新七年级英语语法和练习.ppt

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1、. 词的分类词的分类1. 名词 n.：表示人或事物的名称 2. 冠词 art.：用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物3. 代词 pron.：用来代替名词、形容词或数词4. 动词 v.：表示动作或状态5 .数词num.:用来表示数量或者第几的词.6.形容词adj.:修饰名词或代词的词。7.副词 adv.：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词8.介词 prep.：表示名词代词等和句中其他词的关系9.连词 conj.： 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句 一、名词一、名词 名词: 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1、不可数名词:表示的事物,其数量不可以数清或者难以数清。 2、可数名词:表示的事物,其数量可以数

2、清 。可数名词用法上的特点: (1)、有单数、复数两种形式; (2)、其中可数名词单数通常不能单独使用，必用 a / an 或the,数词、many，物主代词的其中一个限定。在句子中谓语动词也会随主语人称和数的变化而变化主语是单数谓语动词就用三单形式；主语是复数谓语动词就用原形（be 动词有其特殊使用法则，见后面be动词使用口诀） 3、单数名词后加、单数名词后加 s 或或 es 变成复数名词。单数名词后加变成复数名词。单数名词后加 s 或或 es 的方法如下的方法如下: (1)、 一般情况一般情况,名词后直接加名词后直接加 s (清辅音后读清辅音后读 / s /, 浊辅音后读浊辅音后读/ z

3、/) 例如例如: parents“双亲双亲” ;aunts“阿姨阿姨” ;friends“朋友朋友” (2)、以字母、以字母 e 结尾的名词结尾的名词,直接加直接加 s (读读 / z /) 例如例如: uncles“叔叔叔叔” ;pictures“图画图画” (3)、以字母、以字母 O 结尾的名词结尾的名词,有的加有的加 s ,有的加有的加 es (读读 / z /) 例如例如: photos“照片照片” ;tomatoes“西红柿西红柿” ; (4)、以、以“辅音字母辅音字母 + y”结尾的名词结尾的名词,变变 y 为为 i,加加 es (读读 / z /) 例如例如:family fam

4、ilies; party parties (5)、以、以 s x ch sh 结尾名词结尾名词,直接加直接加 es(读读 / Iz/) 例如例如: buses“公共汽车公共汽车” boxes“盒子盒子” wishes“希望希望” watches“手表手表” (6)、少数名词的复数形式是不规则的、少数名词的复数形式是不规则的,有特殊形式。有特殊形式。 man men woman women people people childchildren (7)knife的复数形式是的复数形式是knives 4、名词所有格 :表示“某人的” , 名词 + 或 s 构成 。其规则如下: 名词所有格，表物是谁

5、的； 单数s,复数s; 并列名词后各自和共有，前者s分别加，后者s加在后; 若为无命词，of 所有格，前后需倒装，此是硬规则。解说： (1)、一般情况下,名词后直接加 s: Jims (吉姆的); my mothers(我的母亲的) 2、以 s 结尾的复数名词,直接加 : my friends (我的朋友的);his students 3、一个 人或物 属各自所有的或者几个人共有,变成所有格。 Jims and Kates aunts 吉姆的阿姨和凯特的阿姨 Jim and Kates birthday 吉姆和凯特(共有)的生日 4.of 所有格：A的B 要表达为B of A中国的地图：the

6、 map of China.一、写出下列词的复数形式am_ is_ he _ she _ it _ that_this_ you_ pen_ desk_ key_ orange_ boy_ friend_ parent_ mother_ brother_ son_ sister_ father_ card_daughter_ cousin_ case_family_ box_ orange_ class _ child_ shelf _ bed _ radio_ photo_ tomato_ woman _ man _ strawberry _ dictionary _ arearesonst

7、heytheythosetheseyoupensdeskskeysorangesboysfriendsparentsmothersbrotherstheysistersfatherscardsdaugtherscousinscasesfamiliesboxesorangesclasseschildrenshelvesbedsradiosphotostomatoeswomenmenstrawberriesdictionaries二、选择填空( )1、There _ on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos

8、 C. is a photo D. is photos ( )2. The old man wants_ . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples( )3. There two in the box. A. is ,watch B. are ,watches C. are , watch D. is , watches( )4. The _ meeting room is near the reading room. A. teacher B. teache

