机电专业英语教材配套资源ppt课件（完整版）.zip

机电专业英语教案 1模块 1模块 1Module 1 Foundation of Mechanical Technology学习任务学习任务 1Task 1 Mechanical EngineeringTeaching contentRemarksText1.1.1.Drawing1.Engineering drawing Typical drawings in machine manufacturing are classified as part drawings and assembly drawings.在机械制造中比较典型的机械图样有两种：零件图和装配图。Fig.1-1-1 Part drawingsFig.1-1-2 Assembly drawings2.Representation of machine elementsMechanical drawings in national standards are restricted to those which specify the view,sectional view and broken sectional view to 掌 握 机 械图 样 分 类及组成重点零件图的表达方式机电专业英语教案 2represent the structures and shapes.国家机械制图标准规定采用视图、剖视图、断面图等各种方法来表达机件的结构和形状。Basic viewsSectional views Broken sectional views1.1.2 Properties of Metals1.MetalsMetals are divided into two general groups:ferrous metals and nonferrous metals.The major types of ferrous metals are iron,carbon steels,alloy steels and tool steels.金属材料分为两种基本类型：铁类金属和非铁金属。铁类金属主要有铸铁、碳钢、合金钢和工具钢。The three primary types of cast iron are gray cast iron,white cast iron,and malleable iron.铸铁主要分为三种：灰铸铁、白口铸铁和可锻铸铁。此部分结合机械制图课程进行动导向教学法结合金属材料课程讲解与提问交叉进行难点：三种铸铁、三种钢的异同机电专业英语教案 3 The three principal types of carbon steel used in industry are low,medium,and high carbon steel.工业上使用的碳钢主要有三种：低碳钢、中碳钢和高碳钢。2.Properties of metals Strength is a property of metal that allows it to resist permanent change in shape when loads are applied.强度是材料在载荷作用下抵抗塑性变形的能力。Hardness is the ability of a metal to resist indentation or penetration.硬度是材料抵抗压痕或划痕的能力。Wear resistance is the ability of a metal to resist abrasion.耐磨性是材料抵抗磨损的能力。Toughness is the ability of a metal to resist,or absorb,sudden shocks of loads without breaking.韧性是材料抵抗或吸收或冲击载荷而不发生破坏的能力。Plasticity is the ability of a metal to be extensively deformed without fracture or rupture.塑性是材料产生塑性变形而不被破坏的能力。Brittleness is the property of a metal that causes it to fracture rather than deform when loads are applied.脆性是指材料在载荷作用下不产生明显变形而直接发生破坏的特性。1.1.3 Heat Treatment of MetalsFig.1-1-6 Heat treatment curvePurposes of annealing:remove hardness;increase malleability;increase ductility;improve machine-ability;refine grain structure.退火的目的：降低硬度；提高可锻性；提高延展性；改善机械加工性能；改善组织。Purposes of normalizing:relieve stresses;produce normal grain size and structure;place steels in the best condition for machining;lessen distortion in heat treating.正火的目的：消除应力；细化晶粒和改善结构均匀性；为机械加工做准备；减少热处理产生的变形。讨论教学法对比法讲解机电专业英语教案 4Purposes of hardening:increase hardness,strength and wear resistance.淬火的目的：提高硬度、强度和耐磨性。Purposes of tempering:reduce hardness to desired level;increase shock resistance and impact strength;reduce brittleness;relieve stresses caused by rapid cooling.回火的目的：降低硬度到所需要的水平；提高抗冲击性和冲击强度；降低脆性；消除快速冷却产生的内应力。1.1.4 Machine Elements1.Machine and partsHowever simply,any machine is a combination of individual components generally referred to as machine elements or parts.无论多么简单的机器，都是由单一构件即通称的机械零件或部件组成的。2.Name of different gear partsFig.1-1-7 Name of different gear parts3.Gear types and applicationsThere are several kinds of gears used in modem machinery.Some of those are spurs,helical,gear racks,bevel,worm and worm wheel.在现代机械中使用的齿轮有很多种，其中有直齿圆柱齿轮、斜齿轮、齿条、锥齿轮、蜗轮蜗杆等。Fig.1-1-8 Spur gears结 合 机 械设 计 基 础该 部 分 内容 采 用 启发 式 方 式授课机电专业英语教案 5 Fig.1-1-9 Helical gear Fig.1-1-10 Bevel gearsExercises.Match A with B A B耐磨性 assembly drawings正火 sectional views灰铸铁 gray cast iron剖视图 tensile strength抗拉强度 wear resistance齿根圆 normalizing装配图 dedendum circle.Mark the following statements with T(true)or F(false)()1.Directional views include full sectional views,half sectional views and partial sectional views.()2.The axonometric drawing is used for complementing the outline of the body.()3.Metals are divided into three general groups:gray cast iron,white cast iron,and malleable iron.()4.Brittleness is the opposite of plasticity.