高中英语定语从句.ppt

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1、学习方法指导学习方法指导 概念概念 定义定义 先行词先行词 关系词关系词 （关系代词和（关系代词和关系副词）关系副词） 限制性定语从句和非限制性定限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句语从句 引导词：关系代词和关系副词的区别引导词：关系代词和关系副词的区别 关系代词的用法：关系代词的用法： whose 的用法的用法 that，which的用法的用法 关系副词的用法关系副词的用法 介词介词+关系词引导的定语从句关系词引导的定语从句 定语从句的主谓一致定语从句的主谓一致关于关于定语从句，定语从句，学生需要掌握的内容：学生需要掌握的内容：导入Tom likes apples. 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语

2、little Tom likes red apples. 定语定语 定语定语Tom who is my brother likes apples which are red. 定语从句定语从句 定语从句定语从句一、概念一、概念、概念：概念： 用来修饰名词或者代词用来修饰名词或者代词起定语作用起定语作用的句子叫做的句子叫做定语从句定语从句。引导定语从。引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词叫做句的关系代词和关系副词叫做关系关系词词，被修饰的词叫做，被修饰的词叫做先行词先行词。例如：例如：She is the girl whom I am looking for. 先行词先行词关系代词关系代词This

3、is the village where she grew up.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词.选用关系词应注意什么？选用关系词应注意什么？1)一般定语从句的结构是一般定语从句的结构是“先行词先行词+关系代关系代/副词副词+从句从句”。(牢固树立这一概念后，可减少很多牢固树立这一概念后，可减少很多不该出现的错误。不该出现的错误。)二二 关系词关系词引导定语从句的关联词有：引导定语从句的关联词有：关系词关系词关系代词关系代词：who, whom whose, which, that 关系副词关系副词：when, where, why、引导定语从句的关系词、引导定语从句的关系词:指代人指代人 wh

4、owho，whomwhom，thatthat指代事物指代事物 whichwhich，thatthat所属关系所属关系whose=the n.+ of whomwhichwhose=the n.+ of whomwhich指地点指地点 wherewhere指时间指时间 whenwhen指原因指原因 whywhy二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用、引导作用2、替代作用、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用eg: 1.Those who want to go please sign your names here. 2.Th

5、is is the house where he was born. 3. Bill, who was here yesterday, asked me a lot of questions.2)：选用关系代词，还是关系副词：选用关系代词，还是关系副词如何选择关系词。如何选择关系词。(将先行词代入句子中，将先行词代入句子中，能够直接代入就能构成完整的句子用能够直接代入就能构成完整的句子用关关系代词系代词，不能直接代入需加，不能直接代入需加介词介词才能构才能构成完整的句子是成完整的句子是关系副词关系副词）3)3)选用关系词选用关系词, ,依据它依据它在从句中所做的成在从句中所做的成分分来确定：来

6、确定： (1)关系代词关系代词(that， which，who，whom等等)主要用作主要用作主语主语和和宾语宾语； (2)关系副词关系副词(when， where，why)主主要用作要用作状语状语； (3)作作定语定语时用时用whose。 1）This is the village_ I stayed last year. 2）This is the mountain village _ I visited last year.wherethat/which3）aMay 1 is the day _Ill never forget bMay 1 is the day_we spent tog

7、ether cMay 1 is the day _I joined the army Athat /which Bwhen AAB三、关系代词（三、关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代关系）的指代关系指人指人指物指物在定语从句中的在定语从句中的作用作用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose主语主语 宾语宾语宾语宾语主语主语 宾语宾语主语主语 宾语宾语定语定语whom指人指人, 在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语, 可省略。可省略。e.g. Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel?The

8、girl is from America.I called her just now. The girl (whom ) I called just now is from America. which指物指物, 在句中作主语或宾语在句中作主语或宾语, 作作宾语时可以省略。宾语时可以省略。 e.g. Im not interested in the book which has just been published. that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语语, 作宾语时可以省略。作宾语时可以省略。 The house that Im going to buy fa

9、ces south.Theyre talking about the film.I have seen the film. Theyre talking about the film (that) Ive seen. . whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“ of +关系关系代词代词”型，如：型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the doo

10、r of which open to the south.There are 20 students in this class, _ are different.A.whose backgrounds B.the backgrounds of whomC.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose1.1.This is the man _ wants to see you.2. A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.3.Is there anyone _ family is in B

11、eijing?4. He lost my bike, _ made me unhappy.whowhich/thatwhichwhose1. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what1.先行词为先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定等不定代词时，关系代词用代词时，关系代词用thatthat.若判断用什么关系代词，则需注意在若判断用什么关系代词，则需注意在下面下面6种情况下只能用种情况下只能用that引导：

12、引导：2. He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom3. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A. that B. which C. where D. in that4. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it5. Which was the hotel