9、rs C. teachers D. teachers( )5._ shirt is white. A. My brother B. My brothers C. My brothers D. My brothers( )6. Today is September 10th. It is _ Day. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers( )7. Its June 1st, its _ Day. A. Childrens B. Childrens C. Childrens D. Childrenss ( )8. This yea

10、r, _ is on May 9th. A. my mothers birthday B. my mothers brithday C. my mothers birthday D. my motherss birthday ( )9. This is _ . A. Mike and Jims bikeB. Mikes and Jim bike C. Mikes and Jims bike D.Mike and Jim bike 三、变换句型（把下列句子变为复数句）。1. This is my friend. 2. This is a table. 3.That is her brother.

11、 4.This is a book. 5.That is an eraser. 6.It is a red orange.7.He is a teacher. 8. Whats this? These are my friends.These are tables.Those are her brothers.These are books.Those are erasers.They are red oranges.They are teachers.What are these?7. _(教师节) is on September 10th. .8. _(学生们的) desks and ch

12、airs are very new.9. _(赵敏的) shoes are white.10. _(John和Sally的)mothers are American.11. _(Tony哥哥的)computer is broken.12、Its _(妇女节) on March 8th.Teachers DayThe studentsZhao MinsJohns and SallysTonys brothersWomens Day 四、按中文意思填空1. _(李明的)parents work in a big hospital.2. This is _ (我妹妹的) Chinese book.3

13、. _ (我的姐姐和弟弟的)rooms are very nice.4. _ (王平和王明的) father is a hotel manager.5. Is this _(你的好朋友的)pen ?6. They are_(Peter 和Sam的) teachers.Li MingsMy sisters and my brothersmy sisters Wang Ping and Wang Mings your good friendsPeter and Sams二、冠词二、冠词只有不定冠词a (an)和定冠词the 两个，不用冠词叫零冠词。1、不定冠词a和an ：a用在辅音前，如 a pe

14、n a chair an 用在元音前。an old teacher an English book 注意辅音字母第一个音是元音的情况：F H L M N S X这七个字母的第一个音是元音在说一个以上字母时要用an ,如an“F” (一个F) 同时注意字母U,它是元音字母，但它的第一个音是辅音，因此说一个U，应为 a “U”2、定冠词the：当一个名词第二次出现时前面用the 。注意在三餐饭（breakfast、 lunch 、dinner ）前不用the ,月份和星期前都不用the ,体育活动的球类运动前面不用the 。如:have dinner in January December Sun

15、day play basketballplay tennis (volleyball soccer Ping Pong chess baseball) 3、如单数可数名词前有this、that、my等代词修饰时，则不再使用a或an。 冠词练习( )1. There is _ art room in the building. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( )2. -What color is _ orange? - Its _ orange. A. an, the B. /, an C. an, / D. /, the( )3. There is_ “u” and _ “s

16、” in the word “rulers”. A. a, a B. an, a C. a, an D. an, an( )4. Its not _English book. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( )5. I have _ very interesting book. It is about_ exciting game. A. an, the B. the, a C. a, an D. a, a( )6Is that your _ ? Aa picture Bpicture Cpictures Dnice pictures( )7Are _ Kates _? At

17、his, book Bthat，book Cthese，books Dthose，book( ) 8.Thats _ art book. A. an B. a C. the D are. 代词代词(Pronouns) 1. 代词的分类代词的分类人称代词(Personal Pronouns)物主代词(Possessive Pronouns)指示代词(Demonstrative Pronouns) 形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词新七年级英语新七年级英语(上册上册)语法复习语法复习 一代词一代词人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyoushe he itthey宾

18、格meusyouyou her him itthem物主代词形物代myouryour yourher his itstheir名物代1、人称代词和物主代词mineoursyoursyourshers his itstheirs人称代词和物主代词练习：人称代词和物主代词练习：（一）用代词的适当形式填空。1There is a letter for_ (her 、hers) mother. 2That is _(she ) coat. The coat is red. _(it)is a new one. 3Whose pens are these? _(their) are _ (we). 4G

19、ive _(he) a toy, please. 5_(we) eyes are black. 6Tim and Bill are twins. _(them) parents are teachers. 7Give the book to _(I ). 8These books are _(we). 9That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big.( I )10The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )11Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ .

