考新题型－－语法填空解题技巧探讨2.ppt

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1、2015语法填空语法填空解题策略解题策略The person who loves the law will go further, he will have more ENERGY, he will accomplish more, he will be_ (happy)A. happily B. more happy C. happinessD. happy 1 1、阅读、阅读/ /理解理解语篇语篇的能力的能力; ;2 2、分析句子结构的能力、分析句子结构的能力; ;3 3、熟练运用语法的能力。、熟练运用语法的能力。1.语法填空题语法填空题能力要求能力要求 3.语法填空题语法填空题空格设计空

2、格设计纯空格纯空格介词，连词，代词，冠词，介词，连词，代词，冠词，从句引导词，情态动词，从句引导词，情态动词，助动词等助动词等有有提提示示词词谓语动词，非谓语动词，谓语动词，非谓语动词，名词，形容词，副词，名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高形容词或副词的比较级或最高级级 无提示词无提示词 可数名词单数之前可数名词单数之前 考查语法点考查语法点: 定冠词定冠词,不定冠词不定冠词, 物主代词的用法物主代词的用法归纳总结：如果句子基本结构完整，空格后面是名词（尤其是单如果句子基本结构完整，空格后面是名词（尤其是单数名词），前面无限定词，就应该考虑空格处是否需数名词），前面无限定词，就应该

3、考虑空格处是否需要填冠词要填冠词(a/the)、不定代词、不定代词(any, no, some, all, every.)和形容词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词(my, her, their, its)，名词所有格，名词所有格等进行修饰。等进行修饰。 无提示词无提示词两个主谓结构连接两个主谓结构连接 Office workers tried to put out the fire, _ it was impossible to control it.考查语法点考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法引导词的用法& but归纳总结： 从句子结构考虑，如果空格前后都有句子。则要根

4、据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。 表原因：because, for ,since 等 表结果：so, therefore ,hence, thus 等 表递进：further, furthermore, moreover, in addition 等 表转折：but, nevertheless, however,yet, While ,althouhgh,though等2 如果两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有分号或句号，也没有关联词连接或引导，则填并列连词或从属连词 (1) that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why (引导定语从

5、句) (2) that, whether, if, whose, which, who, what, when, where, how, why (引导名词性从句) (3) when, before, after, until, while, because, so, if, unless, although, as (引导状语从句)(4) and ,or but (连接并列句） 无提示词无提示词 与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语, ,补语补语, , 表语等表语等 与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语 考查语法点考查语法点: 介词的基本用法及

6、惯用搭配介词的基本用法及惯用搭配归纳总结 名词或代词前面的空格也可能填介词。如句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。 介词可位于名词之前 如：at night ,on Sunday 也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in ,be good at 还可位于不及物动词之后，如 listen to ,arrive at ,look for 特殊句式结构 1 She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 2 Littl

7、e_ we know his life. 3 _ cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 4 I _ go to the station to meet her but I didnt see her. 5 It was in the street _I met an old classmate of mine the other day.itdoSodidthat归纳总结 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词1 由it is .that. 强调句型2由it 作形式主语或宾语的句式3 sosuch .that.句型4 构成倒装条件的onl

8、y, so ,neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not until, had 等5 强调谓语动词要填do, does, did.分析句子结构分析句子结构上下文语境上下文语境动词，名词，形容词，副词，动词，名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级形容词或副词的比较级或最高级有有提提示示词词动词 给出的提示词为动词时，我们应首先分析句子结构，判断该动词在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，或者是否需要转换词性等，然后再具体解题。 有提示词有提示词 与主语构成主谓结构与主语构成主谓结构 考查语法点考查语法点: 谓语动词的时态及语态谓语动词的时态及语态, 及主

9、谓一致及主谓一致技巧技巧1 1 ：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。例1. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _(close) my book and walked away. closed 例例2. All over the wo

10、rld, people move from place to place. More and more people_ (leave) towns and farms to move to cities.This movement(move) to cities is called urbanization. are leaving 例例3. The happiest (happy) of people dont necessarily (necessary)have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything t

11、hat _(come) along their way. comes例例4. .The country life he was used to _ （change ）greatly since the opening policy was carried out.has changed 有提示词有提示词 除谓语动词以外的动词形式除谓语动词以外的动词形式 考查语法点考查语法点: 非谓语动词及变形的使用非谓语动词及变形的使用技巧技巧2 2 ：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用是非谓语

12、动词就要确定用 doing形式，形式，done形式，还是形式，还是 to do 形式。非谓语的形形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间它与其逻辑主语之间 的关系。的关系。例例5. but it is not enough only _(memorize) rules from a grammar book.to memorize 例例6. _(speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrarySpeaking 注意注意 ：作主语或宾语时，通常用作主语或宾语时，通常用doing /

13、 being done形式表示习惯或一般情况；形式表示习惯或一般情况； 用用to do / to be done形式表示具体情况或将来；形式表示具体情况或将来；作状语用作状语用having done / having been done表示已发生。表示已发生。例例7. He saw the stone, _(say) to himself: “The night willl be very dark.”saying 注意注意 ：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式。式。例例8. There w

14、ill be a meeting, _(start) later this year to review the film.learned 注意注意 ：分词做后置定语也要看它与被修饰分词做后置定语也要看它与被修饰词之间的关系确定形式。词之间的关系确定形式。starting 例例9. .Lessons_(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. 有提示词有提示词 介词介词, ,冠词冠词, ,所有格后接名词所有格后接名词, ,形容词形容词修饰名词修饰名词, ,副词修饰形容词动词或整个副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子句子

15、 考查语法点考查语法点: 各类词性的正确使用及转化各类词性的正确使用及转化技巧技巧2 2 ：词类转换题要先确定在句中的成分。词类转换题要先确定在句中的成分。dangerous例例10. In a _(danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to 例例11. There must be something_ (serious) wrong with our society.seriously让学生可以对一些短文进行语法填空的命题1 挖出认为会考的10个空； 2 注明理由（比如：介词+名词）； More t

16、han 220 people were killed in the fire which destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months before the fire; it was Sao Paulos newest building. All the 25 floors of the office building were completely destroyed. The fire also destroyed cars which be

17、longed to people who worked in the building. Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor. No one knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an electrical fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it

18、was impossible to control it. Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above to escape. More than 220 people were killed in the fire _1_ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months _2_ the fire; it was Sao P

19、aulos newest building. All the 25 _3_ of the office building were completely destroyed. _4_ fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building. Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire _5_on the 11th floor. _6_knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was sta

20、rted by an _7_(electricity) fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, _8_ it was impossible to control _9_ . Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above _10_(escape). One possible version More than 220 people were k

21、illed in the fire _ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months _ the fire; it was Sao Paulos newest building. All the 25 _ of the office building were completely destroyed. _ fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the bu

22、ilding.which/thatbeforefloorsThe Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire _ on the 11th floor. _ knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an _ (electricity) fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, _ it was impossible to control _ . Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above _ (escape). broke outNo oneelectricalbutitto escape学习建议： 不断记忆，积累词汇不断记忆，积累词汇 夯实基础，学好语法夯实基础，学好语法 大声朗读，培养语感大声朗读，培养语感 坚持不懈，多做练习坚持不懈，多做练习