中考英语之数词.ppt

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1、步法算法写法指法步法算法写法指法掌握基本的英语语法知识，要求在阅读、写作等过程中掌握基本的英语语法知识，要求在阅读、写作等过程中能够正确运用这些知识，达到获取有关信息和基本表达、能够正确运用这些知识，达到获取有关信息和基本表达、交流思想的目的。具体需要掌握的内容如下：交流思想的目的。具体需要掌握的内容如下：初中英语中考总复习项目初中英语中考总复习项目一一. .名词的数和格的构成形式及其用法及主谓一致；名词的数和格的构成形式及其用法及主谓一致；二二. .代词；三代词；三. .冠词和数词；冠词和数词；四四. .形容词和副词及其比较级和最高级的构成形式及其用形容词和副词及其比较级和最高级的构成形式及

2、其用法；法；五五. .情态动词和助动词；情态动词和助动词；六六. .动词的时态和语态的构成形式及其用法动词的时态和语态的构成形式及其用法七七. .非谓语动词的构成形式及其用法；非谓语动词的构成形式及其用法；八八. .各类从句的构成及其用法；各类从句的构成及其用法；九九. .反意疑问句和感叹句反意疑问句和感叹句语法测试要求语法测试要求数词数词-就是表示事物的数量就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词和顺序的词, ,分为基数词和序分为基数词和序数词两种。数词两种。数数词词基数词基数词序数词序数词表示事物的数量表示事物的数量表示事物的顺序表示事物的顺序(1)1-12分别由从分别由从one到到twelve12个

3、个各不相同的词表示。各不相同的词表示。0 zero 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve 基数词基数词构成方法如下：构成方法如下：13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen(2)13-19均以后缀均以后缀-teen结尾。结尾。20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 sevent

4、y 80 eighty 90 ninety (3)20-90的整十数词均以后缀的整十数词均以后缀-ty结结尾。尾。表示表示“几十几几十几”时时, 个位和十位之个位和十位之间需加连词符间需加连词符, 如如: twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three.(4)三位数数词三位数数词:百位和十位百位和十位(若无十位则和个位若无十位则和个位)之间用之间用and连接连接,十位和个位间用十位和个位间用“-” 连接。连接。156 one hundred and fifty-six;810 eight hundred and ten 204 two hundred and four;

5、(5) 1,000以上的数字以上的数字,从右往左数从右往左数,三位一组三位一组,每三位数加一逗号每三位数加一逗号“,”;第一个第一个“,”号前为号前为thousand(千千), 第二个第二个“,”号前为号前为million(百万百万),第三个第三个“,”号前为号前为billion(十亿十亿) 。万以上的数字读法特点万以上的数字读法特点6, 500, 431, 729hundredthousandmillionbillion注意每三个数为一个单位，按照百、注意每三个数为一个单位，按照百、十、个向下读。十、个向下读。6，500，431，729seven hundred and twenty-nin

6、e thousandmillionbillionsix billion,five hundred million,four hundred and thirty-one thousand,hundred 100 one / a hundred 1,000 one thousand 10,000 ten thousand 100,000 one hundred thousand 1,000,000 one million26 twenty-six 260 two hundred and sixty 2,261 two thousand, two hundred and sixty-one 2,0

7、26 two thousand and twenty-six 1,200,226 one million, two hundred thousand, two hundred and twenty-six one billion, nine hundred and eighty-seven million, six hundred and fifty-four thousand, three hundred and twenty-one seven million, six hundred and fifty-four thousand, three hundred and twenty-on

8、e four thousand, three hundred and twenty-one7,654,3211,987,654,3214,321注意注意:hundred, thousand, million前前面如果有具体数字面如果有具体数字,要用单数形式要用单数形式;但如果它们后面有但如果它们后面有of,那它们要用那它们要用复数形式复数形式,同时同时,前面不能再加具体前面不能再加具体的数词。的数词。hundred, thousand, million前边有数字不加s;后边有of加s。 基数词基数词+hundred thousand million表示表示具体具体数字数字表示具体、准确的数目时

9、表示具体、准确的数目时, hundred, thousand, million等词等词后不能加后不能加-s,如如: five hundred, six thousand, seven million 等。等。hundredsthousandsmillions+of表示表示概数概数当当hundred, thousand等数词与等数词与of 连用连用, 表示不具体、不准确的数目表示不具体、不准确的数目时时, 词尾须加词尾须加-s。如。如: thousands of students, millions of trees.1.two thousand children 两千个小孩子两千个小孩子 th