20、 ( I )12_ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )herherItTheyourshimOurTheirmeoursmyminehersheryourmineHeHishis 二，用合适的代词填空1._(我) am a student. _ (我的)name is Gina.This is _ (我的)sister. This pencil is _(我的).Where is _(我的)schoolbag? (我的)_is on the desk.(我的)_favorite subject is s

21、cience.MymymyMyMinemineI2、Do _(你)have a soccer ball? Is this _(你的) pencil？ Do _(你)like bananas? When is _(你的) birthday? What is _(你的)favorite subject? Who is _(你的)P.E. teacher. Why do _(你)like P.E.? When is _ (你的) P.E. class? Where is _(你的)schoolbag? (你的)_ is on the desk.youyouryouryouryouyouryouyou

22、ryourYours3.Is _(他)Alan? Whats _(他的) last name? Whats _(他的)phone number? _(他的) father is a teacher._(他)often plays basketball. When is _(他的) birthday?What is _(他的)favorite subject? Who is _(他的)music teacher.Why does _(他)like P.E.? When is _(他的) music class?This soccer ball is _(他的).Where is _(他的)sch

23、oolbag? (他的)_ is on the desk.hehishisHisHehishishishehishishisHis4. Is _(她)Helen? Whats _(她的)phone number?_(她的) father is a teacher._(她)often plays tennis after school. When is _(她的) birthday?What is _(她的)favorite subject? Who is _(她的)music teacher.Why does _(她)like P.E.? When is _(她的) music class?T

24、his ping-pong bat is _ (她的). Where is _(她的)schoolbag? (她的)_ is on the desk. sheherHerSheherherhersheherhersherHers5._(我们) are late. Please let_(我们)play soccer._(我们的) classroom is big._( 你们的) is small._(他们)are my parents. I love _(他们)very much.Whats _(他们的) names? WeusOurYoursTheirsthemtheir 2、指示代词 （1

25、）、this“这” ,其复数形式 these “这些” ,指代近处的人或物体 ; （2）、that“那” ,其复数形式 those“那些” ,指代远处的人或物。 3、指示代词 this that these those 作主语,一般疑问句的简略回答 （1）、Is this / that your aunt ? Yes , it is . No , it isnt . 简略回答时,用主格代词 it 代替 （2）、Are these / those your uncles ? Yes , they are . No , they arent . 简略回答时,用主格代词 they 代替 、单句变复句

26、,把句子中单数词变成复数词。 1、This is my friend . _ _ _ _my _ 2、That is his parent . _ _ _ _his _ 3、She is her cousin . _ _ _ _her _ThesearefriendsThoseareparentsTheyarecousins.用所给的词选择填空1、These are pens and _ are pencils. (that, this, those)2、Tom was sick yesterday. _ is why he missed school. ( That, Those, Thes

27、e) 3、Which of _ shirts are Toms ( These, this, that)4、This desk is mine, _ is hers. ( those, this, that)5、The map of Beijing is better than _ of Tianjing. (this, that, these).thoseThatthesethatthat 四、数量词四、数量词 1、基数词 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen 2、序数

28、词 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth 口诀：口诀：1、first, second, third特殊记；特殊记；4到到19加加th,注意注意fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 2、整数则是去、整数则是去y变变ie, 加加th， 如：如：twentieth； 3、表示、表示“几十几几十几”，整数为基数词，个数为序，整数为基数词，个数为序数词数词 如：如：thirty-third fifty-fifth 数词练习 1、Mr Green has _ ( two ) daughters

29、 . 2、Kate is Mr Greens _ ( one ) daughter. 3、There are _ ( twelve ) months in a year. 4、March is the _ ( three ) month of a year . 5、They have _ ( twenty ) computers. 6、I can afford _ ( eight ) sweaters . 7、 Mr Greens _ ( nine) store is very big .twofirsttwelvethirdtwentyeightninth8、-How old is your

30、 friend ?-She is ( 12)years old . .9、-How old is her father?- He is (30) years old . 10. January the month of a year.11、February the month of a year.12、April the month of a year.13、May the month of a year .14、August the month of a year.15、December the month of a year.twelvethirtyfirstsecondfourthfif