13、_ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it2.2.先行词先行词为人和物为人和物的组合的组合3.先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等等修饰时修饰时4.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰或先先行词被序数词或最高级修饰或先行词前行词前the last, the very, the only 等时。等时。5.若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或或者者 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复, 关关系代词不要再用系代词不要再用 who, which，而用而用 that。6. She is

14、 no longer the girl_ she used to be. A. who B. that C. which D. whom6.先行词在定语从句先行词在定语从句中作表语时，用中作表语时，用that1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you want? A. which B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A

15、. which B. that C. where D. itChoose the best answers:.定语从句中的关系副词有：定语从句中的关系副词有：when, where, why1.when1.when在定语从句中作时间状语，相在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于当于“介词介词+ + 关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Eg.Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.on which2.where在定语从句中作地点在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于状语，相当于“介词介词+ 关系关系代词（代词（which）Eg.This is

16、 the house where I lived two years ago.in which3.why3.why在定语从句中作原因状语，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于相当于“介词介词for+ for+ 关系代词关系代词whichwhich）”。Eg. Do you know the reason why she was late?for which用 that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why填空 : 1.The house _ I would like to buy is not for sale. 2.The thief _ had r

17、obbed the man was caught by the policeman.3.He is the old man _ Mr. Li helped yesterday.4.I saw some trees _ leaves were black with disease.5.I know Mary very well _ mother is a teacher. 6. The office _ he works is on the third floor. 7. I was in Beijing on the day _ he arrived. 8.Is that the reason

18、 _ you were late for school this morning? wherein whichwhenon which whyfor which思考：是不是当先行词是表示思考：是不是当先行词是表示的名词时，引导词就用的名词时，引导词就用 ?1.I will never forget the days _ we spent together in the beautiful and quiet villages. 2.I will never forget the days _ we studied in the high school together. A. which B.

19、 whenBA总结：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于总结：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于引导词在从句中充当的成份：引导词在从句中充当的成份：做状语做状语用用关系副词关系副词，做主语，宾语，表语做主语，宾语，表语用用关系代词关系代词3.This is the house _ they lived 5 years ago. 4.This is the house _ they sold to me 5 years ago. A. where B. which5.This is the reason _ Bob gave me for his absence. 6.This is the reason _

20、 Bob was absent from yesterdays meeting. A. whichB. whyABAB7. Do you remember the day _ your sister was graduated as a Master of Arts? A. which B. on which C. about which D. 不填不填 B= when当作出判断选用关系副词时，关系副词可以换为当作出判断选用关系副词时，关系副词可以换为相应的介词相应的介词+ +关系代词：关系代词：when 可换成可换成 on/in/by/ + which;where 可换成可换成 at/in/

21、from/ +which; why 可换成可换成 for + which.掌握定语从句，还需掌握以下几点：掌握定语从句，还需掌握以下几点：1.根据实际需要，关系词前需要加适当的介词，根据实际需要，关系词前需要加适当的介词，即介词即介词+关系词关系词（1）介词）介词+关系代词（先行词是人，关系代词（先行词是人，介词介词+whom； 先行词是物，先行词是物， 介词介词+which）（2）介词）介词+关系副词（比较常见的关系副词（比较常见的结构是：结构是：from where）根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配配 He is the man _ whom I

22、think you can depend .关系代词前介词的确定：关系代词前介词的确定：on2.主语和谓语一致主语和谓语一致:1） 关系代词在定语从句中做主关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，其谓语动词与先行词保持语时，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。一致。 The boy who _（正站在门口）at the door is my son.is standing 2）在）在one of the +复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式用复数形式。 This is on

23、e of the best books that have ever been written on the subject. 3）在）在“the only one of the +复数复数名词名词+定语从句定语从句”结构中，结构中，one 是先是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。例如：语，其谓语动词用单数。例如： This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject.表示时间、地点的先行词的模糊化表示时间、地点的先行词的模糊化u cas

24、e / condition / situation / position / point / stage/point/等名词，表示等名词，表示“情况，情况，方面，处境方面，处境”的意思的意思,作先行词时常用作先行词时常用where引引导定语从句。导定语从句。u 但并非总是由但并非总是由where来引导，只有当关系来引导，只有当关系词在从句中作状语时，才用关系副词词在从句中作状语时，才用关系副词where，否则用关系代词。否则用关系代词。 u occasion表示表示“的时候的时候”时，常用时，常用when引导定语从句表示引导定语从句表示“场合场合”时，常用时，常用where。 Its help

25、ful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves different.Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear.(2009浙江卷浙江卷)I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。表示时间、地点的先行词的模糊化表示时间、地点的先

26、行词的模糊化 case /situation /point/ condition / place/position 状况，情形状况，情形引导定从引导定从 做状语做状语 where/in which 做宾语做宾语 (that/which)1. Were trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. 2. I think you have got to the point _ a change is needed, or you would fail. A. when B. where C. that D

27、. whichBwhere/in which非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 八、八、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1限制性定语从句是限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。如：如：a) What is the name of the tall woman who i

