国际音标课件.ppt

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1、元音 单元音单元音 双元音双元音 前元音前元音 中元音中元音 后元音后元音/i:/i / /e/:/ /a:/ / /:/u / /u:/ /ei /ai/ /i/u/ /au/ /i/ /u/辅音辅音爆破音爆破音摩擦音摩擦音鼻辅音鼻辅音破擦音破擦音无摩擦无摩擦持续音持续音舌侧音舌侧音半元音半元音/p/b/t/d/k/g/f/ /v/s/ /z/ 3 /h/m/n/t /d 3 /tr/dr/ts/dz/r/l/ /w/j/ i: 发这个音时，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬得很高。牙床几乎全合。双唇扁发这个音时，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬得很高。牙床几乎全合。双唇扁平。平。i:音和汉语拼音音和汉语拼音i,也即

2、和普通话中也即和普通话中“衣衣”音相近。但没有任何的摩擦。音相近。但没有任何的摩擦。它是一个长音，相当于短音的一倍。注意唇形舌位保持不变。它是一个长音，相当于短音的一倍。注意唇形舌位保持不变。vReading Come to tea.vPlease come to tea.vPlease come to tea with me.vPlease come to tea with me by the sea.vDo you agree if you are free to come to tea with me by the sea? i 发这个音时，舌尖抵住下齿，牙床半合，双唇扁平。前舌发这个音

3、时，舌尖抵住下齿，牙床半合，双唇扁平。前舌的较后部分抬得很高，但注意不要将前舌中部抬得很高。的较后部分抬得很高，但注意不要将前舌中部抬得很高。vReadingvHes swimming.vHes swimming in the river.vHes swimming in the river with Tim. e 发这个音时，舌尖抵住下齿，舌前部抬起来一些，但抬得不如i:高，它是个前元音。牙床接近半开，双唇稍扁，平展。在发这个音时注意不要将牙床张得太开。上下齿之间可容纳一个食指就可以了。这个音相对其他元音而言，比较难发。vReadingvHe sells eggs.vHe sells hen

4、s eggs.vHe sells the best hens eggs.vHe sells the best hens eggs every Wednesday. 发这个音时，舌尖抵住下齿，舌前部稍高，但要比发元音ie时低。双唇向两边展开，稍扁。牙床几乎全开直至上下齿之间可以容纳食指和中指的宽度。注意请把口开得大一些。还要注意双唇不要上下活动，改变唇形，以防发成另一个双元音。vReadingvWe pat the black cat.vWe pat the black cat in the van.vWe pat the black cat in the van with a hat.vWe

5、pat the black cat in the van with a hat with our hands. : 发这个音时，舌身平放，舌中部稍稍抬起，双唇较紧张，成扁平状。发音的位置和发i:相似。注意发音的长度，不要发得太短。 :是一个长音，发音时舌位较高，牙床开得较小。vReadingvWe search and search.vWe search and search for the bird.vWe search and search for the bird he heard.vWe search and search for the bird he heard in the ch

6、urch. 这个音时唇舌和牙床都很自然，肌肉一点儿都不紧张。发音时，舌中部稍稍抬起，舌尖微触下齿。牙床半开，上下齿之间可放扁平的食指尖。舍身平放，双唇扁平，注意不要将双唇收圆，在词首或词中发得较模糊，但在词尾时，应该适当延长。vReadingvWhats the weather like today?vWhats for todays supper?vThe river over there is full of rubbers. 发这个音时，注意舌的中部隆起，舌的两侧不接触上颚。舌尖和尖端两侧触及下齿，开口程度和:相似，牙床接近全开，双唇向两旁平伸。vReadingvYou must com

7、e.vYou must come to supper.vYou must come to supper with us.vYou must come to supper with us and join the fun. : 发这个音时，注意把舌身中部隆起，舌头两侧不接触上下颚，舌头和舌头两侧不触及下齿，牙床接近全开，双唇向两旁平展，这个元音音素和汉字“啊”的发音相似。vReadingvI cant dance.vI cant dance at the garden party.vI cant dance at the garden party at my aunts farm 发这个音时牙床

8、全开，和发:时几乎一样，和:所不同的是， 用圆唇，是个短音。所以学习这个音素前先学:。在发 :的基础上双唇收圆就会得到音。双唇收圆后会感到舌向后收缩，后舌抬起，要注意将牙床尽量开的大一些。vReadingvWheres the watch?vWheres the watch I put in my pocket?vWheres the watch I put in my pocket to take to the shop?vWheres the watch I put in my pocket to take to the shop for John? : 发这个音时，要注意舌后部抬高，双唇