31、theighthtwelfth五、介词五、介词介词：本册的介词较少，主要用在介词短语里面，如on：on sale (销售) on April 8th, (在四月八日) on the desk (在桌子上) on TV (在电视上) in：in English (用英语) in the afternoon (在下午) in the case (在盒子里) T-shirt in red (红色T恤) be in the movie（出演这部电影） in September (在九月) be in our school music festival （参加我们学校的音乐节）at：call sb.at

32、 3356 (拨打3356找某人) at your school (在你们学校里) at Huaxing Clothes Store （在华兴服装店） at a very good price (以非常优惠的价格) at six (六点钟) have a look at (看一看) of：a set of (一串) the photo of your family (你的全家照) lots of =a lot of (许多) date of birth（birthday）(生日)with：with sb. (同某人一起) be good with (和相处得好) help sb. with s

33、th. (帮助某人做某事)for：thanks for =thank you for (谢谢某人的.) bag for sports (运动包) pants for $30(卖30元的裤子) see for yourself (亲自看看) for girls (对女孩子来说) like sth. for lunch (喜欢吃当作午餐)about：about Chinese history (有关中国历史)under：under the desk (在桌子下面)六、形容词六、形容词 本册所学的形容词不多，注意拼法和反义词 big (small) long (short) sad (happy)

34、boring (interestingfun) exciting difficult relaxing great healthy old (new) - young white (black)七副词副词：除疑问副词外，本册的副词有only too very well often also really 副词only often also really 等在句中的位置都是在行为动词前面或是系动词的后面。注意几组词的区别：1、too 和also ：too一般放在句子的末尾，also在行为动词前面或是系动词的后面。2、well 和 good ：两个词都有“好”的意思，但well 是副词，而good

35、 是形容词，well修饰动词，放在动词的后面，good 修饰名词，放在名词的前面。如play basketball well speak English well a good student Good morning 八、连词八、连词连词：连词：本册所学连词有and but or then and 连接两个词或两个句子，表示前后的句子意思顺接。如：I like fruit and I like vegetables. but 连接两个句子，表示后面意思转折。如：He likes tomatoes but she doesnt like broccoli or 表示选择关系。如：Can you

36、 play the piano or the violin? then表示动作的先后顺序。 本册所学的祈使句类型有 Spell it, please. Please take these things to your sister. Lets play ping-pong. (tennisbasketballvolleyball) Come and buy your clothes. Have a look at Huaxing Clothes Store. 九、动词及句型转换九、动词及句型转换 1、 动词的种类(四类) （1）系动词：如 be动词(is am are)；become，soun

37、d等 （2）情态动词如 can 、may、need； （3）助动词（ do does）； （4）行为动词如 take 、bring、eat、have(has)、like、sell、buy、play、see、go、watch 等 2、 动词的第三人称单数（与名词的复数一样动词的第三人称单数（与名词的复数一样 ） 如如 eat(eats) take (takes) buy (buys) play (plays) have(has) are (is) 3、 动词的时态（一般现在时 ） （ 1）含有）含有be动词的动词的 有有be动词的句子在变一般疑问句时，将动词的句子在变一般疑问句时，将be动词动词

38、放到句首，放到句首，（注意第一人称变为第二人称 Are you a Chinese boy ? Is she twelve ? Is he Tims brother ? 含有含有be动词的句子在变否定句时只须在动词的句子在变否定句时只须在“be 动动词后词后+not”， 注意：注意： someany andor Im not a Chinese boy. She isnt twelve . He is not Tims btother . Her mother isnt an English teacher . (2)含有情态动词的句子含有情态动词的句子 （ can等，以等，以can为例为例

39、）, She can play basketball. His mothers cousin can sing many English songs. 含有情态动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只须将含有情态动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只须将“情态动情态动词放到句首词放到句首”， Can she play basketball ? Can his mothers cousin sing many English songs ? 含有情态动词的句子在变否定句时直接在情态动词的后含有情态动词的句子在变否定句时直接在情态动词的后边加上边加上not 。 注意：注意： someany andor 例：She ca