10、ousands of fish 数千条鱼数千条鱼, 成千上万成千上万条鱼条鱼2. five hundred women 五百位妇女五百位妇女 hundreds of sheep 数百只绵羊数百只绵羊, 成百成百上千只羊上千只羊3. six million dollars 六百万美元六百万美元 millions of mice 数百万只老鼠数百万只老鼠,thousand 与 thousands ofThousands and thousands of people have visited the city.若表示某一个数是某些特指人或东若表示某一个数是某些特指人或东西中的一部分西中的一部分,

11、hundred等后面可跟等后面可跟of。two hundred of the students这些学生其中的二百个这些学生其中的二百个比较比较: two hundred students 二百个学生二百个学生one student, one of the studentsa few后常接后常接 hundred;many后常接后常接hundreds of;several后常接后常接hundred或或hundreds of。a few hundred men几百人几百人 many hundreds of men几百人几百人 1. If a = 3, b=4, whats the answer to

12、 the problem, a+2ab+1=? The answer is _. A. twenty eight B. twenty-eighth C. twenty-eight2. In our school several _ students are able to search the Internet. A. hundred of B. hundreds of C. hundredCBC3. Many _ sheep were killed in the accident. A. thousands of B. thousand C. thousands4. There are ov

13、er nine _ workers in the factory, but _ of young people hope to work in it. A. hundred; hundreds B. hundreds; hundreds C. hundreds; hundredAAOur summer holiday is coming. Two _ the students in our school will go to the beach. (2003重庆重庆)A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of若表示某数是某些特指人或东

14、西中的一部分若表示某数是某些特指人或东西中的一部分, hundred 后可跟后可跟of。 one student, two hundred students;one of the students, two hundred of the studentsCdozens of, scores of许多，大量许多，大量, hundreds of, millions of, tens of thousands of, hundreds of thousands of, tens of millions of等结等结构可用来表示不确定的数量。构可用来表示不确定的数量。4. tens of hundre

15、ds of + pl.n. 数千数千, Tens of thousands of animals are losing their home.数以千记的动物正丧失着它们的家园数以千记的动物正丧失着它们的家园.5. tens of thousands of + pl.n.成千上万的成千上万的, 数万的数万的6. hundreds of thousands of + pl.n. 上十万的上十万的, 数十万的数十万的7. thousands of thousands of + pl.n. 上百万的上百万的,数百万的数百万的The big earthquake killed _ people.A. h

16、undreds of thousands of B. several million of C. many thousand of D. hundreds of thousandAIn 1984, there was a serious accident in India and _ of people were injured.A. hundred thousand B. hundreds of thousandsC. hundred of thousands D. hundreds of thousand【简析简析】 hundreds of thousands of 数十万。数十万。B序数

17、词序数词1 = one 1st = first 2 = two 2nd = second 3 = three 3rd = third 4 = four 4th = fourth 5 = five 5th = fifth 6 = six 6th = sixth 7 = seven 7th = seventh 8 = eight 8th = eighth 9 = nine 9th = ninth 10 = ten 10th = tenth11 = eleven 11th = eleventh 12 = twelve 12th = twelfth 13 = thirteen 13th = thirt

18、eenth 14 = fourteen 14th =fourteenth 15 = fifteen 15th = fifteenth 16 = sixteen 16th =sixteenth 17 = seventeen 17th = seventeenth 18 = eighteen 18th =eighteenth 19 = nineteen 19th =nineteenth 20 = twenty 20th = twentieth 21 = twenty-one 21st = twenty-first 22 = twenty-two 22nd = twenty-second序数词序数词o

19、ne two three four five six seven eight nine tenfirst second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seven

20、teenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth11th 12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th基数词基数词基数词基数词序数词序数词序数词序数词基变序基变序,有规律有规律,词尾加上词尾加上th。123,特殊记特殊记,词尾字母词尾字母t,d,d。8去去t,9去去e,f来把来把ve替。替。twenty-one twenty-two twenty-three thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety hundredtwenty-first twenty-second twenty-thi

21、rd thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth hundredth 21st 22nd 23rd 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th 整十整十y 变变i， th前有小前有小e来来基数词基数词 序数词序数词基数词基数词序数词序数词基数词基数词序数词序数词onetwelvetwotwentythreetwenty-onefourfortyfiveone hundredsixone hundred and fiveeightone hundred and twe

