2013中考英语时态总复习new[1].ppt
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1、英语语法上讲的时间,通常有四种:现在、英语语法上讲的时间,通常有四种:现在、过去、将来和过去将来过去、将来和过去将来时态(时态(tense)通常包含两个意思:通常包含两个意思: 1.动作(状态)发生在什么时间动作(状态)发生在什么时间 2. 动作(状态)发生以后是什么状态动作(状态)发生以后是什么状态动作、时间和状态动作、时间和状态 动作动作 时间时间一般一般完成完成进行进行完成进行完成进行现在现在一般现在时一般现在时I do 现在完成时现在完成时I have done现在进行时现在进行时I am doing现在完成进行时现在完成进行时I have been doing过去过去一般过去时一般过
2、去时I did过去完成时过去完成时I had done过去进行时过去进行时I was doing过去完成进行时过去完成进行时I had been doing将来将来一般将来时一般将来时I shall/will do将来完成时将来完成时I shall/will have done将来进行时将来进行时I shall/will be doing将来完成进行时将来完成进行时I shall/will have been doing过去过去将来将来一般过去将来一般过去将来时时I should/would do过去将来过去将来完成时完成时I should/would have done过去将来过去将来进行时
3、进行时I should/would be doing过去将来过去将来完成进行时完成进行时I should/would have been doing16 Different Tenses (动词的动词的16种时态种时态)动词原形第三人称单数现在分词动名词过去式过去分词needneedsneedingneedingneededneededgogoesgoinggoingwentgonewritewriteswritingwritingwrotewritten动词的基本形式动词的时态结构歌谣动词的时态结构歌谣一般现在时,一般现在时,动词用原型;动词用原型;一般时一般时单数三人称,单数三人称,动词加
4、动词加“s s” 。一般过去时,一般过去时,动词加动词加“eded”。I work.He works. I worked.现在进行时现在进行时, ,进行时进行时例句:例句:I am working.过去进行时过去进行时, ,am,is,are,-ingam,is,are,-ing。was,were,-ingwas,were,-ing。例句:例句:I was working.将来时将来时一般将来时,一般将来时,wouldwould加原型。加原型。过去将来时,过去将来时,willwill加原型。加原型。I will work.I would work.完成时完成时现在完成时,现在完成时,have/
5、hashave/has加过分。加过分。I have worked.过去完成时,过去完成时,had had 加过分。加过分。I had worked.1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如用。如:always,usually,often, sometimes, never, every day/week /month/year等等,at, on Sunday等。等。 I leave home for school at 7 every morning. He cycles to work every day. 2) 客观真理,客观
6、存在,科学事实。客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees. 3) 表示格言或警句中。表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。骄者必败。此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如:从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如: Columbus proved that the earth is
7、 round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current a
8、nd stand back. 第二句中的第二句中的now是是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。1)下列动词:)下列动词:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现的一般现在时可表将来。主要用于表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情计划。在时可表将来。主要用于表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情计划。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes.2)倒装句,表
9、示动作正在进行,如:倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如: Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3)在时间或条件句中。在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是不是will come), ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. The sports meeting will be cancelled if it rains tomorrow.4)在动词在动词ho
10、pe, take care that, make sure that等后。等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有:时间状语有:yesterday,the day before yesterday, three days ago, last night/week/month, the other day, in 19
11、82, in the past;just now=a moment ago等。等。 Where did you go just now? I saw Tom in the street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.2)表示在表示在过去一段时间内过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。,经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. He always went to work by bus. He used to act li
12、ke that. 3)用过去时表示现在,表示语气委婉礼貌。用过去时表示现在,表示语气委婉礼貌。 (1)动词)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:等。例如: Did you want anything else? I wanted to ask you about that. Did you want to speak to me now? I wondered if you could help me. (2)情态动词情态动词 could, would,例如:例如:Could you lend me your bike? Would you lik
13、e something to drink?4)用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。 If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. If he were here now, we could turn to him for help.1) shall用于第一人称,常被用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first?Will y
14、ou be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to do表将来。表将来。What are you going to do tomorrow?Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。不定式,意为马上做某事。 He is about to le
15、ave for Beijing.注意注意:be about to不能与不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。时间状语连用。四、现在进行时四、现在进行时1. 表示现在表示现在( 指说话人说话时指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情正在发生的事情,常与常与now,Look! Listen! 等词连用等词连用。例如:。例如:We are waiting for you now. listen! My son is singing with his friends.2. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在习惯进行:表示长期的或重复
16、性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:进行。例如: Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. 3. 表示渐变的动词有:表示渐变的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. 4. 与与always, constantly, forever 等词连用
17、,表示反复发生的动作或等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.如:如:have, cost, owe, weigh, continue等等 I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.如:如:know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mea
18、n, understand, love, hate等。等。 I need your help. He loves her very much.如:如:accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等等 I accept your advice.如:如:seem, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等等 You seem a little tired.1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2)过去进行
19、时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。3) 常用时间状语有:常用时间状语有:at that time, this time yesterday,this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, as, when, while等,例如:等,例如: My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt
20、himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时表时间的同时性,间的同时性,玛丽在做衣服时玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去提供事情发
21、生的背景,因此用过去进行时。进行时。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fell C. was reading; was fallingD. read; fell答案答案B.句中的句中的as = when, while,意为意为当当之时之时。描述一件事发。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为发生。句意为 在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。句中的句中的
22、fell (fall的过的过去时去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:,是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。 present(now)futurepast 现在完成时现在完成时( present perfect tense)do my homework 助动词助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词注:注:has 用于第三人称单数,用于第三人称单数,have 用于其他所有人称。用于其他所有人称。 (1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与的影响或结果。通常与already, ju
23、st, yet, ever, never, before, 等状语等状语连用。例如:连用。例如: I have never heard of that before. She has ever been to Beijin? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my science book. presentpastnowI bought an apple.I have an apple.(2)现在完成时表示过去已
24、经开始,持续到现在)现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还会持续下也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。常与去的动作或状态。常与for+时间段,时间段,since+时间点或句子时间点或句子,so far(till now/up to now), recently, today, this week(month, year) ,in the past/last +时间段时间段等。等。 I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years. They have lived here since 1990. What has
25、 happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完等的完成时不能与成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。等表示一段时间的短语连用。 presentpastnowI lived here.I never move.I still live here.I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。我曾经去过颐和园两次。 He has always said so.他总是这么说
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