9、收得更圆更小，并须用力向前突出。牙床张开三分之二左右，上下齿之间只能容纳平叠的食指和中指尖。它是一个长元音。vReadingvPaul calls.vPaul calls from the hall.vPaul calls from the hall and stands on the floor.vPaul calls from the hall and stands on the floor, he cant get to the door. u 发这个音时注意，舌后部向软腭抬起，舌身后缩，舌尖离开下齿。它发音时的嘴形不像发u :时那么突出，只是双唇收圆，稍向前突出。肌肉也不如发u :时那

10、么紧张。后舌不如发u :时高，发u 时的牙床比发u :时开得稍大一些，开三分之一左右。体会你后发现，u 是一个短音。vReadingvHave a look.vHave a look at the book.vHave a look at the book which is near the brook.vHave a look at the book which is near the brook and took by the cook.vHave a look at the book which is near the brook and took by the cook who sto

11、od beside the woman. u : 发这个音时，牙床接近全合，双唇收圆，向前突出。后舌抬得很高，u :是个长音，注意不要发得太短，口腔肌肉要始终保持紧张状态。vReadingvI choose blue.vI choose blue shoes.vI choose blue shoes to take to school.vI choose blue shoes to take to school to use.vI choose blue shoes to take to school to use if I were you. ei 这个音是由e向i滑动的双元音，发音过程中下

12、颚向上合拢，舌位也随之稍稍抬高。前面一个元音发得较清楚，较长，后面的元音发得较模糊，较短。发ei时注意不要将e的牙床开得太大。vReadingvThey paint the table.vThey paint the table pale gray.vThey paint the table pale gray the other day.vThey paint the table at the gate pale gray the other day.vThey paint the table at the gate pale gray the other raining day.vThey

13、 paint the table at the gate pale gray the other raining day with Mr Snake. ai 这个音是由a向i滑动的双元音，开始部分的a是个前元音，不单独出现，只在双元音中出现。和普通话“a”相似，但舌位更靠前，发音时舌端必须抵住下齿，牙床全开，这个音发得较清楚，较长。然后，从a向i滑动。但不到i的舌位就停止了，后面的音发得较模糊，较短。vReadingvI drive five miles.vI drive five miles on Friday night.vI drive five miles on Friday nigh

14、t with Mike.vI drive five miles on Friday night with Mike to see a fight that I like. i 这个音是由向i滑动的双元音，开始部分舌位在和 ：之间。这个音发得较清楚，较长。然后，从向i滑动。但不到i的舌位就停止了，后面的音发得较模糊，较短。发 i口形从大到小，由圆唇变成扁唇。vReadingvI am annoyed.vI am annoyed at the boy.vI am annoyed at the boy for spoiling the toy.vI am annoyed at the boy for

15、 spoiling the toy which belongs to Joy. u 这个音是由向u滑动的双元音，发音过程中是一个圆舌后元音，舌位比i高而靠前。舌尖可稍触下齿。由滑向u时，要把双唇收得更圆更小。前面一个音发得较清楚，较长，后面的元音发得较模糊，较短。发u时注意不要将的牙床开得太大。vReadingvThe roses wont grow.vThe roses wont grow even slowly.vThe roses wont grow even slowly in this cold.vThe roses wont grow even slowly in this col

16、d , you know. au 这个音是由a向u滑动的双元音，发音过程中开始部分的a是个前元音，不单独出现，只在双元音中出现。和普通话“a”相似，但舌位必须抵住下齿，牙床全开大，双唇向两边略微伸张。并把舌后部稍稍抬起。由a滑向u时，口从开到合，前面一个元音发得较清楚，较长，后面的元音发得较模糊，较短。发au时注意不要以开始就把嘴巴收圆。vReadingvI see a large crowd.vI see a large crowd around the house.vI see a large crowd around the house and shout loudly.vI see a

17、 large crowd around the house and shout loudly with some brown flowers. i 这个音是由向滑动的双元音，开始部分舌位在元音音素i上。这个音发得较清楚，较长。然后，从i向很快滑动。但不到 的舌位就停止了，后面的音发得较模糊，较短。发这个音时的嘴型从合到开。注意用扁平唇，嘴巴不要张得太开，以免发成：或的音。vReadingvSee , the end of the pier.vSee , the end of the pier is near.vSee , the end of the pier is near ,I fear.