机电专业英语教案 6()5.Tempering relieves some of the stressed caused by rapid cooling in the hardening process.()6.The addendum circle of the external gear is smaller than its dedendum circle.Answer the following questions briefly according to the text.1 1.Which two kinds are typical drawings in machine manufacturing divided into?2.What is the application of malleable cast iron?3.What is the carbon content of medium carbon steel?4.Whats definition of the strength?5.What is the function of the normalizing?Reading MaterialAnnealing TypesThere three types of annealing processes used in industry are full annealing,process annealing,and spheroidizing.工业中应用的退火主要有三种：完全退火、低温退火和球化退火。Full annealing is used to produce maximum softness in steel.Machinability is improved.Internal stresses are relieved.完全退火用来最大限度的降低钢的硬度，以改善他的切削加工性能，消除内应力。Process annealing is also called stress relieving.It is used for relieving internal stresses that have occurred during cold-working or machining processes.低温退火也称去应力退火，他的目的主要就是消除在冷加工和机械加工过程中产生的内应力。Spheroidizing is used to produce a special kind of grain structure that is relatively soft and machine-able.This processes generally used to improve the machine-ability.球化退火是使钢中生成一种特殊的晶粒结构，这种结构相对较软而易于加工。这种工艺一般用于改善高碳钢的切削加工性能。机电专业英语教案 1模块 1模块 1Module 1 Foundation of Mechanical Technology学习任务学习任务 2Task 2 Machinery ManufacturingTeaching contentRemarksText1.2.1 Metal Cutting TechnologyThe five basic techniques of machining metal include turning,milling,planning,grinding，drilling and boring.金属切削加工的五种基本方法包括：车削、铣削、刨削、磨削、钻削和镗削。Turning is type of metal processing operation where a cutting tool is used to remove the unwanted material to produce a desired product,and is generally performed on lathe.In turning process,the rotation of spindle is the main movement,and the turning tools move is the feed movement.车削是金属加工的一种方法，是用切削刀具将金属表面多余的金属去除，生产出所需的产品，在车削加工中，主轴的旋转运动是主运动，车刀的运动是进给运动。After lathes,milling machines are the most widely used for manufacturing applications.铣削是仅次于车削的应用最广的一种方法。结合机械制造工艺课程，常用启发式授课机电专业英语教案 2 Grinding machining is important processing technology in mechanical manufacturing.Grinding tool is a rotating abrasive wheel.磨削加工是机械制造中重要的加工工艺，磨削刀具是旋转砂轮，砂轮就像有无数微切削的铣刀。Drilling involves producing through or blind holes in a solid metal by a cutting tool,which rotates around its axis,against the workpiece.钻削是在实体金属上加工通孔或盲孔的一种方法，刀具绕主轴旋转，相对工件进给。1.2.2 Cutting Tool1.Cutting Tool Materials and PropertyThe commonly used cutting tool materials are plain carbon steel,对比法分析各种机床的主运动和进给运动机电专业英语教案 3alloy steel,high-speed steel,cemented carbides and diamond.常用的刀具材料有碳素钢、合金钢、高速钢、硬质合金和金刚石刀具等。2.Common tools of turning a.external turning tool b.groove tool c.thread tool d.internal turning tool e.twist drill f.center drill3.Common tools of milling Face milling cutter Keyway cutter Center drill Twist drill Reamer4.Geometry of Cutting ToolThe main of angles include:nose angle,rake angle,relief angle and cutting edge angle.结合图片，和已授课程，常用对比法讲解其应用同上难点，结合工艺知识，机电专业英语教案 4主要角度包括：刀尖角、前角、后角和偏角。Rake angle decides the tartness degree of tool,the larger of the rake angle,the more tartness.前角的大小决定了刀具的锋利程度，前角越大刀具越锋利。Relief angles serve to eliminate rubbing between the workpiece and the end flank.The degree of relief angle has important effect on surface quality of the workpiece.At the same time,relief angle affects the intensity of tool edge.It can also affect the tartness degree of tool.后角用来降低工件与后刀面之间的摩擦。后角的大小对工件表面质量有很大影响。同时后角的大小决定了刀刃的强度，并能够影响切削刃的锋利程度。1.2.3 Cutting Dosages1.Cutting SpeedCutting speed for milling is the speed at the outside edge of the milling cutter as it is rotating.A milling cutter must spin when traveling through the stock to allow for material removal.The rate at which the cutting tool rotates is called the spindle speed,measured in RPM(Revolutions Per Minute).