2马心同-高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——名词(附详解).pdf

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1、高考英语陷阱题总结归纳名词典型陷阱题分析典型陷阱题分析1. 1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _ newspaper, with _ in her eyes.A. a, tearC. a, tearsB. a piece of, tearsD. a piece of, tear【陷阱】【陷阱】误选 D，许多学生错误地认为，既然news(消息)和 paper(纸)均为不可数名词，那么 newspaper(报纸)也应是不可数的； 同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水”， “水”不可数， “泪水”和“眼泪”也应该不可数。【分析】【分析】 最佳答案为 C。

2、 newspaper 和 tear 均为可数名词， 它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用复数，而且还可以连用数词。Her eyes filled with tears. 她热泪盈眶。She dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼泪。The newspapers were full of lies. 报纸上一片谎言。A newspaper is a publication. 报纸是一种出版物。顺便说一句，若不是将 newspaper 当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西，而只是把它当成一种“纸”来看待，也可用作不可数名词，如：Wrap it in (a

3、 sheet of) newspaper. 把它用张报纸包起来。2. 2. Her father works as a _ in a hotel and her mother a _ in a private company.A. cooker, typewriterC. cooker, typistB. cook, typistD. cook, typewriter【陷阱】【陷阱】 误选 A， 许多同学想当然地认为： cook 用作动词， 表示“煮饭”， 所以 cooker 应是其相应的名词， 表示“煮饭的人”，即“厨师”；type 用作动词， 表示“打字”，所以 typewriter应表示

4、“打字员”。【分析】【分析】而事实是：cook=厨师，cooker=炊具；typist=打字员，typewriter=打字机。即此题正确答案为 B。3. 3. “Why couldnt they meet us at five oclock?” “Because they were delayed by _.”A. heavy trafficC. crowded traffic【陷阱】【陷阱】B、C、D 三项均容易误选。B. heavy trafficsD. crowded traffics【分析】【分析】对于此题，首先要明确traffic 为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故排除B 和 D。另外，

5、汉语习惯说“交通拥挤”，而英语习惯上却不能用crowded 来修饰 traffic，要表示汉语的“交通拥挤”，英语通常说 heavy traffic，即选 A。如下面一题也是选A：She is not a competent driver and cant cope with driving in _.A. heavy trafficC. crowded trafficB. heavy trafficsD. crowded traffics4. 4. In fact, _ one cause that leads to the problem.A. cattle isC. cattles ar

6、eB. cattle areD. the cattles are【陷阱】【陷阱】此题容易误选 A，想当然地认为 cattle 是单数，并且空格有表单数的one，自然谓语动词用 is。【陷阱】【陷阱】其实，正确答案为 B。cattle(牲畜，牛)为集合名词，尽管它不带复数词尾-s，却永远表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。又如：For this many cattle were killed. 为此宰了不少牲畜。The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。类似地，police(警察)，people(人)，police(警察)，pou

7、ltry(家禽)等也具有同样用法，即只有单数形式，但却表示复数意义；用作主语时谓语通常也用复数；不与 a(n) 连用，但可与 the 连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如：The poultry have been fed. 家禽已经喂过饲料了。In Britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英国警察通常不带枪。It annoys me when people forget to say “thank you”. 遇到有人忘记道谢的时候，我就不痛快。5. 5. By all _, you must try every _ to help him.A. me

8、an, meanC. means, meanB. means, meansD. mean, means【陷阱】【陷阱】误选 C，认为第一空前有all 修饰，故用means，而第二空前有every 修饰，故用 mean。【分析】【分析】其实，means 是一个单复数同形的名词，并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说，在表示“方式”、“方法”时，不存在 mean 这一形式(mean 主要用作动词，表示“意思是”；也可用作名词，表示“中间”、“中庸”)。此题正确答案为C，by all means 为习语，意为“一定”、“尽一切办法”。顺便说一句，means 用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较：All

9、 possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都已经试过了。Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都已经试过了。若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数，其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如：Is Are there any other means of getting more money? 还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱吗?6. 6. Jim is _ person, and everyone is willing to be _ with him.A. so kind a, friendsC. so kind a, fri

10、endB. so a kind, friendsD. so a kind, friend【陷阱】【陷阱】误选 C 或 D。认为 friend 要用单数。【分析】【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A。so kind a person 相当于 such a kind person，注意两者中冠词的位置不同。be friends with 是习语，意为“与友好”、“跟做朋友”，与之同义的类似地还有 make friends with。值得说明的是，这类短语中的名词总是用复数，即使句子主语为单数也是如此。如：He is friends with me. 他与我是朋友。He has made friends w