22、nty-nineninenineteen基数词、序数词基数词、序数词firstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixtheighthninthtwelfthtwentiethtwenty-firstfortiethone hundredthone hundred and fifthone hundred and twenty-ninthnineteenth(1).序数词除了序数词除了first (第一第一)、second (第二第二)、third (第三第三) 特殊外特殊外,其余的其余的都是在基数词上加词尾都是在基数词上加词尾-th构成。构成。 注注意意fifth, eighth,

23、 ninth, twelfth这几这几个词。个词。基数词基数词 onetwothree序数词序数词 firstsecond third基数词基数词 fiveeightninetwelve序数词序数词 fiftheighthninthtwelfth(2)从第二十至第九十以从第二十至第九十以-ty 结尾结尾的表示的表示“几十几十”的基数词的基数词( (十位整十位整数的序数词数的序数词) ) ,先变先变y为为ie,再加再加“-th”构成。构成。twentytwentieth; thirtythirtiethforty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety (3)表示表示

24、“第几十几第几十几”时，十位数时，十位数的的“几十几十”仍用基数词，只把处仍用基数词，只把处位部分变成序数词。位部分变成序数词。thirty-onethirty-first 第第31forty-twoforty-second; fifty-sixth; seventy-third; ninety-ninth(4)第一百以上的多位序数词由基第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词变结尾部分为序数词形式形式one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一第一百二十一one thousand, three hundred and twentieth 第一

25、千三百二十第一千三百二十(5)序数词的缩写形式序数词的缩写形式有时有时, 序数词可以用缩写形式来表示序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。序序数词的缩写形式数词的缩写形式, 由由阿拉伯数字加序数词阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母的最后两个字母构成构成。主要缩写形式有。主要缩写形式有。first1st; second2nd; third3rd; fourth4th; sixth6th; twentieth20th; twenty-third23rd其中其中1st, 2nd, 3rd为特殊形式为特殊形式, 其它的都其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上是阿拉伯数字后加上th。一般是在基数词后加上一般是在基数词后加上-t

26、h构成构成, 但应记但应记住一些特殊变化住一些特殊变化, 口诀如下：口诀如下：基变序基变序, 有规律，有规律， 词尾加上词尾加上“th”。 一二三一二三(first, second, third), 特殊例，特殊例， 词尾字母词尾字母t、d、d。 八去八去t、九去、九去e, (eighth, ninth) ve要用要用f替。替。(fifth, twelfth) ty将将y改作改作i， th前面有个前面有个e。(twentieth)注注: 序数词前通常要加定冠词序数词前通常要加定冠词 the。Well go over it a second time.Weve tried it three ti

27、mes. Must we try it a fourth time?The Second World War broke out in 1939.注注: 序数词前出现不定冠词序数词前出现不定冠词a或或an时时,则表示则表示“再再”, “又又”。(=another)In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. (2009四川卷四川卷)A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; theBTwo days isnt enough for me to finish

28、the work. I need _ day. (2008宁波市鄞宁波市鄞yin州州)A. a third B. the third C. the other D. otherAIn order to make it clear, I must go up to _ second floor and ask him _ second time. (2005呼和浩特市呼和浩特市)A. the; a B. the; theC. a; the D. a; aA1.作主语作主语Two of them are Party members.他们之中的两个人是党员他们之中的两个人是党员。2.作宾语作宾语Pl

29、ease pass me the second.请递给我第二个。请递给我第二个。3.作定语作定语The nine boys are from Tianjin.这九个男孩子是天津这九个男孩子是天津人。人。The ninth boy is from Tianjin.第九个男孩是天津人。第九个男孩是天津人。4.作表语作表语Six and / plus four is ten.六加四等于十。六加四等于十。Six minus four is two.六减四等于二。六减四等于二。5.作同位语作同位语(只限基数词只限基数词)We four will go with you. 我们四个人将和你一起去。我们四个

30、人将和你一起去。时间类型时间类型表示法表示法例例读法读法整点整点基数词基数词 (+ oclock) 1:0030分钟分钟分钟分钟 + past +钟点钟点2:10= 30 分钟分钟half + past +钟点钟点3:3030分钟分钟到下一个钟点所差的分到下一个钟点所差的分钟数钟数+to+下一个钟点数下一个钟点数 4:40分钟逢分钟逢15即即 一刻钟一刻钟a quarter past / to5:156:45简化法简化法按顺序读基数词按顺序读基数词7:50one (oclock)ten past twohalf past threetwenty to fivea quarter past fi