40、n not play basketball . His mothers cousin can not sing many English songs . (3)含有行为动词的句子 We have many friends. They watch TV at 7 in the evening . The students take their books to school . I have lunch at school . You have a sister . 含有行为动词的句子在变一般疑问句时要在含有行为动词的句子在变一般疑问句时要在原句子的前面加原句子的前面加do. Do you ha

41、ve many friends ? Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening ? Do the students take their books to school ? Do you have lunch at school ? Do you have a sister ? 含有行为动词的句子在变否定句时只须在行含有行为动词的句子在变否定句时只须在行为动词前加为动词前加dont . 注意：注意： someany andor We dont have many friends. They dont watch TV at 7 in the evening . T

42、he students dont take their books to school . I dont have lunch at school . You dont have a sister . 含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词要加数时，行为动词要加s (或或es)如： She has a red pen . He has eggs for breakfast . Her mother buys a skirt for her . She likes tennis . My brother watches TV every eve

43、ning . He wants to go to a movie . 含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，变一般疑问句要变一般疑问句要“加加does ,行为动词要还原行为动词要还原”。 注意：注意： someany Does she have a red pen ? Does he have eggs for breakfast ? Does her mother buy a skirt for her ? Does she like soccer？ Does your brother watch TV every evening ？ Doe

44、s he want to go to a movie ？ 含行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，含行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，变否定句时变否定句时“在行为动词前面加在行为动词前面加doesnt , 同时同时原行为动词要还原原行为动词要还原”。 注意：注意： someany andor She doesnt have a red pen . He doesnt have eggs for breakfast . Her mother doesnt buy a skirt for her . She doesnt like thrillers . My brother doesnt

45、 watch TV every evening . He doesnt want to go to a movie . 练习练习 、be动词： be动词有三兄弟：is，am, are 。I(我)用am, you(你)用are, is跟着he(他) she(她) it(它)，we(我们) you(你们)和they(他们)，复数（两人以上）永远连着are. 解析: I am; You are; He is; She is; It is; We are; You are; They are. (1)、在下面的题目中填上恰当的Be动词。 1. I _ Kitty. 2. She _ a student

46、. 3. Jane and Tom _my friends. 4. My sisters _ tall. 5. I _ at school now. 6. We _ students. 7. They _ in the zoo. 8. Yang Ling _ ten years old. 9. Where _ your friends? 10. How old _ you? 11. I _ a student. amisareareamareareisareaream 12. You _ a doctor. 13._she Kitty? 14. _ you Chinese? 15. He _

47、in Shanghai. 16. It_ a car. 17. They _ cars 18. _ your mother in the room? 19. _your friends in the room? 20. What _ your name? 21. These _ buses. 22. Those _oranges. areIsAreisisareIsAreisareare (2)、在下面的短文中填上恰当be动词。I _ a girl. My name _ Mary. I _ 12 years old. Here _ my family photo. Look! These _

48、my parents and those _ my grandparents. This boy _ my brother. He _ 15 years old now. That _ my cat, Mimi. It _ very lovely. amisamisareareisisisis 3）、在横线上填写be动词的正确形式，然后变成一般疑问句并做肯定与否定回答 eg.： 1. I _am a boy. _Are you a boy? Yes, I am/ No, I am not. 2. The girl_ his sister. 3. Miss Zhang _ a teacher.

49、4. This_ my dress. 5. That _ my red skirt. isIs the girl his sister?Yes, she is. No, she isnt.Is Miss Zhang a teacher?Yes, she is. No, she isnt.Is this your dress?Yes, it is. No, it isnt.Is that your red skirt?Yes, it is.isisisNo, it isnt. 2、主语（非第三人称单数）+行为动词原形+其他 （用助动词do 帮助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问） 3.主语（第三人

50、称单数）+行为动词的第三人称单数+其他（用助动词does 帮助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句） 行为动词第三人称单数加-s的形式 1.- s 2. 辅音+y: study-studies 3.以s,x,ch,sh结尾watch-watches teach-teaches4特殊have-has do-does go-goes do 类动词（行为动词）用原型或第三人称单数形式。 “原形动词 + s / es”构成“第三人称单数形式”,与单数名词变复数名词方法一样。 (1)、一般情况,动词后直接加 s (清辅音后读 / s /,浊辅音后读/ z /) 例如:brings 带来 calls 打电话