11、ith everyone here. 他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。7. 7. We already have _ pencils, but we need two _ pens.A. dozen of, dozenC. dozens of, dozen【陷阱】【陷阱】误选 B。【分析】【分析】此题最佳答案为C。关于dozen 的复数是否加词尾-s 的问题比较复杂，大致原则是：(1) 当它与具体数字连用时，既不加复数词尾-s，也不后接介词 of。尽管有的词书也有two dozen of 这样的用例，但这已属过时用法，在考试中应避免，如1992 年全国高考有一道单项选择题就认为 two dozen

12、 of 为错误选项：Shortly after the accident, _ police were sent to the spot to keep order.A. dozens ofB. dozensC. dozen ofD. dozen DB. dozens of, dozensD. dozens of, dozen of(2) 当它不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾-s，而且要后接介词 of，此时可将 dozens of(许多，几十)视为习语。如：Ive been there dozens of times. 我去过那儿几十次。Shes got doze

13、ns of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。下面一例中的 dozens 加了复数词尾-s 也属为似情况：Pack them in dozens. 按打装袋吧。(3) 当与 a few, several 等数目不很具体的词连用时，加不加复数词尾-s 均可，但需注意：不加复数词尾-s 时，其后的介词 of 可以省略；加词尾-s 时，其后介词 of 不能省略。如：several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of pencils几打铅笔注：英语较少使用 many dozen 的说法，要表示类似意思可用dozens of。(4) 当它后面的名词受 the

14、, these, those 等特指限定词修饰时，或其后的接的是 us, them这样的人称代词时，则此时必须用介词 of。如：two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋three dozen of them 它们中的 3 打注：score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上类似用法。8.8. She raised her finger to her lips as _ for silence.A. an ideaC. a sign【陷阱】【陷阱】容易误选 B。【分析】【分析】 应选C， sign与mark的区别是： sign 的意思是“迹象”

15、、 “征兆”gesture or movementmade with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc(用手或头等做出示意动作以传递信息或命令等)，mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made assignor an indication of sth(书写与印刷的符号或图、线等记号)。根据此二词的语义区别以及常识可知答案为 C。类似地，下面两题的答案也是C：(1) Those black clouds are a sure _

16、that its going to rain.A. thingC. signB. markD. oneB. a markD. a word(2) Just as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a _ of good harvestnext year.A. markC. signB. trackD. appearance但是，下面一题却不能选sign，也不能选 mark，而选 symbol(象征)：The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _

17、of courage and power.A. exampleC. markB. signD. symbol顺便说一句， 在近几年的高考中像这类结合词义区别以及语境和生活常识进行考查的试题经常出现，同学们需引起注意。9. 9. “May I take your order now?” “Wed like three black _ and two green _.”A. coffee, cups of teasC. cups of coffee, teaB. coffees, teasD. cup of coffees, teas【陷阱】【陷阱】误选 C，认为 coffee 和 tea 均为不

18、可数名词，不能后加复数词尾-s，从而排除选项 A、B、D。【分析】【分析】选 B。有的同学认为 coffee 和 tea 是物质名词，不可数，不能用 three coffees,two teas 这样的表达。其实，coffee 既可用作不可数名词，表示“咖啡”这种物质，也可用作可数名词， 表示“一杯咖啡”， 即在口语中 three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee。 同样， “三杯茶”既可说成 three cups of tea，也可说成 three teas；“三杯啤酒”既可说成 three glasses ofbeer，也可说成 three beers。10

19、.10. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. WalkC. The walk【陷阱】【陷阱】容易误选 A 或 D。【分析】【分析】最佳答案为 B。分析如下：(1) 首先，选项 D 不如选项 B 佳，因为，不定式通常表示特定的动作，而动名词才表示习惯性的动作。(2) 尽管 walk 用作名词时可以表示“散步”， 但它是可数名词， 指的是一次一次的具体的散步，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“散步”，要表示此义，要用动名词 walking。比较：How about going for a walk? 出去散散步如何?Walkin

20、g does good to your health. 散步对你的健康有益。类似地，dance 和 dancing 以及 swim 和 swimming 的区别也是一样：(1) 名词的 dance 表示“跳舞”，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的跳舞，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“跳舞”，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词 dancing。比较：B. WalkingD. To walkLets have a dance. 我们跳曲舞吧。He is interested in dancing. 他对跳舞感兴趣。(2) 名词的 swim 表示“游泳”，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的游泳，

21、而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“游泳”，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词 swimming。比较：She had a swim every day. 她每天游一会儿泳。She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。精编陷阱题训练精编陷阱题训练1. 1. Ten years had passed. I found she had _.A. a few white hairsC. some white hair2. 2.Hi, this way, please.OK.I sometimes have no sense of _ when I arrive at the crossroa

22、d.A. positionC. situationB. directionD. conditionB. a little white hairD. more fifty hair3. 3. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure ofpassing it on her first _.A. intentionC. purposeB. attemptD. desire4. 4. I didnt have to work all weekend I did it by _