铣削加工的切削速度为铣刀旋转时外边缘上一点的线速度。铣削加工时铣刀作旋转运动，铣刀的旋转速度称为主轴转速，用每分钟转速 RPM 来测量。2.Feed RateThe feed rate is that the distance the tool advances into the workpiece per revolution of the workpiece.刀具的进给量是指工件每转一周刀具与工件之间相对移动的距离。Feed rate(in/min)=RPM x chip load x teeth每分进给量（英寸/分钟）=主轴转速每齿进给量齿数3.Cut DepthDepth of cut is defined as the distance that the cutting tools is 启发教学对比法、启发 式 结 合授课机电专业英语教案 5plunged into the workpiece.切削深度是指刀具切入工件的深度，一般以 mm 为单位。Exercises.Match A with B A B切削液 grinding外圆车刀 blind holes盲孔 external turning tool进给量 rake angle磨削 feed rate前角 cutting fluids.Mark the following statements with T(true)or F(false)()1.In turning process,the rotation of spindle is the feed movement,and the turning tools move is the main movement.()2.Groove tool is used in parting the workpiece or cut off the workpiece.()3.The twist drill is the most common type of drill and used for rough drilling operation.()4.Relief angle decides the tartness degree of tool,the larger of the relief angle,the more tartness.()5.The feed rate per tooth is too small will cause excessive tool wear so dont just set the feed rate low and think this is correct.Answer the following questions briefly according to the text.以 学 生 练习为主，提示、引导为辅机电专业英语教案 61.How many kinds are there in techniques of machining metal?2.What function is relief angle?3.What are the factors that affect the cutting speed?4.How to select the feed rate for roughing operation?5.What is the definition of cut depth?Reading MaterialCutting Fluids1.Functions of cutting fluids2.Types of cutting fluidsSynthetic oils typically are used for low-speed operations where temperature rise is not significant.合成油主要应用在低速加工的时候，因为温度对其影响不大。Emulsions are a mixture of oil and water and additives,generally are used for high-speed operations because temperature rise is significant.The presence of water makes emulsions very effective coolants.乳化液是一种油、水和添加剂的混合溶液，通常使用在高速加工的时候，因为温度的升高对其影响较大。水的存在使得乳化液的冷却效果很好。分 层 教 学使用机电专业英语教案 1模块 1模块 1Module 1 Foundation of Mechanical Technology学习任务学习任务 3Task 3 CNC ProgramTeaching contentRemarksText1.3.1 Basic CNC Program1.Coordinate SystemsThe machine manufacturer sets a machine zero point for each machine.The machine zero point is the origin of the machine coordinate system.When the operator wants to determine the position of the workpiece on the machine,he must set the workpiece coordinate systems.If the dimension of a workpiece is too big,the user can set another coordinate system in a local area of the workpiece,this is a local coordinate system.机床制造商为每一台机床设置一个机床零点，机床零点是机床坐标系的原点。操作者编程时需要确定零件在机床上的位置时，必须建立工件坐标系。当工件尺寸太大时，用户可以在工件上的某一局部区域设定另一个坐标系，这个坐标系就是局部坐标系。(Local Coordinate System)(G54:Workpiece Coordinate System 1)(G59:Workpiece Coordinate System 6)(Local Coordinate System)IP_G55G56G57G58Machine Coordinate System OriginMachine Coordinate SystemThe coordinates in a coordinate system represent the tool position.Coordinates axes（Fig.1-3-2）are used to specify the coordinates.坐标系中的坐标代表刀具的位置，坐标轴(图 1-3-2)用来确定坐标。对比法教授对比法教授机电专业英语教案 22.Program ZeroThe origin point for each axis is commonly called the program zero point,also called work zero,part origin or zero point.每个坐标轴的原点通常称为程序零点，也称为工件零点，工件原点或零点。3.Absolute VS.Incremental Coordinate（Fig.1-3-4）If the tool moves to a target point,the coordinate value of it is determined on the basis of zero point of the workpiece coordinate system.This value is the absolute coordinate value.If the tool moves from the present point to a target point,the coordinate value of the target point is determined on the basis of the previous tools coordinate value.This value is the increment coordinate value.如果刀具移动到某一个目标点，该点的坐标值是以工件坐标系的原点为基准而确定的，此值即为该位置的绝对坐标值。