定语从句讲解1.ppt

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1、Revision of Restrictive Attributive Clause2022年5月28日星期六2 Revision of Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句复习限制性定语从句复习在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行先行词词。引导定语从句的关系代词有：which, that, who, whom, whose和as。引导英语从句的关系副词有：where, when, why。2022年5月28日星期六3定语从句后置定语从句后置The day came at last when I went to colle

2、ge.He laughs best who laughs last.He is the only one of the teachers who comes from Qingdao.2022年5月28日星期六4定语从句复习定语从句复习定语从句定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句2022年5月28日星期六5限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成

3、部中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间分，主句和从句之间不用逗号不用逗号隔开隔开非限定性定语从句是对非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整句意思完整.一般一般用逗号用逗号把主句和从句分开把主句和从句分开引导词：引导词：who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where等，等，不用不用that,不能省略不能省略引导词：引导词：关系代词和关系副词，关系代词和关系副词，作作宾语宾语时一些关系代时一些关系代词词可以省略可以省略2022年5月28日星期六6限制性定语从句的构成限制性定语从句的构成Th

4、e man who lives next to us sells vegetables.You must do everything that I do.I have found the book which I lost.I visited the school where I studied.关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词注意事项注意事项:1.从句的位置从句的位置:2.翻译方法翻译方法:3.构成：构成：先行词先行词 之后之后“.的的”关系词关系词2022年5月28日星期六7Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The ma

5、chine can fly.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系2022年5月28日星期六8先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系A plane is a machine that can fly. The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =whos

6、ein the school = where关系代词实际上是先行词的复关系代词实际上是先行词的复指指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词2022年5月28日星期六9指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略that人；物人；物主语；宾语主语；宾语 作宾语可省作宾语可省which物物主语；宾语主语；宾语 作宾语可省作宾语可省who人人主语；宾语主语；宾语 作宾语可省作宾语可省whom人人宾语宾语可省可省whose人；物人；物定语定语不可省不可省关系代词关系代词2022年5月28日星期六102022年5月28日星期

7、六11.先行词为先行词为one，ones，anyone，those，he时，只用时，只用whoeg：He who laughs last laughs best在在there be句型中，先行句型中，先行词为人只用词为人只用whoeg：He who laughs last laughs best.。There is a man who is stealingeg: 那儿有个偷东西的人。那儿有个偷东西的人。2022年5月28日星期六13难点一难点一: whoseThe teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our clas

8、s.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose =the students关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格2022年5月28日星期六14难点一难点一: whoseThe house is mine. The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair of sentences.The house whose wind

9、ow is broken is mine. whose=the houses windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken2022年5月28日星期六15难点二难点二:as 1. 引导限定性定语从句，指代被引导限定性定语从句，指代被 the same, such, as, so 等修饰的名词等修饰的名词Dont talk about such things as you dont understand.Were facing the same problems as we di

10、d years ago.2022年5月28日星期六16It is as pleasant a film as I have ever seen.Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.比较：比较：Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）（结果状语从句）2022年5月28日星期六17关系代词的用法练习关系代词的用法练习1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry. He c

11、ame to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parents farm. 4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them. 5.I dont like the people. They smoke a lot. The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh. The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry. .He prefe

12、rs the cheese that / which it comes from his parents farm.The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.I dont like the people that / who they smoke a lot.2022年5月28日星期六18指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略when时间时间状语状语否否where地点地点状语状语否否why原因原因状语状语否否关系副词关系副词2022年5月28日星期六192022年5月28日星期六202022年5月28日星期六2120

13、22年5月28日星期六222022年5月28日星期六232022年5月28日星期六242022年5月28日星期六25注意注意:关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. I dont like the way that you speak. on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the

14、reasons =whyin the way =that关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词2022年5月28日星期六261)当先行词是不定代词时当先行词是不定代词时,如如:All ,few, little, much, every, something, anything, everything, 等等2)当先行词被当先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, any等修等修饰时饰时3)当人和物合做先行词时当人和物合做先行词时总结总结:只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况2022年5月28日星期六27

15、4) 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时饰时 5) 在疑问词在疑问词who、which、what 开头的句子中开头的句子中只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况2022年5月28日星期六28 1. 根据先行词来确定根据先行词来确定 This is the pot in which I boiled the milk. This is the pot (which / that) I boiled the milk in. Yesterday we had a meeting, at which we discussed many problem

16、s. (at the meeting)介词的确定方法：介词的确定方法：介词介词 + which / whom2022年5月28日星期六291979 was the year in which my son was born. (= when)This is the place in which I grew up. (= where)Thats the reason for which he dislikes me. (= why)2022年5月28日星期六30The person to whom I complained is the manager.The person (who / wh

17、om / that) I complained to is the manager.The dog, of which he used to be afraid, is her favorite animal now. (be afraid of)2. 根据从句中的谓语根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定动词或形容词来确定2022年5月28日星期六313. 根据从句所表达的意思来确定根据从句所表达的意思来确定Water, without which man cant live, is really important. 4. 当介词和从句中的动词构成固定当介词和从句中的动词构成固定 词组时，介词

18、不能前置词组时，介词不能前置 The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.2022年5月28日星期六32介词介词 + which / whose + n.I often get up at six, at which time it is still very dark in winter.He is the man from whose house the pictures were stolen.2022年5月28日星期六33名词名词 + of + which / whom This is the lady t