23、.A. chanceC. accidentB. choiceD. myself5. 5. “Did you get _ to the party?” “Yes, I replied to it this morning.”A. an answerC. a questionB. an invitationD. a letter6. 6. I paid him 50 for the painting, but its true _ must be at least 500.A. priceC. valueB. moneyD. importance7. 7. His letter was so co

24、nfusing that I could hardly make any _ of it.A. explanationC. senseB. meaningD. guess8. 8. Youve just missed your _, and you willhave to wait for the next round.A. chanceC. timeB. turnD. part9. 9. Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well.Its no _ he always gets the first place in any examinati

25、on.A. questionC. problem10.10. How can I use this washing machine?Well, just refer to the _.A. explanationsC. introductionsB. expressionsD. directionsB. doubtD. wonder11.11. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _.A. rooms numberC. rooms numbers12.12. Hello, I

26、d like to speak to Henry.Oh, which _? There are two _ in our office.A. Henrys, HenrysC. Henry, HenrysB. Henries, HenriesD. Henrys, HenriesB. room numberD. room numbers13.13. Electricity, like other forms of _, has greatly increased in price in recent years.A. pressureC. strengthB. forceD. energy14.1

27、4. In order to learn the _ of the family business, Bill took a job as messenger boy inone of the offices.A. ins and outsC. heads and tails15.15. Ive got an “A” in the examination.Thats a good _. You will surely win a second.B. dos and dontsD. ts and isA. resultC. start答案与解析答案与解析B. newsD. idea1. 1. 选

28、 A。hair 可用作可数或不可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发，如说 Theres a hair in my soup (我的汤里有根头发)；用作不可数名词时，则是整体地指一个人的头发。2. 2. 选 B。需根据句意来分析。have no sense of direction 意为“没有方向感”。3. 3. 选 B。需根据句意来分析。attempt 在此表示“尝试”。4. 4. 选 B，由于上文说 didnt have to work，所以下文相应的语境应是 did it by choice。类似地，下面一题应选D，也是因为 choice 与下文的 have to do it

29、相呼应：Were you given a _, or did you have to do it?A. jobC. requestB. dutyD. choice5. 5. 选 B。注意其后的 to the party 和 replied to it。6. 6. 选 C。value 指“价值”。7. 7. 选 C。make sense of 意为“明白”、“理解”。比较：make sense 意为“有意义”、“意思清楚”、“有道理”。如下面一题选 D：What he told us about the situation simply doesnt make any _.A. useC. va

30、lueB. reasonD. sense8. 8. 选 B。miss ones turn 电为“错过机会”，注意下文的 have to wait for the next round所表示的语境。9. 9. 选 D。its no wonder (+that 从句)的意思是“难怪”，也可说成 No wonder (+that 从句)。10.10. 选 D。directions 的意思是“使用说明”，空格前的 refer to 意为“查看”、“参考”。11.11. 选 D。room 为无生命名词，不用 rooms 这样的所有格形式，在此可直接用名词作定语。类似地，下面一题要选B，也是一样的道理（名

31、词作定语通常用单数不用复数）：The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a _yesterday.A. shoes shopB. shoe shopC. shoess shopD. shoes12.12. 选 C。在通常情况下，专有名词具有“独一无二”性，因此它通常没有复数形式，即不可数。但是， 专有名词的独一无二性有时是相对的，随着范围的扩大，这种独一无二性便会受到破坏。如在一个星期(week)内，只有一个星期六(Saturday), 一个星期日(Sunday)等，但是在一个月中甚至一年中

32、， 便有多个星期六， 多个星期日了。 所以我们有时可以说： We havespent many happy Sundays there. 我们在那儿度过了许多个愉快的星期日。 另外一点值得注意的是，与一般的名词单数变复数不同，以“辅音字母+y”结尾的专有名词，其直接加词尾-s，而不将 y 改为 i。13.13. 选 D。从常识来考虑，electricity 属于 energy，结合全句的语境，只有D 最合适。同样地，下面一题从常识和语境来考虑也应选D：(1) Some countries are increasing their use of natural gas,and other for

33、ms of _.A. sourceC. powerB. materialD. energy(2) The _ has become extremely tense. A war could break out any time between thetwo sides.A. pollutionC. conditionB. friendshipD. situation14.14. 选 A。ins and outs 意为“细节”，dos and donts 意为“注意事项”，heads or tails 为掷钱币打赌时用语，意为“你赌正面还是赌反面”，ps and qs 主要用于 mind ones ps and qs，意为“留意自己的言行”。结合句意，选 A 最合适。15.15. 选 C。从语法上看，news 不可选，因为它不可数；从意义上看，D 不可选，因为选 D 意思不通；比较 A 和 C，选 C 最合适，因为 start 与下文的 a second 相吻合。