging presents, the boss would be expected to give a larger present. In 55 for this generosity, the employee would be expected to both work hard and be respectful.Lets practise. Dose going to col

27、lege really pay off? Certainly! I remember taking 48 English class in college on the short story. Our first assignment was to read 49 short stories and then discuss which one was better. After reading both, I wasnt sure. Over the 50 several months, my professor taught me 51 one story was so much bet

28、ter than the other. 52 was rich in metaphor（隐喻）（隐喻）and character development, while the other was humorous 53 too shallow. I couldnt see this at first. Yet, in a few months, my brain got reeducated and 54 could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level. Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads 55 greater success in ones life.A篇篇48an49which50it51less 52in53However 54So 55OutB篇篇48a 49life 50between 51that 52same53different 54employee / worker 55return