19、he son of whom is a famous writer. (= whose son)These people, the majority of whom are farmers, disagreed with the plan.The cake, half of which was eaten, was bought for Lilys birthday.2022年5月28日星期六34代词代词 + of + which / whom 用于非限定性定语从句中表示数量。用于非限定性定语从句中表示数量。 这些代词包括：这些代词包括：many, much, some, a few, mos

20、t, all, both, none, either, neither The old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors.There are a lot of books, none of which is mine.2022年5月28日星期六35 The two players, neither of whom reached the final, played well.The money, all of which has been given to the Hope project, was collected in the perf

21、ormance.The foreigners, most of whom have been to China for the first time, come from different countries.2022年5月28日星期六36数词数词 + of + which / whom I bought some books from the bookstore, five of which were English novels.In our factory there are 800 workers, 40 percent of whom are women.2022年5月28日星期六

22、37形容词最高级形容词最高级+ of + which / whom There are many islands in China, the largest of which is Taiwan.She has six children, the cleverest of whom is John.2022年5月28日星期六381.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten ye

23、ars ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. when /in whichwhichwhere/ in whichwhichwhy/ for whichthat/which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词2022年5月28日星期六391.He did all / everything _he could to help me.2.This is t

24、he very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest

25、 to the earth.thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat , which ,whose, whom or who?2022年5月28日星期六409.Is there anything else _ you want to say?10.Any person _ has the money can join the group.11.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _ made others upset.12.He opened the door, in front of _ sat a

26、boy.13.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist.14.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.thatthatwhichwhich whomwhosethat , which ,whose, whom or who?2022年5月28日星期六411. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10?3. Do you like the book she learned a lot

27、? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River.8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill.9. The man _ I spoke on the

28、 phone last night is very good at wrestling.10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough whichunder whichof whichfrom whichto whomof which介词介词+关系代词练习关系代词练习2022年5月28日星期六42几点注意事项几点注意事项1. the way 表示方式时，其后的定语

29、表示方式时，其后的定语从句有以下几种情况从句有以下几种情况Can you tell me the way (that) you solve the problem. Can you tell me the way in which you solve the problem.2022年5月28日星期六432. 定语从句中的谓语动词定语从句中的谓语动词 要与先行词保持一致要与先行词保持一致He is one of the students who havebeen abroad.He is the only one of the students who has been abroad.2022

30、年5月28日星期六443. 先行词是时间时，并非都用先行词是时间时，并非都用when引导的从句来修饰。试比较：引导的从句来修饰。试比较：Do you still remember the days when there was no electricity?Do you still remember the days (which / that) we spent together?2022年5月28日星期六45The place where Lu Xun once worked has become a museum.The place (which / that) I visited la

31、st week is in Hong Kong.4. 先行词是地点时，并非都用先行词是地点时，并非都用where引导的从句来修饰。试比较：引导的从句来修饰。试比较：2022年5月28日星期六465. 先行词是先行词是the reason时，并非都用时，并非都用 why 引导的从句来修饰。试比较：引导的从句来修饰。试比较：Thats the reason why he was late.Thats the reason (which) he gave me.1.I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. A. of them B. from whic

32、h C. who of D. of whom2022年5月28日星期六47高考链接D解析：答案解析：答案D D。考查介词。考查介词+ +关系代词关系代词2. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. A. which B. it C. she D. he2022年5月28日星期六48高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。此句不是考试定语从句，。此句不是考试定语从句，而是一个并列句。而是一个并列句。andand连接两个句子。连接两个句子。itit指代前一句的内容。指代前一句

33、的内容。3. If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where2022年5月28日星期六49高考链接D解析：答案解析：答案D D。先行词。先行词chairschairs在定语从句在定语从句中作状语，用中作状语，用wherewhere。4.-Why does she always ask you for help? -There is no one else _, is there? A. who to

34、 turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn 2022年5月28日星期六50高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。oneone是先行词，省略了关系是先行词，省略了关系代词代词thatthat。5. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. A. in which B. by which C

35、. which D. that2022年5月28日星期六51高考链接A解析：答案解析：答案A A。该题考查定语从句介词。该题考查定语从句介词+ +关关系代词。系代词。6. Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? A. in which B. by which C. which D. in that2022年5月28日星期六52高考链接C解析：答案解析：答案C C。先行词。先行词farmfarm在从句中作在从句中作visitvisit的宾语。的宾语。7. The journey around th

36、e world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which2022年5月28日星期六53高考链接A解析：答案解析：答案A A。该题考查定语从句介词。该题考查定语从句介词+ +关关系代词。系代词。8. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that20

37、22年5月28日星期六54高考链接A解析：答案解析：答案A A。先行词。先行词her trousersher trousers在定在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词语从句中作状语，故用关系副词wherewhere。9. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What2022年5月28日星期六55高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。代替整个句子，在从句中作主语，而从句位于句首时，要用as。10.Is this the only reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. that he explained B. what he explainedC. why he explained D. which he explained 2022年5月28日星期六56高考链接A解析：答案解析：答案A A。先行词前有the only, the very, the right等修饰时，要用that。