18、 e 这个音是由e向滑动的双元音，开始部分舌位在元音音素e上，它是一个前元音，舌位高度在e或之间，发音时舌尖抵下齿。这个音发得较清楚，较长。然后，从e向很快滑动。但不到的舌位就停止了，后面的音发得较模糊，较短。vReadingvThats a rare pair.vThats a rare pair for a fair.vThats a rare pair for a fair to wear.vThats a rare pair for a fair to wear and hard to bear as she sits on her chair. u 这个音是由u向滑动的双元音，但注意

19、，由u向很快滑动。u不要发成u：后普通话中的“乌”。vReadingvIm sure.vIm sure this is newer.vIm sure this is newer and purer.vIm sure this is newer and purer than the drink in that ewer.辅 音consonants p 发这个音时，双唇紧闭，然后突然分开。气流从口腔中冲出来，送气有力。声带不震动。它是一个清辅音 。 vReadingvPeter is kicking pears and pumpkins.vPeter Piper picked a pack of

20、pickled pepper. b 它的发音方式和方法完全与p相同，双唇紧闭然后突然分开。七流从口腔中冲出来。发这个音时声带震动，是个浊辅音。注意p在词尾时发得很轻。vReadingvBill brings his big beautiful blue balloon.vBills black basket is in the bread-box.vBill is beating a big beast with his big fist.vBills big brother is building a beautiful building between two big brick bloc

21、ks t 它的发音方式是舌尖接触上齿龈，形成阻碍，然后舌头突然下降，气流从口中冲出，发出爆破音。体会一下，它是清辅音还是浊辅音呢？vReadingvWhat a terrible T-shirt is that for little Timmy!vToms table is a tea-table for his toy tiger. d d 的发音位置和方法完全与t 相同，舌尖接触上齿龈，形成阻碍，然后舌头突然下降，气流从口腔中冲出，发出爆破音。d 是浊辅音。t在词尾时要发得清脆有力，但d在词尾时要发得很轻。vReadingvDad, dont ride your old bike to g

22、o down the road.vTeddy digs for his dear donkey and finds it doesnt like it. k k发音时后舌隆起，抵住软腭，形成阻碍，然后突然离开，气流从喉部冲出，发出爆破音。发k 时声带不震动，是个清辅音。vReadingvTake care of the cat.vTake good care of Kittys cat.vTake good care of my kid Kittys cat.vTake good care of my kid Kittys white and beautiful cat. g 音素g发音时，发

23、音方式和方法完全与 k 相同，后舌部隆起，紧贴软腭，形成阻碍，然后突然离开，其流冲出口腔。但发g时声带震动，是浊辅音，在词尾时 k 要发得有力，但g发得很轻。vReadingvGive the big dog a box of bone.vGive the big dog a box of big bone.vGive the big dog a box of big bone and bring the dog to the door. f 发这个音时，下唇轻轻地碰上齿，气流从上齿与下唇间的缝隙中通过，唇齿发生摩擦产生这个音。 vReadingvFanny cut a loaf.vFanny

24、 cut half a loaf.vFanny cut half a loaf with a knife.vFanny cut half a loaf with a fine knife. v 发这个音时，它的发音方式和f相同。在普通话中没有和v相似的音，要将上齿较固定地放在下唇上，然后较用力使气流从上齿与下唇间的缝隙中通过，发生摩擦成音。由于发v时声带在震动，有时会感到下唇也在颤动。 vReadingvDavid loves his wife.vDavid loves his wife very much.vDavid loves his wife very much because she

25、 gives him a new vest.vDavid loves his wife very much because she gives him a new vest on the New Years Eve. 发这个音时，舌端轻轻接触上齿背，气流通过舌端和上齿背之间的缝隙，发生摩擦而成。注意，普通话中没有和它相似的音，发这个音时，不要只是将舌端轻轻接触一下上齿背而不发生摩擦，那样只吐气，不发音，更不要上齿碰下唇发成的f音。vReadingvJust think of the things.vJust think of the things well do on Thursday.vJu

26、st think of the things well do on Thursday if nothing else turns up.vTom tells us to just think of the things well do on Thursday if nothing else turns up. 这个音的发音方式同前一个辅音，舌端轻轻接触上齿背，气流通过舌端和上齿背之间的缝隙，发生摩擦而成。注意，普通话中没有和它相似的音，发这个音时，不要只是将舌端轻轻接触一下上齿背而不发生摩擦，那样只吐气，留心看嘴型。vReadingvThat girl is playing.vThat gir