28、s standing there? 站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?b) Toronto is a city (that) I ve always wanted to visit.多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。2非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是是对先行词作些附加的说明对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果去掉如果去掉, 主句的意主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般开，一般不用不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中，引导。非限制性定语

29、从句中，关关系词不可省略系词不可省略。如：。如：a) Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history. 意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。b) Yesterday I met Professor King, who came from the University of London. 昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的。3.3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，为某一个词或短语，而特殊场合非限

30、制性定语从句而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由常由whichwhich引导。引导。eg. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, eg. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女析：从语境可

31、知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由主句，此时应由whichwhich引导定语从句。引导定语从句。1.His movie won several awards at the filmfestival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. that C. where D. it2. He was educated at the local high school, _ he went to Beijing University.A.after whic

32、h B. after that C. in which D. in that as/which1. The earth is round,_ is known to all.2._ is known to all, the earth is round.3. This is the same pen as I lost.4. This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.which/ as Asasas 1. as引导定语从句在引导定语从句在从句中做主语或宾语

33、从句中做主语或宾语 2. as可引导非限制性从句，带有可引导非限制性从句，带有正如正如,正像正像 as you know/as you see /as we planned/as we expected, as 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句可置于句首，而可置于句首，而which不可。不可。 3. 当先行词被当先行词被the same；such ;so; as修饰时用修饰时用as 引导限制性定语从句。引导限制性定语从句。 1. _is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. it B. A

34、s C. That D. What 2. _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As3. _I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. AWhen BAfter CAs DSince 4.4.关系代词关系代词whomwhom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用whowho代替代替whomwhom，但，但在非限制性定语从句

35、中作宾语时在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用不可用whowho来代替来代替。eg.This is the girl eg.This is the girl whom I met in the street.whom I met in the street.这是我在街上遇到的女孩。这是我在街上遇到的女孩。先行词先行词the girlthe girl在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用whowho代替代替whomwhom。eg.A young man had a new girl friend, eg.A young man had a new girl friend, w

36、hom whom he wanted to impress.he wanted to impress.一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻印象。下深刻印象。先行词先行词a new girl frienda new girl friend在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用作宾语，不可用whowho代替代替whomwhom。. as引导定语从句，充当关系代词的用法：引导定语从句，充当关系代词的用法：n1)当先行词前面出现当先行词前面出现such, so , as ,the same时，定语从句用时，定语从句用as引导：引

37、导：n(1) Such things as he said are usually untrue.n(2)I have never read so interesting a book as you have talked about.n但是但是as在非限制性定语从句中，先行词是整个主句。在非限制性定语从句中，先行词是整个主句。nAs we have pointed out, few people are total winners or losers.2）which 和和 as的区别：的区别：which 位置只能在主句后，它只能位于位置只能在主句后，它只能位于句中，而句中，而as 可前可后，

38、它可以置于句可前可后，它可以置于句首或句中；首或句中；as 正如，正如， which 这一点。这一点。 as的固定用法：的固定用法： As is well known, As we all know, As often happens, As is often the case, （1）The earth , as is known to us all, turns around the sun.（2）Tom drinks a lot every day, which makes his wife angry.正如正如这一点这一点当先行词是当先行词是way且在定语从句中做状语时，定语从且在定语

39、从句中做状语时，定语从句用句用that/in which引导或者不填。引导或者不填。I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which way 作先行词后跟定语从句的情况：1.He managed to achieve his goal in a way _you thought was impossible.2.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to underst

40、and.that/whichthat/in which/ 省略省略解题方法解题方法： 还原法还原法 即把即把先行词先行词还原回到定语从句中，还原回到定语从句中，观察先行词在定语从句中做什么成分观察先行词在定语从句中做什么成分. .一找二查三选：定语从句和先行词：先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分 即定语从句中的动词和先行词的搭配：适合的关系词1. Many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. （09安徽）安徽）A. their B. whose C. of t

41、hem D. with whom2. What do you think of teacher ,Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting (09北京）北京）. A. where B. which C. when D. that3. Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently( 09福建）福建）. A. that B. when

42、 C. which D. where（09海南）海南）4. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. these（09陕西）陕西）5. Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which6I have reached a point in my life _ I a

43、m supposed to make decisions of my own. A. Which B. where C. how D. why（09重庆）重庆）7. Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where（09全国全国2 ）8. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it（10全国全国1）9.

44、 As a child, Jack studied in a village school，_is named after his grandfather A which B where C what D. that（10全国全国2）10. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.A. who B. that C. as D. what （10陕西）陕西）11.The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repairA. wher

45、e B. which C. its D. whose（10四川）四川）12After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decision Athat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere（10北京）北京）13. Children who are not active or_ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that（10江苏）江苏）14

46、The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which 15.The house _ have been broken _to be repaired. A. which windows, needs B. whose window, needs C. the window of it, need D. the windows of which, needs29.The children _ parents died have just been sent to an orphans house. A. his B. that C. whose D. which24. The reason _ he was late was _he got up too late. A. why, that B. that, why C. why, because D. that, because