如果刀具从当前点移动到某一个目标点，该目标点的坐标值是相对于刀具前一个位置坐标来计算的，此值即为该位置的增量坐标值。手势演示手势演示结合编程教学结合编程教学教学难点教学难点机电专业英语教案 34.The G,F,S,M and T CodesG-codes are also called preparatory codes or words.A preparatory function is designated by the address G followed by one or two digits to specify the mode in which a CNC machine moves along its programmed axes.G 代码通常分为两类。模态 G 代码在随后的程序段一直有效，直至被同组的另一个代码代替。非模态 G 代码功能仅在所出现的程序段内起作用。The F-code（Fig.1-3-5）controls the speed of the cutting feed.F 代码（图 1-3-5）控制切削进给速度。The S-code（Fig.1-3-6）controls the spindle speed.The selected speed value right follows the S address.S 代码（图 1-3-6）控制主轴转速。S 地址后面是所选择的转速值。M-codes are called the miscellaneous words and are used to control miscellaneous function of the machine.M 代码被叫做辅助功能字，控制机床的辅助功能。T-code（Fig.1-3-7）is used to specify the tool number.It is used only for an automatic tool changer machine.T 代码（图 1-3-7）被用来指定刀具号。用于有自动换刀装置的机床。1.3.2 Manual Program Code1.Basic Program Codes(1)G00(rapid positioning)联 系 编 程知识授课机电专业英语教案 4The G00 command moves a tool to the position in the workpiece system specified with an absolute or an incremental command at a rapid traverse rate.G00 指令是在工件坐标系中以快速移动速度移动刀具到达由绝对或增量指令指定的位置。The G01 command moves a tool along a line to the specified position at the feed rate specified in F code.G01 指令是将刀具以代码指定的进给速度沿直线移动到指定的位置。G02/G03(circular interpolation)command will move a tool along a circular arc.The arc center is specified by addresses I,J and K for the X,Y and Z axes,respectively.G02/G03（圆弧插补）指令使刀具沿圆弧运动。圆弧圆心是用地址 I、J 和 K（分别对应于 X,Y 和 Z 轴的坐标）指定的。2.Tool Compensation Codes(1)Tool length compensation（Fig.1-3-8）Tool length compensation(2)Tool radius compensation（Fig.1-3-9）G41 与 G423.Multiple Repetitive Cycle CodesG71(stock removal in turning)canned cycle will rough out material 对比法、启发 式 结 合授课看图学习看图学习机电专业英语教案 5on a part given the finished part shape.All that a programmer needs to do is define the shape of a part by programming the finished tool path and then submitting the path definition to G71 by means of a PQ block designation.G71 循环指令能按照给定的精加工后零件形状粗车去除多余材料。通过编程精加工刀具轨迹来定义零件形状，并且通过 PQ 程序段指定把刀具轨迹赋予 G71 指令。G73(pattern repeating in turning)canned cycle permits cutting a fixed pattern repeatedly,with a pattern being displaced bit by bit.G73(仿型粗车循环)指令可以车削固定的图形，并且是按此图形逐步逼近。通过这种切削循环，就可以高效的切削已粗车成型、铸造成型或锻造成型的工件。G81(drilling cycle)Rapidly move to the X and Y coordinate of the hole position.Rapidly move to Z axis reference plane(R).Feed to the Z axis final depth.Rapidly back to either the Z axis initial position or the Z axis reference plane(R).X 轴和 Y 轴快速定位到孔中心的位置上。快速运行到 Z 向参考平面。Z 向切削进给到最终深度。快速退回到 Z 向初始位置或 Z 向参考平面。4.Subprogram联 系 编 程教学，启发学生讲授看图讲授机电专业英语教案 6If a program contains a fixed sequence or frequently repeated pattern,such a sequence or pattern can be stored as a subprogram in memory to simplify the program.一个程序包含固定顺序或频繁重复的图形，这样的顺序或图形就可以编成子程序存在存储器中以简化编程。1.3.3 Automatic Programming1.Create the geometry modeling (1)By using the graphical design interface provided by MasterCAM X.（1）使用 MasterCAM X 提供的交互绘图设计。(2)By making the design in CAD software,e.g.UG,Pro/E,SolidWorks then saving it in a format that MasterCAM X can import.（2）在 CAD 软件比如 UG,Pro/E,SolidWorks 中进行设计，然后保存成 MasterCAM X 能导入的格式。2.Creating the tool path(1)Select the machine type（Fig.1-3-13）(2)Look for an existing tool that you may want to use（Fig.1-3-14,结 合 软 件教学讲授机电专业英语教案 7Fig.1-3-15）(3)Create the tool path（Fig.1-3-16）3.Verify the cutting process（Fig.1-3-17,Fig.1-3-18）Before a part is machined,the CAM model needs to be verified that 机电专业英语教案 8the part program is correct.在一个零件加工之前，需要验证 CAM 模型的零件程序是否正确。4.Create the G codes（Fig.1-3-19）Different CNC machines use slightly different versions of G codes.The conversion of the machining data to the G codes specific for a particular CNC machine is called post