27、l is playing with a mirror.vThat girl is playing with a smooth mirror.vThat girl is playing with a smooth mirror and talking with her father. s 发这个音时注意舌尖靠近齿龈，但不要贴住。气流从舌尖齿龈之间泄出，摩擦成音。用两指体会，它是清辅音还是浊辅音？祝贺你，你答对了。它是一个清辅音。s和普通话“斯”的发音相似。即发“斯”时，舌尖接近上齿龈，发英语音素s时，舌尖也接近上齿龈，但发s时，送气较为有力。vReadingvCindy likes stamps

28、.vCindy likes all sorts of stamps.vCindy likes all sorts of stamps and some sea-food.vCindy likes all sorts of stamps and some sea-food because she is a girl of sixteen. z 发这个音时注意同发s相似，舌尖靠近齿龈，但不要贴住。连续不断的发s音，然后使声带震动，气流从舌尖齿龈之间泄出，摩擦成音。用两指体会，它是清辅音还是浊辅音？祝贺你，你答对了。它是一个浊辅音。千万注意舌尖不要接触上齿龈，一旦由于接触阻塞了舌尖和齿龈尖的缝隙，则

29、会变成普通话中“资”的声母“z”。vReadingvHe gives me his zip.vHe gives me his zip and music book.v He gives me his zip and music book with his best magazine and eraser. 发这个音时，双唇收圆突出，略成长方形，注意不要发成扁形的嘴型。整个舌身抬起靠向硬腭，形成一条狭长的通道，舌尖接上齿龈，然后气流从舌头和硬腭及上齿龈间的缝隙中通过，发出摩擦音，所以如果你仔细体会一下的话，会发现它是一个清辅音。请避免发成普通话里的“虚”“西”等。vReadingvShe sel

30、ls shells.vShe sells sea shells.vShe sells sea shells on the sea-shore.vShe sells sea shells on the sea-shore, and the shells she sells on the seashore are sea shells.vShe sells sea shells on the sea-shore, and the shells she sells on the seashore are sea shells, Im sure. 3 发音方法同。发这个音时，双唇收圆突出，整个舌身抬起

31、靠向硬腭，形成一条狭长的通道，舌尖接上齿龈，然后气流从舌头和硬腭及上齿龈间的缝隙中通过，发出摩擦音。发音时，双唇稍向前突出，略呈长方形，注意不要发成扁形的嘴型，以免发成普通话里的“日”等。vReadingvTurn down the television.vTurn down the television, dont listen to the explosion.vTurn down the television, dont listen to the explosion, please have a look at the treasure. h 发这个音时，气流不受阻碍，轻松地从两条声带

32、间的缝隙，也就是声门通过，声门有轻微摩擦。口形不定，一般随后面的元音音素变化而变化。用食指和中指体会一下，它是一个清辅音。注意它和普通话中h音的区别。vReadingvHis brother often helps him.vWhen he does his homework, his brother often helps him.vHarry is hardworking boy, when he does his homework, his brother often helps him. m 发这个音时，双唇紧闭，软腭下垂，气流从鼻孔中冲出来，它是一个鼻音，把食指和中指放在咽喉部体会发

33、音时的感受，你会发现发m时，声带震动，很响亮。注意，在词末尾时需略微延长发音，以防止吞音。vReadingvJim has come.vJim has come for more music.vJim has come for more music for Adams mother.vJim has come for more music for Adams mother for a few minutes. n 发这个音时，舌位和td相同，舌尖紧贴上齿龈，形成阻碍，但软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔中泄出。注意在词尾时需略微延长，以防吞音。它是一个浊辅音，用手指体会一下，发音时声带震动了吗？vReadi

34、ngvNine men knock at the door.vNine men knock at the nice door near.vNine men knock at the nice door near the net.vNine men knock at the nice door near the net on the snow. 它的舌位和k相同，但软腭下垂，堵住口腔通道，发这个音时，后舌抵软腭，气流从鼻腔中泄出来。它是个鼻音。发音时声带震动，是个浊辅音。它和普通话中的“京”的尾音相似，在词末时发音清晰有力。 ReadingvAll the thanks are for your