31、vea quarter to sevenseven fifty表示在几点钟用介词表示在几点钟用介词at数词的表示法数词的表示法 时刻时刻时刻表示法时刻表示法时刻通常用基数词来读时刻通常用基数词来读顺序法顺序法:先说钟点数先说钟点数, 后说分钟数。后说分钟数。 8:45(=eight forty-five)10:05(=ten five)6:30= six thirty10:25 = ten twenty-five14:05 = fourteen o five16:15 = sixteen fifteen18:30 = eighteen thirty23:55 = twenty-three fi

32、fty-five注意注意: :表示表示“整点整点”时时, ,在基数词在基数词后加后加oclock: 9 oclock几点过几分几点过几分:分钟数分钟数30分钟时分钟时,用用“分钟数分钟数+past+钟点数钟点数”；6:05five past six 8:15a quarter past eight 9:25twenty-five past nine 7:30half past seven 反序法反序法: 先说分钟数先说分钟数, 后说钟点数。后说钟点数。6:20 / 7:25 / 8:15 / 9:10 几点差几分几点差几分:分钟数分钟数30 时时,用用“到下一个钟点所到下一个钟点所差的分钟数差

33、的分钟数+to+下一个钟点数下一个钟点数”。 7:35twenty-five to eight 11:40twenty to twelve 8:50ten to nine “也可以依次读钟点数和分钟数也可以依次读钟点数和分钟数”。10:40 / 6:35 / 8:55 / 9:45 / 11:50两个特殊的表示分钟的单位词两个特殊的表示分钟的单位词:30分钟用分钟用half, 15分钟用分钟用a quarter。6:30 读作读作half past six;6:15读作读作a quarter past six; 6:45读作读作a quarter to seven注意注意: 时刻表上的时间大多

34、采用时刻表上的时间大多采用24小小时表示法时表示法, 这样就不需要用这样就不需要用a.m.表示表示上午上午, p.m.表示下午了。表示下午了。8:20 eight twenty twenty past eight9:55 nine fifty-five five to ten11:30 eleven thirty half past eleven7:45 seven forty-five a quarter to eight6:15 six fifteen a quarter past six Its already 7:40 now. When will the film start?_.

35、We still have five minutes. A. A quarter to seven B. Seven past forty-five C. A quarter to eightC三、年月表示法三、年月表示法the sixth (6th) century 公元六世纪公元六世纪the eighteenth (18th) century 公元十八世纪公元十八世纪the 1900s 二十世纪二十世纪the 1600s 十七世纪十七世纪1. 世纪世纪可以用可以用 “the+序数词序数词+ century”表示表示,也可以用也可以用 “the+百位进数加百位进数加s”表示表示2. 年代年代

36、用用 “the+基数词表示的世纪基数词表示的世纪+十十位整数的复数形式表示的年代位整数的复数形式表示的年代”构成。构成。在二十世纪三十年代在二十世纪三十年代in the 1930s (in the nineteen thirties)在十九世纪六十年代在十九世纪六十年代in the 1860s (in the eighteen sixties) 1. There will be more chances in _ century than in _ century. A. twenty-one, twenty B. twenty-first, twentieth C. the twenty-f

37、irst, the twentieth 2. The city changed a lot _. A. in 1980s B. in the 1980s C. in the 1980CB 3. He graduated in _ of _ century. A. the sixtieth; twenty B. sixty; the twentieth C. the sixties; the twentiethin the sixties在六十年代在六十年代in his sixties在他六十几岁的时候在他六十几岁的时候C“in ones + 整十位基数词的复数形整十位基数词的复数形式式”, 表

38、示表示“在某人几十几岁的时在某人几十几岁的时候候”。4. He got the prize _. A. in his fifties B. in fifties C. in his fiftyA“in ones + 整十位基数词的复数整十位基数词的复数”是一种习是一种习惯表达法惯表达法, 用以表示约略年龄用以表示约略年龄, 意为意为“在某人在某人几十几岁的时候几十几岁的时候”。使用该结构时。使用该结构时, 必须注必须注意数词用复数形式意数词用复数形式, 其前是形容词性物其前是形容词性物主代词主代词, 最前面是介词最前面是介词in。in ones forties在某人四十多岁时在某人四十多岁时M

39、y mother is in her fifties.When Mr Liu was _, he became a famous professor.A. on his forties B. in the fortiesC. in the forty D. in his fortiesMy father began to learn Russian when he was over fifty. My father began to learn Russian _ _ _. in his fiftiesDA. 年份用基数词表示年份用基数词表示, 一般写为阿拉伯数字。一般写为阿拉伯数字。 是是四