35、 charming songs.vAll the thanks are for your charming songs you sang yesterday. t 发这个音时，舌尖先抬起并顶在上齿龈的后部，形成阻碍，不留缝隙，然后渐渐放开，形成一个缝隙，气流从中冲出，是一个清辅音，发音时声带不震动。这个音也可以先摆好发的口型和舌位，并将舌前部继续上抬到上齿龈，然后用气流冲出，继续发音成t 。vReadingvCatch the bus.vCatch the bus to watch the match.vCatch the bus to watch the match at the churc

36、h.vCatch the bus to watch the match at the church in March. d 3 发这个音的位置和方法完全同前一个辅音，舌端先抬起并顶在上齿龈的后部，形成阻碍，不留缝隙，然后渐渐放开，形成一个缝隙，气流从中冲出，然后连续不断地发，将声带震动就产生了d 3。vReadingvJim has some jam. vJim has some jam on his jeep. vJim has some jam on his jeep near the bridge. vJim has some jam on his jeep near the bridg

37、e over the gorge. tr 发这个音时，舌尖抬向上齿龈后部，并向硬腭弯曲，舌尖贴在上齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的t后立即发r，它是一个清辅音。vReadingvThe truck near the tree is small.vThe truck near the tree is small and the tram near the tree is big.vOn my trip, I see the truck near the tree is small and the tram near the tree is big. dr 发这个音时，舌身取发r的姿势，舌尖贴在齿

38、龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的d后立即发r，它是一个浊辅音。vReadingvThe driver is dreaming.vThe driver is dreaming when he is driving.vThe driver is dreaming when he is driving and the car is drawing a picture in the street. ts 发这个音时，舌尖先贴住上齿龈，堵住气流，然后略微下降，气流随之泄出口腔。用中指和食指抵住喉头，体会一下声带不震动的感觉。ts是一个清辅音。英语中的ts和普通话中“次”的声母相似，但英语的ts送气更为有力

39、。vReadingvKates cat sends gifts.vKates cat sends gifts to its friends.vKates cat sends gifts to its friends on Christmas.vKates cat sends gifts to its friends on Christmas every year. dz 发这个音的方法和发前一个辅音相似，舌端先贴住上齿龈，堵住气流 ，然后略微下降，气流随之泄出口腔。用中指和食指抵住喉头，体会一下声带震动的感觉。dz是一个浊辅音。英语中的dz和普通话中“资”的声母相似，但发dz时声带震动，发z时

40、声带不震动。vReadingvRichards hands are dirty.vRichards hands are dirty and his friends are sad.vRichards hands are dirty and his friends shake their heads.vRichards hands are dirty and his friends shake their heads and say, we dont want to play with you at weekends. r 舌尖向上齿龈后部卷起，舌前部下陷，略成凹形，舌身两侧收拢，双唇突出，气流

41、由舌面与硬腭间泄出，卷舌发音，但不发生摩擦。舌尖在口腔中颤抖成音。注意，舌尖必须悬空。一旦舌尖接触上齿龈则会变成另外一个音。vReadingvThat rich man cant carry.vThat rich man cant carry a rat.vThat rich man cant carry a red toy rat.vThat rich man cant carry a red toy rat and some rice. l 发这个音时，舌尖抵住上齿龈，后舌隆起 ，舌的中部凹下，气流从舌头两旁空隙处流过，所以它还被称为舌侧音。和r一样，它是一个浊辅音，发音响亮，可以和元音一

42、样延长，它通常出现在辅音前或单词的末尾。vReadingvLily had a fall. vLittle Lily had an awful fall.vLittle Lily had an awful fall and lost her lovely doll.vLittle Lily had an awful fall and lost her lovely doll with its large jelly box. j 发这个音时，前舌抬得很高，舌身抬向硬腭，舌面和硬腭稍有摩擦，双唇向两旁伸展，成扁平形。它是一个半元音。所谓的半元音是指发音部位和元音相似，但没有长度，一经发出，立即过

43、渡到后面的元音，主要起辅助作用。英语音素中两个半元音，它是其中一个。vReadingvThe young boy is ten.vThe young boy in yellow is ten.vThe young boy in yellow is ten years old.vThe young boy in yellow is ten years old this year.vThe young boy in yellow is ten years old this year, Now he is eating some yam. w 发这个音时，后舌抬得很高，双唇收圆，并稍有一些突出。它也是一个半元音。气流受阻轻微，通过双唇时有点摩擦。vReadingvThe worker in white is waiting.vThe worker in white is waiting for his wife.vThe worker in white is waiting for his wife when his wife is sweeping.vThe worker in white is waiting for his wife when his wife is sweeping in the washroom.