40、位数字时四位数字时, 各分成二位来读。各分成二位来读。1949 读作读作: nineteen forty-nine1800 eighteen hundred253 two hundred and fifty-three1902 nineteen hundred and two或或 nineteen o two使用使用year时放在数词之前。时放在数词之前。in the year 2000 (=in 2000)在在2000年年但是但是, 通常采用通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。 in 2000 在在2000年年数词的表示法数词的表示法 年份年份日期日期: : the加

41、序数词表示加序数词表示National Day is on October 1(st). (读作读作 October the first)National Day is on the 1st of October 月日月日,年年数词的表示法数词的表示法 年月日年月日on October the first, two thousand and eight日日the + 序数词序数词月月(首字母大写首字母大写)月日与年之间月日与年之间用逗号分开用逗号分开年年（两位两位读）（两位两位读）写作写作on August 9(th)写作写作in May, 2010有日用有日用 on; 无日用无日用in在在2

42、008年年10月月1日日写作写作on October 1(st), 2008 月日月日 在在8月月9日日 月年月年 在在2010年年5月月在具体的某一天的早晨、上午、下午、晚上、在具体的某一天的早晨、上午、下午、晚上、夜里用介词夜里用介词on。morning, afternoon, evening等词前用介词等词前用介词in: in the morning / afternoon / evening。但是但是, 当这些词前或后有定语时当这些词前或后有定语时, in应改为应改为on。He was born on the night of December 25th, 1992.He sudden

43、ly came back on a rainy night. 1. The accident happened on _. A. April 5, 2001 B. 2001, April 5 C. April 2001, 52. I was born _. A. in March 8, 1993 B. on July 9, 1994 C. on May, 1995AB分数的表示法分数的表示法:分子用基数词分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分分母用序数词。分子大于子大于1时时,分母用复数分母用复数(+s)。基数词基数词序数词序数词数词的表示法数词的表示法 分数分数15分子分子 基数词基数词分母分母 序

44、数词序数词one fifth27分子分子 1分母分母 + stwo sevenths14分子分子 a分母分母 quartera fourth / one fourth / a quarter / one quarter34three fourthsthree quarters12a second / a half1/3 one third或或a third; 3/5three fifths;24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifthsAbout _ of the workers in the factory were born in the _. (2008无锡市无锡市;20

45、09兰州市兰州市)A. two-thirds; 1970 B. two-thirds; 1970sC. two-third; 1970 D. two-third; 1970sB1 1/2 one and a half1 1/4 one and a quarter 3 1/4 three and one fourth或或 three and one quarter13three and one third3基数词基数词 + and + 分数分数分数修饰名词时分数修饰名词时, 后加后加of短语。短语。2/7的老师的老师: two sevenths of teachers80 %百分数百分数(%)基

46、数词基数词+percenteighty percenthalf / (百百)分数分数 + of + 可数名词复数可数名词复数 谓语动词用复数谓语动词用复数half / (百百)分数分数 + of + 不可数名词不可数名词谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数Three fourths of the apples _ bad.Three fourths of the apple _ bad.areis1. _ of the students _ boys in our class. A. Two three; are B. Two thirds; are C. Two thirds; is2. _ of

47、her money _ spent on clothes.A. Two three; are B. Two thirds; is C. Two third; is3. _ the teachers in our school is about one hundred, and _ of them are women teachers.A. The number of; two third B. The number of; two thirds C. A number of; two thirdsBBB3.78读作读作three point seven eight小数小数小数点前按整数方式读小

48、数点前按整数方式读,小数小数点后一位一位地读。点后一位一位地读。12,345. 6789读作读作twelve thousand, three hundred and forty-five point six seven eight nine一个半小时一个半小时 two and a half hours= two hours and a half one and a half hours= an hour and a half数词的表示法数词的表示法“半半”的表示法的表示法两个半小时两个半小时一年半一年半两年半两年半 two and a half years= two years and a h

49、alf one and a half years= a year and a half1. The boy always stays there for _. A. one and half hour B. one and a half hour C. one and a half hours2. The old man drank _ beer.A. two bottles and a half B. two and a half bottleC. two bottle and a halfCA数词的表示法数词的表示法 “一两个一两个”的表示法的表示法“a / an + 单名单名 + or

50、two” 或或 “one or two + 复名复名”。Dont worry. Youll be all right in a day or two.I can only stay here for one or two days. I can finish the work in a week or two.“一两个一两个”习惯上用习惯上用注意注意: a / an和和one不可调换。不可调换。数词的表示法数词的表示法 倍数的表达法倍数的表达法一倍一倍once, 两倍两倍twice, 三倍三倍three times (三倍或以上用基数词三倍或以上用基数词times)This box is fi